SYPHILIS

SYPHILIS
SYPHILIS
• Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection
(STD) caused by the spirochete bacterium
Treponema pallidum. This disease can be
passed to another person through kissing or
close physical contact. The infected person is
often unaware of the disease and unknowingly
passes it on to his/her sexual partner
STAGES OF SYPHIILIS
• The symptoms of syphilis developed in three stages, they are as
follows
 STAGE 1 { PRIMARY SYPHILIS }
 STAGE 2 { SECONDARY SYPHILIS }
 STAGE 3 {TERTIARY SYPHILIS }

1) STAGE1 [ PRIMARY SYPHILIS ] :- Symptoms of syphilis begin with
a painless but highly infectious sore on the genitals or sometimes
around the mouth. The sore lasts two to six weeks before
disappearing.
2) STAGE 2 [ SECONDARY SYPHILIS ] :- Secondary symptoms, such
as a skin rash and sore throat develop. These symptoms may
disappear within a few weeks, after which person may experience a
talent (hidden) phase with no symptoms, which can lasts for years.
3) STAGE 3 [ TERTIARY SYPHILIS ] :- Around one third of people
who are not treated for syphilis will develop tertiary syphilis. At this
stage, it cause serious damage to the body. This symptoms develop
in three stages:
* Primary syphilis.
* Secondary syphilis.
• PRIMARY SYPHILIS :- The initial symptoms of
syphilis can appear any time from 10 days to three
months after one have been exposed to the
infection.
The most common symptom is the
appearance of a small, painless sore or ulcer (called
chancer). The sore will appear on the part of body
where the infection was transmitted, typically the
penis, vagina, anus, rectum, tongue or lips. Most
people can have more.
• SECONDARY SYPHILIS :- The symptoms of secondary syphilis will begin a
few weeks after the disappearance of the sore.
Common symptoms include:-
* A non-itchy skin rash appearing anywhere on the body, but
commonly on the palms of the hands or soles of the feet.
* Tiredness
* Headaches
* Swollen lymph glands
LESS COMMON SYMPTOMS INCLUDE

* Fever
* Weight loss
* Patchy hair loss
* Joints pains
TERTIARY SYPHILIS :-
• The symptoms of tertiary syphilis can

begin years or even decades after
initial infections. Around a one third of
people who are not treated for syphilis
develop serious symptoms at this
stage.
• PATHOPHYSIOLOGY :-
The understanding of T. pallidum pathophysiology is impeded by the inability to grow the
organism in culture. Thus, knowledge of the growth characteristics and metabolism of this
bacterium are quite limited.
Early local infection: Treponema pallidum initiates infection when it gains access to
subcutaneous tissues via microscopic abrasions that occur during sexual intercourse. Despite
a slow estimated dividing time of 30 hours, the spirochete evades early host immune
responses and establishes the initial ulcerative lesion, the chancre.
Immune response: Treponema pallidum elicits innate and adaptive cellular immune
responses in skin and blood. The host immune response begins with lesional infiltration of
polymorphonuclear leukocytes, which are soon replaced by T lymphocytes. In some respects,
the immune response to T. pallidum is paradoxical. On one hand, the various immune
responses during early infection appear to be efficacious, since they coincide with resolution of
the primary chancre, even in the absence of therapy. Despite this apparent immune control,
however, widespread dissemination of spirochetes occurs at the same time, leading to
subsequent clinical manifestations of secondary or tertiary syphilis in untreated patients.
CAUSES
 Syphilis is caused by the bacteria Treponema
pallidum.
 The bacteria can enter one's body if he/she

have close contact with an infected sore,
normally during vaginal, anal or oral sex or by
sharing sex toys.
TREATMENT
• Effective antibiotic treatment is available. Treatment needs to be supervised
carefully and long-term follow-up is required, syphilis infection. Treatment of
the mother particularly for patients with late stage during pregnancy may be
sufficient to prevent fetal infection. Sometimes babies require an additional
course of antibiotics after birth.
• Primary Option: Penicillin G Benzathine 2.4 million units intramuscularly

as a single dose.
• Secondary Option: Doxycycline 100 mg orally twice daily and Prednisone 40-
60 mg orally once daily for 3 days; start 24 hours before penicillin.
PREVENTION
 Protected physical contact through the use of condoms reduces the risk of infection.
 Promoting sex-education among teen- agers.
 Providing awareness among the population about their sexual health especially in
high risks population (high risks population involves sex workers and their partners,
Intravenous drug users, truck drivers, labour migrants, refugees and prisoners).
 People with syphilis should refrain from any sexual contact for at least 1 week after
completing treatment or until the lesions of early syphilis (if they were present) are
fully healed.
 People with syphilis should also refrain from any sexual contact until sexual
partners have been contacted, tested and if indicated treated.
 Pregnant women are screened for syphilis in early pregnancy and again in late
pregnancy if they are at increased risk of acquiring syphilis.
 Testing to exclude other sexually transmitted infections is advisable.
THANK YOU
SUBMITTED BY
- ARUN DEV. D

SYPHILIS

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SYPHILIS

 STAGE 1 { PRIMARY SYPHILIS }

 STAGE 2 { SECONDARY SYPHILIS }

 STAGE 3 {TERTIARY SYPHILIS }

LESS COMMON SYMPTOMS INCLUDE

• The symptoms of tertiary syphilis can

 The bacteria can enter one's body if he/she

• Primary Option: Penicillin G Benzathine 2.4 million units intramuscularly

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