Oral CNC Lecture Vinh

NONG LAM
UNIVERSITY
Faculty of Engineering and
Technology
Course
:
CAD/CAM,
CNC
Teacher:
PhD. Duy-Vinh
Dao
HCM City, 2023

CAD/CAM CNC Techniques
1 Introduction
1
Introduction
2 Turning CNC machine
5 2
Topic Turning CNC
Research
Contents
Conclusion machine
3 Milling CNC machine
4
CAD/CAM 3 4 CAD/CAM software
Milling CNC
Machine
5 Topic research
Nội dung và phương pháp đánh giá người học
Điểm Thành phần quá trình 40%:

 Điểm danh tại lớp: 10% (đi học đủ: 9đ, Phát biểu +1điểm)
 Bài tập về nhà: 10% ( hoặc kiểm tra giữa kỳ)
 Thi thực hành: 20%
Điểm thi cuối kỳ 60%:
 Đề thi tự luận, thời gian 60 phút, gồm 4 câu hỏi.
Ghi chú: Sinh viên chỉ qua môn khi điểm thi cuối kỳ > = 4.
Nếu <4 , điểm quá trình sẻ tính bằng điểm thi = rớt môn
Tài liệu tham khảo
1 Introduction
1
Introduction
5 2
Topic Turning CNC
Research
Contents
Conclusion machine
4
Milling CNC
Machine
5 Topic research
Introduction What is the Numerical Control (NC) ?
Numerical Control can be defined as an operation of

machine tools by means of specifically coded
instructions to the machine control system
What are the main advantages of numerical control?

 Setup time reduction
 Lead time reduction
 Accuracy and repeatability
 Contouring of complex shapes
 Simplified tooling and work holding
 Consistent cutting time
 General productivity increase
Introduction History of CNC Machine
The history of CNC (computer numerical control) machines
The first CNC machine was developed in the late 1950s by John T. Parsons. The machine used
punched tape to input the cutting instructions, and was primarily used for manufacturing
aircraft components.
The first CNC machines were introduced, which used a computer to control the machine tool, In
the late 1960s . This allowed for much greater precision and speed, as well as the ability to
produce complex shapes and patterns with ease.
1970s and 1980s: Integration of CAD/CAM Systems
1990s and 2000s: Miniatuzation and Cost reduction
Today: Advances in controls and software, wide range of industries, and their continued
development and advancement will shape the future of manufacturing.
Introduction Introduction to CNC technology
NC: Nummerical Controlled manufacture

DNC: Distributed Nummerical control
MDE/BDE: Machine Data Acquisition
CNC: Computer NC manufacture
FMC: Flecxible Manufacturing Cell
FMS: Flecxible Manufacturing System
CAD/CAM: Computer-aided Design/
Computer-aided Manufacture
CAQ: Computer-Intergrated Quality Control
CIM: Computer Intergrated Manufacture
Introduction Safe condition in the CNC machine
 Machine guarding: should be installed around the moving parts of a CNC

machine.
 Emergency stop: easily accessible, allows the operator to quickly stop the
machine in the event of an emergency.
 Personal protective equipment: can include gloves, safety glasses, hearing

protection, and other equipment as necessary.
 Training: Operators should receive training on the safe use of the CNC
machine, including proper procedures for starting and stopping the machine,
as well as emergency procedures.
 Maintenance: can include cleaning, lubrication, and inspection of the

machine’s components.
 Machine accessibility: should be controlled through locks, keycards, or other

methods
Introduction Moniting the enviromentin the CNC machine
 Temperature: Affecting the accuracy of the machine.
 Humidity: Affect the accuracy of electronic components.

Necessary to keep the levels in a safe range.
 Dust and debris: Affecting the accuracy of its movements and the quality of
the finished product.
 Vibration: Vibration can affect the accuracy of a CNC machine and cause
premature wear on its components.
 Power fluctuations: Power fluctuations can affect the accuracy of a CNC

machine and cause damage to its electrical
components.
Introduction Some types of the CNC machine
Lathe Mill Grind Electric Discharge
Plasma Cutting
Water jet or Laser Cutting Router
Welding Punch Presses Bending

Introduction Lathe CNC Machine
In CNC Turning, the machine used which is generally a CNC shaping machine feeds the
cutlery while on motion (linear) on the surface of the work piece which is rotating, resulting
in removal of material from the circumference of the work piece till the specified diameter
is achieved, to provide cylindrical elements with external and internal options, like slots,
tapers, and threads.
Introduction CNC Milling Machine
CNC Milling could be a machining method that employs rotating multi-point cutting tools to
get rid of material from the piece of work. In this process of CNC Milling, the CNC machine
usually works the work piece within the same direction as of the cutlery the reason being the
cutting tool’s rotation, whereas when compared to the manual edge the machine works the
work piece to the way which is away from the cutting tool’s rotation.
Introduction Grinding CNC Machine
Grinding CNC machines are precision performance tool which use a rotating wheel for
cutting the metal away from metal. Generally Grinding CNC machines were used for ball
bearings, camshafts, transmission shafts and several of other working pieces which need a
correct and accurate finish.
Introduction CNC Electric Discharge Machine
CNC electric Discharge machines have advantage of these features by designing controlled
sparks for reshaping materials. The materials are placed in between the bottom and top of
electrode and then the computer decide the amount of electrical discharge produced by the
electrodes.
Introduction Plasma Cutting CNC Machine
Plasma cutting CNC machines are used for cutting materials by the use of plasma torch.
They perform the cutting by electrically conductive materials with the use of an accelerated
steam of hot plasma. Plasma cutting CNC machines feature high powered torch which is
able to cut within the rough materials like metal.
Introduction Laser Cutting CNC Machine
Laser cutting CNC machine generally uses any one of these lasers which is CO2, Yttrium
aluminum garnet and neodymium. These machines are generally designed for cut through
hard materials, for performing the cutting task they uses a laser in place of plasma torch.
Lasers used by these machines have a very high degree of accuracy but they are less effective
than plasma torches.
Introduction Router CNC Machine
Router CNC machine work like other CNC machines work such as milling or lathe. The main
difference between Router CNC machine and other machines is that Router CNC machines is
that they are hand held routers which is used for all the carpenter works manually like door
craving, interior, exterior decoration, signboards, wood panels, molding, wood frames,
furniture, musical instruments and many more.
Introduction Welding CNC Machine
Welding CNC machine is an automated system that carries out very complex interrelated
tool actions in a pre-programmed sequence, for the fabrication of items to extremely
exacting standards.
Introduction Punch presses CNC Machine
Punch presses CNC machine is a sheet metal manufacturing process that is carried out by
CNC punch presses. These machines can be either a single head and tool rail (Trumpf) design
or multi-tool turret design. The CNC punching machine is basically programmed to move a
sheet of metal in an x and y direction so as to accurately position the sheet under the
machine’s punching ram ready to punch a hole or form.
Introduction Bending CNC Machine
Bending CNC machine is a manufacturing process that is carried out by CNC press
brakes (also known as CNC brake presses). These machines can bend sheet metal work from
just a few mm across to sections many metres long on the largest industrial machines.
Introduction Coordinate system definition
M machine zero point
W Wort part zero point
R Reference point
E tool reference point
B tool setup point
A tool shank point
N tool change point
Types of zero and reference point

Example
Introduction Tools using on the CNC machine
(a) (f)
Less than 35o

(b) (g)
35o-40o (h)
(c)
(k)
(d)
Oil Oil out
(e) Chip
(l)
Some type of tool using on the CNC machine

CNC machine Tool parameter recommend
Cutting speed is a measurement of the distance (in feet or meters)

that the circumference of the work passes the cutting tool in one
minute.
Feed is the distance the tool moves along the work during each
revolution of the spindle.
Setting parameters for a CNC (computer numerical control) tool involves adjusting
several factors to optimize the tool's performance.
Select the correct tool: Choose the appropriate tool for the job, taking into
consideration the type and thickness of the material to be cut.
Adjust speed and feed rate: The speed at which the tool rotates (spindle speed) and
the rate at which it moves into the material (feed rate) will impact the tool's
performance and the quality of the cut. The manufacturer of the tool or the CNC
machine should have recommendations for the appropriate speed and feed rate
based on the material and tool being used.
Set the depth of cut: The depth of cut will determine how much material is removed
with each pass of the tool. This should be set according to the thickness of the
material and the desired level of precision.
Set the tool offset: The tool offset is the distance between the center of the tool and
the surface of the material. This should be set to ensure the tool is centered over the
material and cuts accurately.
Set the tool compensation: Some CNC machines allow for tool compensation, which
adjusts the position of the tool to account for wear or other factors that can impact
the tool's accuracy. This should be set to ensure the tool cuts accurately over the life
of the tool.
Test and verify: Once the parameters have been set, the tool should be tested to
verify that it is cutting accurately and to make any necessary adjustments.
Overall, setting parameters for a CNC tool requires careful consideration of the tool,
material, and desired outcome. By following these steps, the tool can be optimized
for maximum performance and accuracy.
1 Inch = 25.4 mm
1 feet = 304.8 mm
CNC machine Positioning control systems
Ball screw
Bài tập ứng dụng
 Cho hệ 1 trục của máy phay CNC như hình sau
Cho biết: động cơ quay 1 bước là 1,80; tỉ số truyền của hộp số

là 5, tỉ số truyền đai là 5, vít me có bước ren m=2 mm.
a, Tìm BLU của hệ ở hình trên là bao nhiêu?
b, Khi động cơ quay với tốc độ 50 vòng/ phút
Hỏi tốc độ bàn máy là bao nhiêu?
Sinh viên giải bài tập 1
CNC machine Tool changers
Tool magazines
store tools in
pockets
Some types of tool maganize

CNC machine Machine Control Unit (MCU)
MCU controller brands and models

• Power on/off buttons
• Emergency stop button
• Feed and speed override knobs
• Load meters
• Manual pulse generator
• Keyboard pad
• Feed hold button
• Cycle start button
• Axis select knobs
• Miscellaneous function switches
• Tool select/clamp switch
• CRT screen
CNC machine Feature of CNC Machine
Feature Description
ON / OFF
Power and control switch for the main power and control unit
switch
Cycle Start Starts program execution or MDI command
Emergency Stop Stops all machine activity and turns off power to the control unit
Feedhold Temporarily stops motion of all axes
Single Block Allows program run one block at a time
Optional Stop Temporarily stops program execution (M01 required in program)
Block Skip Ignores blocks preceded with a forward slash ( / ) in the program
Dry Run Enables program testing at fast feedrates (without a mounted part)
Spindle Override Overrides programmed spindle speed, usually within 50-120% range
Feedrate Override Overrides programmed feedrate, usually within 0-200% range
Chuck Clamp Shows current status of the chuck clamping (Outside / Inside clamping)
Feature Description
Table Clamp Shows current status of table clamping
Coolant Switch Coolant control ON / OFF / AUTO
Gear Selection Shows current status of working gear range selection
Indicates spindle rotation direction (clockwise or
Spindle Rotation
counterclockwise)
Spindle Orientation Manual orientation of the spindle
Tool Change Switch allowing a manual tool change
Switches and lights relating to setup of machine, from reference
Reference Position
position
Manual Pulse Generator (MPG),used for Axis Select and Handle
Handle (MPG)
Increment switches
Tailstock Switch Tailstock and/or quill switch to manually position the tailstock
Indexing Table Switch Manually indexes machine table during setup
MDI Mode Manual Data Input mode
Feature Description
AUTO Mode Allows automatic operations
MEMORY Mode Allows program execution from memory of the CNC unit
TAPE / EXT Allows program execution from an external device, such as
or DNC Mode a desktop computer (DNC) or a punched tape
Allows changes to be made to a
EDIT Mode
program stored in CNC memory
MANUAL Mode Allows manual operations during setup
JOG Mode Selects jog mode for setup
RAPID Mode Selects rapid mode for setup
Memory Access Key (switch) to allow program editing
Error Lights Red light indicating an error
CNC machine Symbol
Symbol Description Comment

. Decimal point Fractional part of a number
+ Plus sign Positive value or addition sign in Fanuc macros
- Minus sign Negative value or subtraction sign in Fanuc macros
* Multiplication sign Multiplication sign in Fanuc macros

/ Slash (front slash) Block skip function symbol or division sign in Fanuc macros
() Parenthesis Program comments & messages
% Percent sign Stop code (end of program file)
: Colon Program number designation (rare)
, Comma Used only within comments
[] Brackets Calculations in Fanuc macros
; Semicolon Non programmable End-Of-Block symbol (screen display only)
# Sharp sign Variable definition or call in Fanuc macros
= Equal sign Equality symbol in Fanuc macros
CNC machine G-code
G
Description
code
G00 Rapid positioning
G01 Linear interpolation
G02 Circular interpolation clockwise (CW)
G03 Circular interpolation counterclockwise (CCW)
G04 Dwell - as a separate block only
G09 Exact stop check - one block only
G10 Programmable data input - Data Setting
G11 Data Setting mode cancel
G15 Polar Coordinate Command cancel
G16 Polar Coordinate Command
G17 XY-plane designation
G18 ZX-plane designation
G19 YZ-plane designation
G20 Imperial units of input
G21 Metric units of input
CNC machine G-code
G code Description
G22 Stored stroke check ON
G23 Stored stroke check OFF
G25 Spindle speed fluctuation detection ON
G26 Spindle speed fluctuation detection OFF
G27 Machine zero position check
G28 Machine zero return (reference point 1)
G29 Return from machine zero
G30 Machine zero return (reference point 2)
G31 Skip function
G40 Cutter radius compensation cancel
G41 Cutter radius compensation - left
G42 Cutter radius compensation - right
G43 Tool length compensation - positive
G44 Tool length compensation - negative
G45 Position compensation - single increase
CNC machine G-code
G code Description
G46 Position compensation - single decrease
G47 Position compensation - double increase
G48 Position compensation - double decrease
G49 Tool length offset cancel
G50 Scaling function cancel
G51 Scaling function
G52 Local coordinate system setting
G53 Machine coordinate system
G54 Work coordinate offset 1
G60 Single direction positioning
CNC machine G-code
G
Description
code
G61 Exact stop mode
G62 Automatic corner override mode
G63 Tapping mode
G64 Cutting mode
G65 Custom macro call
G66 Custom macro modal call
G67 Custom macro modal call cancel
G68 Coordinate system rotation
G69 Coordinate system rotation cancel
G73 High speed peck drilling cycle (deep hole)
G74 Left hand threading cycle
G76 Fine boring cycle
G80 Fixed cycle cancel
G81 Drilling cycle
G82 Spot-drilling cycle
CNC machine G-code
G code Description
G83 Peck-drilling cycle (deep hole drilling cycle)
G84 Right hand threading cycle
G85 Boring cycle
G86 Boring cycle
G87 Back boring cycle
G88 Boring cycle
G89 Boring cycle
G90 Absolute dimensioning mode
G91 Incremental dimensioning mode
G92 Tool position register
G98 Return to initial level in a fixed cycle
G99 Return to R-level in a fixed cycle
CNC machine Safety rule
The first rule of safety is to

follow all safety rules
1 Introduction
1
Introduction
5 2 Turning CNC machine
Topic
2
Turning CNC
Research
Contents
Conclusion machine
4
Milling CNC
Machine
5 Topic research
CNC Lathe Accessories: CHUCK CONTROL
Gá phôi
CW
Ổ dao
Ụ động
CCW
CW= M03 CCW= M04

CNC Lathe Accessories: TAILSTOCK AND QUILL
Lathe cycles: G90- STRAIGHT CUTTING CYCLE
Lathe cycles: G90- TAPER CUTTING CYCLE
Example of G90 cycle

in straight cutting
Lathe cycles: G90- STRAIGHT CUTTING CYCLE
Example of G90 cycle

in straight cutting
Lathe cycles: G90 - TAPER CUTTING CYCLE
Lathe cycles: G90- TAPER CUTTING CYCLE
Example of G90 cycle in taper cutting

Lathe cycles: G90 - TAPER CUTTING CYCLE
Example of G90 cycle in taper cutting

Lathe cycles: G94 - FACE CUTTING CYCLE
Lathe cycles: Multiple relatitive cycles
Lathe cycles: G71 – STOCK REMOVAL IN TURNING
G71 Cycle format for – 6T/10T/11T/15T G71 Cycle format for – 0T/16T/18T/20T/21T
G71 U...R...;
G71 P...Q...I...K...U...W...D...F...S...; G71 P...Q...U...W...F...S...;
G71 for External Roughing

G71 for Internal Roughing

Lathe cycles: G72 – STOCK REMOVAL IN FACING
G72 W...R...;
G72 P...Q...I...K...U...W...D...F...S...; G72 P...Q...U...W...F...S...;
Lathe cycles: G72 – STOCK REMOVAL IN FACING
Lathe cycles: G73 – PATTERN REPEATING CYCLE
G73 Cycle format for – 0T/16T/18T/20T/21T

G73 U...W...R...;
G73 Cycle format for – 6T/10T/11T/15T G73 P...Q...U...W...F...S...;
G73 P...Q...I...K...U...W...D...F...S...;
G70 Cycle for all format
G70 P...Q...F...S...;
Lathe cycles: G74 – PECK DRILLING CYCLE
G74 X...Z...I...K...U...W...D...F...S...; G74 R...;

G74 X...Z...P...Q...R...F...S...;
Or
Or
G74 U...W...I...K...U...W...D...F...S...; G74 R...;
G74 U...W...P...Q...R...F...S...;
Lathe cycles: G75 – GROOVE CUTTING CYCLE
G75 X...Z...I...K...D...F...S...; G75 R...;

G75 X...Z...P...Q...R...F...S...;
Or
Or
G75 U...W...I...K...D...F...S...; G75 R...;
G75 U...W...P...Q...R...F...S...;
Lathe cycles: PRECISION GROOVING TECHNIQUES
1 Introduction
1
Introduction
5 2
Topic Turning CNC
Research
Contents
Conclusion machine
4
CAM 3 4 CAM by software
Milling CNC
Machine
5 Topic research
CNC Milling: Introduction to CNC technology
CNC vertical milling machine



CNC Milling Accessories: Work-holding mechanisms
Can rotate 360o
In the horizontal plane
Milling machine vise Swivel base and vise
Can rotate:
90o in the vertical plane
360o in the horizontal plane
V-Block and a strap clamp

Univer angle milling vise
Be supported in the bottom

Work pieces move under pressure of
the cutting fores
In the center
The piece to loosen up ?
Clamping Sets
Direct Clamping using strap It is used to align the work as

clamps-Notice well as prevent the part from
slipping
Close to workpiece Correct Incorrect

Clamp stud
shims
Use shims with
Correct Incorrect
finished surfaces
Angling clamps Correct Incorrect
Correct Incorrect
Place support parallels directly

under clamps
The correct and incorrect direct clamping practices

(a) (b) (c)
(d) (e) (f)
Fig 1. các dụng cụ dùng ghá phôi gia công trên máy phay cnc
Loại Máy
#60: rất lớn
#50: vừa
#40: nhỏ
#30: rất nhỏ
Lò xo
Thanh kéo
Kẹp
Núm giữ
Trục chính
Cổ
Fig 2. Dụng cụ giữ dao trên máy phay CNC

Dao phả mặt
Phả mặt
Phá thô Gia công ren
Phay rảnh
Phả mặt Phả mặt
Fig 3. Một số loại dao hay dùng trên máy phay CNC
Fig 4. Một số loại chip hay dùng gắn trên dao trong gia công
Fig 5. Bàn để dao

Fig 6. Gia công ren
Các hình dạng mũi phay ngón
Y Z
2. TỌA ĐỘ TRÊN MÁY PHAY
HỆ TRỤC TỌA ĐỘ Descartes:

Xác định trục di chuyển trên máy CNC
Qui tắt bàn tay phải: qui ước chiều máy CNC
 Lòng bàn tay quay về phía người vận hành
 Ngón tay trỏ chỉ chiều dương trục Y
 Ngón tay cái chỉ chiều dương trục X
 Ngón giữa chỉ chiều dương trục Z
Hệ tọa độ Đề-các 2D
1. Tọa độ Đề - các tuyệt đối: X, Y, Z. Câu lệnh: G90 X Y Z
2. Tọa độ Đề - các tương đối: U, V, W. Câu lệnh: G91 X Y Z
P2 Ví dụ
P1 P1 X = 80 Y = 40
P2 X = -80 Y = 70 / U = -160
P3 X = -50 Y = -40 / U = 30 V
X
P4 X = 40 Y = -70 / U = 90 V=
P3
P4
101



3. CÁCH VIẾT KHỐI LỆNH: (gồm 1 câu lệnh hay nhóm câu lệnh)
1. Bắt đầu bằng chữ N_: Số thứ tự câu lệnh trong chương trình.
VD: N1, N5, N10,…
2. Mã lệnh chuẩn bị G_
VD: G00, G01, G02,….
3. Tọa độ điểm tới: X_ Y_Z_
4. Mã lệnh F_ S_ T_: Chế độ cắt
F: Lượng tiến dao (m/phút)
S: Số vòng quay trục chính.
T: Gọi dao (chọn dao)
5. Mã lệnh M: Chức năng phụ (tưới nước làm mát, dừng chương trình)
VD: M08/M09: mở/tắt dung dịch tưới nguội
M30: dừng máy.
6. Dấu chấm phẩy: ; (kết thúc câu lệnh, xuống dòng)
7. Kết cấu một câu lệnh: N_ G_ X_ Y_Z_ F_ S_ T_ M_;
105
CNC Milling Accessories: G_ code
CNC Milling Accessories: G_ code
2. Kích thước phôi sử dụng môn học

2. Ví dụ vết dao sau khi phay
P3
P1
P2
P5 P4
P3
P1 P2

Hệ tọa độ Đề-các 3D
Z Y
P1
P2 Ví dụ
P1 X = 30 Y=2 Z
=0
P2 X = 30 Y=0 Z
= -10 112
Hệ tọa độ cực
1. Tọađộcựctuyệtđối: X, Y. Câulệnh: G16 G90 X Y
2. Tọađộcựctươngđối: X, Y. Câulệnh: G16 G91 X Y
Với X = r: Bán kính cực
Y = Góc cực
Góc cực.
r: Bán kính cực. 113
CNC Milling Accessories: G- code
Y
100
80
R20
60
20
X
Gia công phay chi tiết có kích thước như hình trên 116
Y
100
80
50
R15
R5
60
30
X
Gia công phay chi tiết có kích thước như hình trên 117
118
5. CHU TRÌNH KHOAN LỖ: G81/ G82/ G83
5.1 Chu trình khoan lỗ cạn: G81
Mã lệnh: G98/G99 G81 X_ Y_ Z_ R_ F_ ;
Với X_ Y_: Tọa độ lỗ khoan
R_: Cao độ mặt phẳng tham chiếu
Z_: Chiều sâu lỗ khoan
VÍ DỤ:
F: Lượng tiến dao
%O0100
G90 G80 G17 G40 G49 G54;
T1 M6;
G00 X0. Y0.;
M03 S500;
G43 H1 Z50.;
G1 Z10. F150;
G99 G81 X25. Y20. Z-10. R10.
F20.;
G80;
M05;
G91 G28 Z0.;
G91 G28 X0. Y0.;
M30;
129
%
5.2 Chu trình khoan lỗ tâm có thời gian dừng ở đáy lỗ: G82
Khoan với thời gian dao tạm dừng ở đáy lỗ. Dùng để khoan tâm, khoét
lỗ miệng… yêu cầu độ bóng ở đáy lỗ. Thường dùng khi cần lập trình tốc
độ trục chính chậm.
Mã lệnh: G98/G99 G82 X_ Y_ Z_ R_ P_F_ ; %O0110
Với X_ Y_: Tọa độ lỗ khoan G90 G80 G17 G40 G49 G54;
R_: Cao độ mặt phẳng tham chiếu T1 M6;
Z_: Chiều sâu lỗ khoan G00 X0. Y0.;
P_: Thời gian tạm dừng ở đáy lỗ (1000 = 1 giây) M03 S500;
G43 H1 Z50.;
F_: Lượng tiến dao
G1 Z10. F150;
G99 G82 X25. Y20. Z-5. R20.
P5000 F20.;
G80;
M05;
G91 G28 Z0.;
G91 G28 X0. Y0.;
M30;
%
130
5.3 Chu trình khoan có chế độ bẻ phoi: G83
Trên vật liệu cứng, giòn
Mã lệnh: G98/G99 G83 X_ Y_ Z_ R_ Q_F_ ;

Với X_ Y_: Tọa độ lỗ khoan
R_: Cao độ mặt phẳng tham chiếu VÍ DỤ:
Z_: Chiều sâu lỗ khoan %
Q_: Chiều sâu mỗi bước nhấn. O0111
F: Lượng tiến dao G00G90 G80 G17 G40 G49 G54;
T1 M6;
G00 X0. Y0.;
M03 S500;
G43 H1 Z50.;
G1 Z10. F150;
G99 G83 X25. Y20. Z-20. R20. Q5. F20.;
G80;
M05;
G91 G28 Z0.;
G91 G28 X0. Y0.;
M30;
%
131
Cấu trúc tổng quát
G90/G91 G98/G99 Gxx X_Y_Z_R_F_P_Q_K_;
G80;
Trong đó:
G90/G91 – tọa độ tuyệt đối / tọa độ tương đối
G98/G99 – chọn vị trí lùi dao sau khi gia công
Gxx – tên chu trình
X, Y – tọa độ tâm lỗ
Z – tọa độ chiều sâu của lỗ
R – cao độ an toàn
F – lượng chạy dao (bước tiến)
P – thời gian dừng ở đáy lỗ
Q – chiều sâu một lần khoan
K – số lần lập lại chu trình
G80 – Hủy bỏ chu trình
132
Đường chạy dao tổng quát khi gia công lỗ:
1. Di chuyển nhanh tới tâm lỗ ở vị trí xuất phát
2. Di chuyển nhanh tới vị trí an toàn
3. Di chuyển với bước tiến F để gia công tới đáy lỗ
4. Gia công tại đáy lỗ
5. Lui dao nhanh về vị trí an toàn (G99)
6. Hoặc lui nhanh về vị trí xuất phát (G98)
Lưu ý:
• Cao độ an toàn R và chiều sâu Z có thể tính theo tuyệt
đối hay tương đối.
• Tham số P được tính theo phần ngàn giây. VD:
P1000=1s.
• Tham số K được tính theo tương đối (G91). Nếu viết
theo tuyệt đối, máy sẽ gia công tại một vị trí K lần.
• Không được khai báo các lệnh di chuyển dao cơ bản
(G0, G1, G2, G3) xen giữa chu trình vì sẽ làm chu trì
nh bị hủy.
• Dùng lệnh G80 để hủy chu trình gia công lỗ khi gia
công hoàn tất.
133
5.4 Chu trình taro ren phải / ren trái: G84/G74
Mã lệnh: G98/G99 G84/G74 X_ Y_ Z_ R_ P_F_K_ ;

Với X_ Y_: Tọa độ lỗ taro.
R_: Cao độ mặt phẳng tham chiếu (an toàn)
Z_: Chiều sâu lỗ taro
F_: Lượng tiến dao (F = S x P)
P_: Thời gian dừng, tính bằng mili giây
K_: Số lần lập lại chu trình
Bước tiến dao F:

G94 : mm/phút F=SxP
S: Số vòng quay trục chính
P: Bước ren
G95 : mm/vòng F=P
Lưu ý: Sau khi sử dụng G95, phải hủy
lệnh G95 bằng lệnh G94
134
VÍ DỤ: Khoan lỗ, taro M10 x 1.5. VÍ DỤ 2: Khoan lỗ, taro M10 x 1.5.
Dùng G94 Dùng G95
% O1001 % O1001
G90 G80 G17 G40 G49 G54; G90 G80 G17 G40 G49 G54;
T1 M6; (Khoan D8.5) T1 M6; (Khoan D8.5)
G00 X0. Y0.; G00 X0. Y0.;
M03 S500; M03 S500;
G43 H1 Z50.; G43 H1 Z50.;
G1 Z10. F150; G1 Z10. F150;
G99 G83 X25. Y20. Z-20. R20. Q5. G99 G83 X25. Y20. Z-20. R20. Q5.
F20.; F20.;
G80; G80;
M5; M5;
T2 M6; (Taro M10x1.5) T2 M6; (Taro M10x1.5)
G00 X0. Y0.; G00 X0. Y0.;
M03 S200; M03 S200;
G43 H2 Z50.; G43 H2 Z50.;
G99 G84 X25. Y20. Z-20. R20. G99 G95 G84 X25. Y20. Z-20. R20.
P1000 F300.; P1000 F1.5;
G80; G80 G94;
M05; M05;
G91 G28 Z0.; G91 G28 Z0.;
G91 G28 X0. Y0.; G91 G28 X0. Y0.;
M30; % M30; % 135
Bảng tổng hợp các chu trình gia công lỗ
TT Chu trình
1 Chu trình khoan lỗ - G81
2 Chu trình khoan lỗ định tâm - G82
3 Chu trình khoan lỗ sâu với cơ chế bẻ phoi và lấy phoi ra - G83
4 Chu trình gia công ren phải/ trái - G84/ G74
5 Chu trình doa lỗ tinh - G85
6 Chu trình doa lỗ thô - G86
7 Chu trình gia công lỗ bậc - G87
8 Chu trình doa lỗ - G88
9 Chu trình doa lỗ - G89
136
1 Introduction
1
Introduction
5 2
Topic Turning CNC
Research
Contents
Conclusion machine
4
Milling CNC
Machine
5 Topic research
Mastercam: Contour toolpath
Mastercam: Facing toolpath
Mastercam: Pocket and contour toolpaths
Mastercam: Surface Roughing
Mastercam: Surface Finishing
1 Introduction
1
Introduction
5 2
Topic Turning CNC
Research
Contents
Conclusion machine
4
Milling CNC
Machine
5 Topic research
 Improving the machine's linear resolution

 Speedy recalibration of volumetric envelope
 The increasing importance of condition monitoring
 Improving inertial response of slideway motion
 Thermal drift and damping improvements
 Ultra-high speeds for non-ferrous/metallic machining operations
 Increased productivity
 Minimal changes in material properties
 Distortion of workpiece reduced
 Burr-free improved finish
 Thin-section machining potential
 Tool life improvements
 Reduction in cutting tool varieties
 Fixturing of simpler design
%O0003
G91G28X0Y0Z0
O0002 G40G17G80G49
G91G28X0Y0Z0 T2M6
G40G17G80G49 G90G54
T2M6 G43H2Z20.000
G90G54 G0X0.000Y0.000S11000M3
G43H2Z20.000 G0X23.000Y30.000Z5.000
G0X0.000Y0.000S11000M3 G1Z-0.500F200.0
G0X17.000Y25.000Z5.000 G03X30.000Y23.000I7.000J0.000F800.0
G1Z-0.500F200.0 G03X37.000Y30.000I0.000J7.000
G1Y35.000F800.0 G03X30.000Y37.000I-7.000J0.000
G02X30.000Y48.000I13.000J0.000 G03X23.000Y30.000I0.000J-7.000
G1X70.000 G0Z5.000
G02X83.000Y35.000I0.000J-13.000 G0X47.000
G1Y25.000 G1Z-0.500F200.0
G02X70.000Y12.000I-13.000J0.000 G03X60.000Y17.000I13.000J0.000F800.0
G1X30.000 G03X73.000Y30.000I0.000J13.000
G02X17.000Y25.000I0.000J13.000 G03X60.000Y43.000I-13.000J0.000
G0Z5.000 G03X47.000Y30.000I0.000J-13.000
G28G91Z0 G0Z5.000
G28X0Y0 G28G91Z0
M30 G28X0Y0
Some topic research on the CNC technique

Oral CNC Lecture Vinh

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Oral CNC Lecture Vinh

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Oral CNC Lecture Vinh

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

NONG LAM

HCM City, 2023

Điểm Thành phần quá trình 40%:

Numerical Control can be defined as an operation of

What are the main advantages of numerical control?

The history of CNC (computer numerical control) machines

1970s and 1980s: Integration of CAD/CAM Systems

1990s and 2000s: Miniatuzation and Cost reduction

NC: Nummerical Controlled manufacture

 Machine guarding: should be installed around the moving parts of a CNC

 Personal protective equipment: can include gloves, safety glasses, hearing

 Maintenance: can include cleaning, lubrication, and inspection of the

 Machine accessibility: should be controlled through locks, keycards, or other

 Temperature: Affecting the accuracy of the machine.

 Humidity: Affect the accuracy of electronic components.

 Power fluctuations: Power fluctuations can affect the accuracy of a CNC

Lathe Mill Grind Electric Discharge

Welding Punch Presses Bending

M machine zero point

W Wort part zero point

E tool reference point

B tool setup point

A tool shank point

N tool change point

Types of zero and reference point

Less than 35o

Oil Oil out

Some type of tool using on the CNC machine

Cutting speed is a measurement of the distance (in feet or meters)

 Cho hệ 1 trục của máy phay CNC như hình sau

Cho biết: động cơ quay 1 bước là 1,80; tỉ số truyền của hộp số

Some types of tool maganize

MCU controller brands and models

Symbol Description Comment

* Multiplication sign Multiplication sign in Fanuc macros

The first rule of safety is to

5 2 Turning CNC machine

CW= M03 CCW= M04

Example of G90 cycle

Example of G90 cycle

Example of G90 cycle in taper cutting

Example of G90 cycle in taper cutting

G71 for External Roughing

G71 for Internal Roughing

G73 Cycle format for – 0T/16T/18T/20T/21T

G70 Cycle for all format

G74 X...Z...I...K...U...W...D...F...S...; G74 R...;

G75 X...Z...I...K...D...F...S...; G75 R...;

CNC vertical milling machine

CNC vertical milling machine

CNC vertical milling machine

Milling machine vise Swivel base and vise

V-Block and a strap clamp

Be supported in the bottom

Direct Clamping using strap It is used to align the work as

Close to workpiece Correct Incorrect

Angling clamps Correct Incorrect

Place support parallels directly

The correct and incorrect direct clamping practices

(d) (e) (f)