THE POST INDEPENDENCE CRISES

PRESENTED
BY
S/SGT WEKESA ROBERT

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 THE POST INDEPENDENCE CRISES – (1964-71)

1964
 The rifts and suspicion between Obote and
Kakonge and the tactical exclusion of Kakonge
and his group.
 The referendum on the lost counties of
Buyaga and Bugangaizi put a wedge between
Obote and Mutesa.
 The mutiny of the army in East Africa.
 Violence and massacres-Nakulabye and Kisubi
Massacres.
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 1966
 Feb 1966 – motion moved in parliament by
Daudi Ocheing on gold scandal involving
Obote, Felix Orama and Amin - Obote denied.
 Obote promoted Amin to Maj Gen and made
him army commander.The five ministers i.e.
Grace Ibingira, Balaki Kirya, George Magezi, Dr
Lumu and Mathias Ngobi on Feb 22, 1966 for
supporting Ochieng’s motion.

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 cont:
 Apr 1966 – Pigeon hole constitution is
introduced where Mutesa is removed from
presidency, together with the vice President
(Nadiope).
 Buganda Lukiiko reacted by ordering Obote
and his governmentto vacate Buganda soils by
May 20, 1966.
 May 1966 – storming of the Kabaka’s palace at
Mengo and the Kabaka fled to London.

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 1967 - Obote introduced a unitary
constitution which abolished all
kingdoms and made Uganda a republic.
1969 - The common man’s charter
introduced and an attempt on Obote’s
life made.
1971 - Amin’s coup.

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 AMINS COUP AND EVENTS BETWEEN 1971 – 79

 Jan 1971 – Amin over threw Dr AM Obote

while attending a commonwealth
conference in Singapore.
 Amin gave various reasons to justify the coup;
i.e. they were the following:-
Save the country from bloodshed and
economic collapse.
Corruption.
Tribalism.

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• Disenfranchisement.
• Building a private army.
• Detaining people without trial.
• Imposing socialism.
• Dividing the army.
• Failing to contain robbery.
• Undermining the E.African community by
chasing Kenyan workers.
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Amin was received with a lot of
excitement and gave Ugandans some
hope by:
Making first cabinet composed of only
civilians.
He lifted state of emergency.
He released political detainees.
He returned body of Edward Mutesa.
Denationalization of foreign owned
companies.
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Events that followed:-1972
Expulsion of Asians (Economic war).
Extra judicial killings:- In the army -
against Acholi and Lango. In the
civilian population - Ben Kiwanuka,
Frank Kalimuzo, His wife Kay and
many other Ugandans

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Amin’s economic war crippled the economy
i.e.
Rise in inflation.
Shortage of basic commodities.
Emergency of Magendo economy – smuggling.
Mismanagement of enterprises.
Corruption.
Break down of services – education health and
infrastructure.

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 1975 - Land decree. It put land in the hands of
the government.
 1976 - Entebbe raid by Israelites as a result of
his involvement in the Israel – Palestine
conflict.
 1977 - Murder of Bishop Luwum and others.
 1978 - Annexation of Kagera salient to
Uganda.
 1979 - Overthrow of Amin by combined forces
of TPDF and Ugandan exiles.
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THE UNLF – 1979 – 80.
 Moshi conference -Tanzania.
 UNLF Government – Yusuf Lule as first
President replaced by Godfrey Binaisa after 68
days.
 Military commission headed by Paul Muwanga
overthrew Godfrey Binaisa.
 General elections were organised where DP,
UPC,UPM and CP participated.

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 General elections were held on 10th Dec
1980 with a lot of irregularities and vote
rigging by PAUL MUWANGA whereby UPC
under AM OBOTE is said to have won
elections. This prompted YK MUSEVENI to
go to the bush in 1981 to launch
NRA/NRM liberation struggle.

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 THE NRA/M LIBERATION STRUGGLE – 1981 –
86
 INTRODUCTION.The elections of 1980 were
rigged in favour of UPC.Museveni, with some
soldiers of the UNLA and few other people
decided to start a people’s protracted war in
order to continue the struggle for socio-
economic emancipation. The struggle under
the command of YK Museveni was launched
by attacking Kabamba barracks on 6 Feb 1981
with 27 rifles and around 41 men.
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CAUSES OF THE LIBERATION WAR
 Election rigging by UPC in form of overturning
the results from the electoral commission
where DP had won. This was done by C/Man
of military commission Paulo Muwanga on 11
Dec 1980.
 Arrest and detention of DP members denying
them to get nominated especially in W.Nile
and other parts of Uganda.

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Gross intimidation and harassment
of members of other parties other
than UPC.
Gross violation of human and
democratic rights.
The general underdevelopment of
the Ugandan society.

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 The 1962 constitution
This constitution had a lot of land marks.
 It subjected kabaka to elections
 Answered the question of the lost counties (Buyaga
and Bugangaizi)
 Obote leaving out kakonge as his secretary
 Obote become an executive prime minister and
Mutesa II ceremonial president
 Granting Uganda full self-government
The Union Jack was lowered down and the Uganda flag
was raised on (9th Oct 1962 with Obote as the first
Executive Prime Minister.
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 PEOPLES’ PROTRACTED WAR (Masses Vs the regime)
NRA/M opted for this strategy because of the
following reasons:
 To take advantage of political superiority Vs political
inferiority of the time.
 To mobilise educate, win over and maintain the support of
the masses in their own struggle.
Take time and recruit militants, train them,
gradually arm and consolidate their discipline as
people’s struggle.
To take time for combatants to gain experience
and harden; master the terrain; all for effective
encounters with the enemy.
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PEOPLES’ PROTRACTED WAR (Masses Vs
the regime) NRA/M opted for this
strategy because of the following
reasons:
 To take advantage of political superiority Vs
political inferiority of the time.
 To mobilise educate, win over and maintain
the support of the masses in their own
struggle.

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Take time wearing down the enemy.
To take time and address the challenge of
the balance of forces of the time, turning
military inferiority to military superiority
over time.
To take time and conduct diplomacy for
acceptability.
To develop cadres and leaders from among
the combatants.

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Protracted People’s Struggle succeeds when:
 The population is frustrated and tired of
oppression.
 Production is disrupted and there is economic
stagnation.

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 THE NRA/M STRUGGLE SUCCEEDED BECAUSE:
 The objective and subjective conditions were
ripe.
 The causes were just.
 It was well led.
 The enemy was weak.
 The country is small.
 Minimum of foreign interferences.
 Social economic geography was favourable
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0
 TEN POINTS PROGRAMME.
 Defending our national independence.
 Consolidating national unity.
 Consolidating democracy and constitutional
governance.
 Consolidating the hard won peace, security and
elimination of all forms of terrorism.
 Building an independent, integrated self- sustaining
national economy.
 Create regional co-operation and continuous
observance of human rights of all people.
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Consolidation of programmes which are
responsive to gender and marginalized
groups.
Environmental protection and
management.
Strengthening the capacity to fight
corruption and integrity building.
Preservation and development of our
cultures.
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 However when the NRM/A took over power in 1986,
later on some other programmes which needed
crucial attention were integrated into the ten points
programmes that included:
 Focusing on human resource development and
capacity building in private and public infrastructure.
 The financing of public infrastructure using internal
borrowing and creation of employment in the
country.
 Following the strategy of a mixed economy.

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 Resettlement of the displaced persons (IDPs)
and policy of disaster preparedness.
 The restoration, upgrading and the continuous
maintenance of infrastructure and other social
amenities.
 The above 10/15 point programmes can be
more highlighted when looking at or
discussing the achievements and challenges of
NRM.

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