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18 views

Introduction EM Waves

Uploaded by

aberillakateen
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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You are on page 1/ 53

DIGOS CITY NATIONAL HIGH

SCHOOL

GRADE 10
SCIENCE
Prepared by:
Aengel F. Samoranos

1
Have you heard your favorite song played over the radio?

How about the voice of your friend calling through your


cellphone?
Have you watched your favorite movie/ teleserye in your
favorite channel?

How about cooking a snack using your microwave


oven?
Raise your hand if you…….

a. spend 1 - 2 hours in social media in a day


b. spend 2 hours or more using your cellphone in a day
c. watch NETFLIX on T.V
d. have cable connection at home
e. have experience X-Ray scan
f. experience sunburn
g. enjoy using automatic alcohol dispenser with thermometer
h. are annoyed with the thermal scanner in malls
i. believe that you will become Incredible Hulk if exposed to
Gamma Ray radiation
j. believe that without light we won’t be able to see
Electromagnetic
Waves
Review
: A wave is a temporary
disturbance that transfers
energy from one place to
another.
Review
Mechanical waves
:

Electromagnetic
Waves
Review
: Waves in water and sound waves in air are two
examples of mechanical waves.

Matter, such as solid, liquid or gas that mechanical


waves are traveling through is called a medium.
Review
: Electromagnetic waves, such as a visible light differ from
mechanical waves in that they do not require a medium
to propagate.

This means that electromagnetic waves can travel not


only through air and solid materials, but also through a
vacuum space.
Characteristics
EM waves of Waves
are transverse waves
Characteristics of
Waves

(A)

Amplitude(A) - height of a wave, usually


measured in meters (m).
Characteristics of
Waves
wavelength(λ)

wavelength (λ)
Wavelength(λ) - the distance between two
consecutive crests or troughs, and usually
measured in meters (m).
Characteristics of
Waves
wavelength(λ)

wavelength (λ)
Wavelength(λ) - the distance between two
consecutive crests or troughs, and usually
measured in meters (m).
Characteristics of
Waves Frequency (f)

Hertz = cycles per


f second
Hz= ( )

Frequency(f) - the number of waves passing a point in a


certain time. We normally use a time of 1 second, so this
gives frequency the unit hertz (Hz).
Characteristics of
Waves Frequency (f)

Frequency(f) - the number of waves passing a point in a


certain time. We normally use a time of 1 second, so this
gives frequency the unit hertz (Hz).
ELECTROMAGNETIC
WAVES
Most Essential Learning
Competency

Compare the relative


wavelengths of different forms of
electromagnetic wave. (S10FE-
IIa-b-47)
Objectives:
1. Trace the development of the electromagnetic
theory.

2. Describe how electromagnetic (EM) wave is


produced and propagated.

3. Solve problems using the wave formula.


Scientists who made significant
contributions in the development of
the study on the Electromagnetic
Wave.
Hans Christian
Ørsted (1777-1851)

In 1820, he showed how a


current carrying wire behaves like
a magnet.
André-Marie Ampère
(1775-1836)

In 1826, he demonstrated
the magnetic effect based
on the direction of current.
Michael Faraday
(1791-1867)

Formulated the principle


behind electromagnetic
induction.
James Clerk Maxwell
(1831-1879)

In 1873, he contributed in
developing equations
showing the relationship of
electricity and magnetism.
Heinrich Hertz
(1857-1894)

In 1886, he showed
experimental evidence of
electromagnetic waves and
their link to light.
How are EM
Waves
formed/produced
?
Electromagnetic waves are formed when
an electric field comes in contact with a
magnetic field.
Electricity and Magnetism can be static,
but changing magnetic field will induced
electric field and vise-versa.

These changing fields form


electromagnetic waves
The Electric and Magnetic Fields Together

A changing magnetic field


produces an electric field.

A changing electric field


produces a magnetic field.
The Electric and Magnetic Fields Together

Both the electric


field and the
magnetic field
oscillate
perpendicular to each
other and to the
direction of the
propagating wave.
All EM waves travel at constant
speed of 3x108 m/s in vacuum.
The Electromagnetic Wave Formula

Electromagnetic waves obey the following wave


formula:

Wave Speed = frequency x


wavelength
OR

v=fλ
The Electromagnetic Wave Formula

v=fλ
v is the wave speed, or c (speed of light) =
3X108 m/s

f is the frequency expressed in Hertz (Hz) or


cycles per second ( )

λ is the wavelength in meters (m)


The Electromagnetic Wave Formula

v=fλ
𝒗
𝒇 =
𝝀
𝒗
𝝀=
𝒇
Example problem no.
1
What is the frequency of radio waves with wavelength of 20m ?
(assume that the waves propagate in a vacuum)

Given: v= 3X108 λ= 20 m f=
m/s ?
Formula: v= fλ

Therefore: f= 3X108 m/s


20 m

f= 1.5 X107 Hz
Example problem no.
2 What is the wavelength of ultraviolet ray if its frequency is
4X1016 Hz ? Note: Assume that the waves propagate in a
vacuum.

Given: v= 3X108 f = 4X1016 λ=?


m/s Hz
Formula: v=λf

Therefore: λ = 3X108 m/s


4X1016 Hz

λ = 7.5X10-9 m
Electromagnetic Waves can be described in terms of a stream of mass-
less particles, called photons, each travelling in a wave-like pattern at
the speed of light.

Each photon contains a certain amount of


energy.
The different types of EM waves are defined by the amount of energy
found in the photons.
Where:
E=hf
E the energy of the photon absorbed or
emitted (given in Joules (J) or Electron Volts
(eV)

f Frequency of the photon given in Hertz (Hz)

h Planck’s constant 6.6261 x 10-34 J.s

Max Karl Ernst Ludwig


Planck
German Physicist
Example problem

An electromagnetic wave is producing a photon of energy 1.66 x


10-18 J.
a. What is the frequency of the electromagnetic wave?
b. What is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave?
c. What type of electromagnetic waves is this? (use the EM
spectrum below to answer this questions)
Example problem
An electromagnetic wave is producing a photon of energy 1.66 x
10-18 J.
a. What is the frequency of the electromagnetic wave?

Given: E= 1.66 x 10- h= 6.626 x 10- f=?


18
J 34
J.s
Formula: E=hf

Therefore: f f = 1.66 x 10-18 J


6.626 x 10-34 J.s

f = 2.5 x1015 s- or 2.5


x1015 Hz
Example problem
An electromagnetic wave is producing a photon of energy 1.66 x
10-18 J.
b. What is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave?

Given: f = 2.5 v = 3X108 λ=?


x1015 Hz m/s

Formula: v=λf

Therefore: λ = 3X108 m/s


2.5 x1015 s-

λ = 1.20 x10-7
m
Example problem
An electromagnetic wave is producing a photon of energy 1.66 x
10-18 J.
c. What type of electromagnetic waves is this? (use the chart below to
answer this questions)

λ = 1.20 x10-7 m

Ultraviolet
THANK YOU

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