BUREAU OF

CORRECTIONS
UNDER SECTION 36, CHAPTER 6, BOOK IV OF
EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 292
BUREAU OF PRISON

--When the Americans took over in the 1900s, the Bureau of Prisons was created
under the Reorganization Act of 1905 (Act No. 1407 dated November 1, 1905) as an agency
under the Department of Commerce and Police.

BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS

-- The Bureau of Prisons was renamed Bureau of Corrections under the New
Administrative Code of 1987 and Proclamation No. 495 issued on November 22, 1989. it is one
of the attached agencies of the Department of Justice. In the early days of the Bureau of
Corrections, penal institutions were established, closed or transferred to new sites.
--The Bureau of Corrections is an agency of the Department of Justice which is
charged with the custody and rehabilitation of national offenders, commonly known as
Persons Deprived of Liberty or PDL, who have been sentenced to three years of imprisonment
or more.
What is Correction?

--is branch of the criminal justice system concern with the custody, supervision and
rehabilitation of criminal offenders. It is the field of criminal justice administration, which
utilizes the body of knowledge and practice of the government and society in general involving
the processes of handing individual who have been convicted of offense for purposes of crime
prevention and control.
The agency operating units located nationwide, namely:

Bilibid Prison
is the first penal institution in the country. This facility was constructed in 1847, became
operational in 1865 and was formally opened on April 10, 1866 by a Royal Decree.
Its physical lay-out was in conformity with the dominant concept of design existing in Europe
during that time. It was perfectly a replication of Millbank Penitentiary where it was constructed in
a radial spoke of wheel, it has a central tower, and the brigadas (building) were made of strong
adobe stones. It was situated at the heart of the City of Manila but was later on transferred to the
Muntinlupa following the inevitable development of the area for commercial purposes.
 --In addition, the Bilibid Prison in Manila has become overcrowded due to the
considerable increase in prison population. A 1969 Senate report prepared by Senator Salvador
Laurel described the Old Bilibid Prison as the “main insular penitentiary designed to house the
prison population of the country. This prison was known as the “Carcel y Presidion Correccional”
and could accommodate 1,127 prisoners. The Carcel was designed to house 600 prisoners who
were segregated according to class, sex, and crime while the Presidio could accommodate 527
prisoners. The Bureau of Prisons had a ship, the BUPRi, that transported goods and prisoners to
all penal establishments in the country.

--In 1936, the City of Manila exchanges its Muntinlupa property with the Bureau of
Prisons originally intended as a site for boys’ training school. Today, the old Bilibid Prison is now
being used as the Manila City Jail, famous as the “ May Halique Estate”.

New Bilibid Prison

--The New Bilibid Prison is officially the “National Penitentiary” as provided in the Revised
Penal Code (Art. 84). Being the main prison, it receives all commitment of convicted person
from all parts of the Philippines after being sentenced by the respective courts, it also houses
most of the maximum security prisoners.
 Two (2) satellite camps aside from maximum security camp
– The Bukang Liwayway Camp (Minimum Security Camp) housed inmates, which has six
months or less to stay and they will be released and

-- The Sampaguita Camp (Medium Security Camp) which housed offenders sentenced to
not more than 20 years.

The New Bilibid Prison, which is 587 hectares was constructed in 1936 and formally opened
in 1940. It became the New Bilibid Prison (NBP) while the one left behind in Manila was
renamed the Old Bilibid Prison to avoid confusion and became the seat of the Manila City Jail
until this day.
3. IWAHIG PENAL COLONY
Before the construction of San Ramon Prison, the Americans established in 1904 the
Iuhit Penal Settlement or now known as the Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm on a vast reservation
of 28,072 hectares. It would reach a total land area of 40,000 hectares in the late 1950s. The
area was expanded to 41,007 hectares by virtue of executive Order No. 67 issued by Governor
Newton Gilbert on October 15,1912. This is minimum security or open institution.
 --This is located in Puerto Princesa, Palawan. The main colony is at the Sta. Lucia
sub-colony (9,865), with Inagawan (13,000), Montible (8,000) and Central (14,700) sub-
colonies. The “Tagumpay Settlement” (1,000 hectares of land) which is the portion of the
colony, is divided into 6 hectares homestead parcel lots, and released to the inmates who wants
to live in the settlement with his family will awarded to him.
--The establishment of this facility was made on the suggestion of Governor Luke E
Wright who felt the need for an institution designed for incorrigible offenders. The institution
had for its first Superintendent Lt. George Wolfe, a member of the U.S. expeditionary force, who
later became the first prison’s director.

SAN RAMON PRISON AND PENAL FARM

--About 4 years later after the formal opening of Old Bilibid Prison, on August 21, 1870,
San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm was established to confine Muslim rebels and recalcitrant
political prisoners opposed to the Spanish rules.
--The facility, which faced the Jolo Sea, had Spanish-inspired dormitories and was
originally set on 1,414-hectare sprawling estate. The biggest source of income of the Bureau of
Correction came from this colony. It was named in memory of its founder, Ramon Blanco, a
Spanish Captain in the Royal Army. It was closed during the Spanish-American War of 1898.
 CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION FOR WOMEN
--With the approval of Act. No. 3579, on November 27, 1929, the Correctional
Institution for Women also known as the 20 Correctional Women’s Institution was established in
1931 on an 18 hectares parcel of land located at Welfareville, Mandaluyong. Metro Manila.
Before the establishment of this institution, women prisoners were confined in portion of the
Bilibid Prison. In 1934, the position of female Superintendent was created to superintend the
operations of this penal facility. Today, the institute is run entirely by female personnel with the
exception of the perimeter guards who are male.

INMATE RECEPTION & EDUCATION CENTER

--Formerly known as Inmate Reception and Diagnostic Center (IRDC) situated inside the
Sampaguita Camp. This was established by virtue of Administrative Order # 11 by the
Secretary of Justice in 1953. This is a separate institution which serve as a place where
scientific diagnostic study and analysis of the prisoner’s personal problem, criminal or non-
criminal background, as well as the possibilities of his rehabilitation by a team of experts, are
studied, evaluated and the program of activities he will follow when he is transferred to the
prison institution he is assigned in accordance with the classification he is classified – whether
as maximum, medium or minimum security prisoner.
DAVAO PENAL COLONY
--The Davao Penal Colony with an area of 18,000 hectares is located at Panabo, and Kapalong (2
sub-colonies) Towns, Davao del Norte. This was opened and established in January 21, 1932 by virtue of the
same that established New Bilibid Prison, Republic Act No. 3732 and Proclamation No. 414. The colony
housed both medium and minimum security prisoners who work in the abaca, banana and other plantations
under armed escorts. It was Retired General Paulino Santos who led the first contingent of prisoners who
were placed in this institution. During World War II, the colony was used by the Japanese Imperial
Forces as internment and concentration camp for captured American Prisoners of War (POW). The prisoners
who were destined here were transferred by the Japanese to the Inagawan sub-colony of Iwahig Penal
Colony. Before the Japanese left the facility due to the return of the Americans, they destroyed all its
buildings, machineries and industries. By August 1946, the colony was able to re-establish its pre-war status.
At present, the colony, houses medium and minimum security prisoners. Like Iwahig Penal Colony, it has
also a Settlement Site for released prisoners who wish to stay in the colony, the so-called Tanglaw
Settlement. This is the first penal settlement founded and organized under the Filipino administration.

Correctional Institution Women in Mindanao (CIW Mindanao)

Located at Juan Acenas Sub-Colony, in Sto. Tomas, Davao del Norte is now accepting female
inmates coming from all over the Mindanao region. The CIW Mindanao is a milestone project, the first facility
to be established outside of Luzon after 70 years. The plan to establish a Correctional Institution for Women
in Mindanao came from the initiative of the gender advocacy of the Women Network group (WOMYNET) and
other women organization in Davao City. On September 18, 2007 it was finally inaugurated.
SABLAYAN PENAL COLONY
With an area of 16,408.5 hectares, it is located in the Municipality of Sablayan,
Occidental Mindoro was opened on September 26, 1954 by virtue of Proclamation No. 72. The
rationale for its opening and establishment was the overcrowding of the New Bilibid Prison. The
first contingent of prison personnel and prisoners were drawn from the Iwahig Penal Colony.

LEYTE REGIONAL PRISON

this was built by the Bureau of Prisons in Abuyog, Leyte on January 16, 1973 on the
orders issued under the Martial Law (Proclamation No. 1101 and Presidential Decree No. 28) by
President Ferdinand E Marcos.

FORT BONIFACIO PRISON

A committee report submitted to then President Carlos P Garcia described Fort
Bonifacio, formerly known as Fort William McKinley, as the military reservation located in
Makati, which was established after the Americans came to the Philippines. The prison was
originally used as a detention center for offenders of US military laws and ordinances. During
the administration of President Diosdado Macapagal, the Fort was renamed Fort Andres
Bonifacio. The correctional facility was also renamed as Fort Bonifacio Prison.
Two Approaches of Correction

1. Institutional Correction (Institution-based correction)

-- rehabilitation or correctional programs take place inside correctional facilities
or institutions such as national penitentiaries or jails.
2. Non-Institutional Correction (Community-based correction)
– rehabilitation or correctional programs take place within the community. In this
approach the convict will not be placed or be released from correctional facility or jails.

Concept of Penalty
--Penalty in general signifies pain; especially considered in judicial sphere, it means
suffering undergone because of the action of human society, by one who commits crime.

Punishment
-- is the redress that the state takes against an offending member of society that usually
involves pain and suffering. It is also the penalty imposed on an offender for a crime or
wrongdoing.
The justifications of punishment are:
1. Retribution
- meaning the punishment should be provided by the state whose sanction is violated, or
offenders should be punished because they deserve it.
2. Expiation or Atonement
- it is punishment in the form of group vengeance where the purpose is to appease the
offended public or group.
3. Deterrence
- punishment gives lesson to the offender by showing to others what would happen to
them if they violated the law.
4. Incapacitation and protection
- the public will be protected if the offender has being held in conditions where he
cannot harm others especially the public by placing him in a prison; and
5. Reformation or Rehabilitation
- it is the establishment of the usefulness and the responsibility of the offender to renew
him as a law-abiding citizen and productive member of the society upon his release.
Ancient Forms of Punishment
1. Death Penalty
– this was effected by burning, boiling in oil, breaking at the wheel.
2. Physical Torture
– this was the so-called corporal punishment w/, was effected by mutilation, maiming,
etc.
3. Social Degradation
– the purpose of this was to put up the offender to shame or humiliation. This was
effected by branding, use of ducking stool, pillory, etc.
4. Banishment
– this was sending or putting of an offender which was carried out either by a prohibition
against coming into a specified territory or prohibition against going outside a specified
territory, such as an island to where the offender has been removed.

Contemporary Forms of Punishment

1. Imprisonment
– putting the offenders in prison for purpose of protecting the public and at the same
time rehabilitating them by requiring the offenders to undergo institutional treatment program.
2. Parole
- it is a conditional release after the prison has serve part of his sentence and supervision
of a parole officer.
3. Probation
– a disposition whereby a defendant after conviction of an offense the penalty of which
does not exceed six years imprisonment is released subject to the conditions imposed by the
releasing court and under the supervision for a probation officer..
4. Fine
– an amount given as a compensation for a criminal act.
5. Destierro
--- the penalty of banishing a person from the place where he committed a crime,
prohibiting him to get near or enter the 25 kilometer perimeter.

Juridical Conditions of Penalty

1. Must be productive of suffering without however affecting the integrity of the
personality;
2. Must be commensurate with the offense of different penalties;
3. Must be personal, no one should be punished for the crime of others;
4. Must be legal, it is the consequence of judgment based of law;
5. Must be certain, no one may escape its effect;
6. Must be equal to all persons
7. Must be correctional

Duration of Penalties

1. Death Penalty – Capital punishment

2. Reclusion Perpetua – life imprisonment, a term of 20-40 yrs imprisonment
3. Reclusion Temporal – 12 yrs and 1 day to 20 years imprisonment
4. Prision Mayor – 6 yrs and 1 day to 12 years
5. Prision Correctional – 6 months and 1 day to 6 years
6. Arresto Mayor – 1 month and 1 day to 6 months
7. Arresto Menor – 1 day to 30 days
8. Bond to Keep the Peace – discretionary on the part of the court.
Schools of Taught in Correction (The Criminological Theories)
1. CLASSICAL THEORY
– the basis for the retributive and punitive aspect of punishment where it emphasizes that
the nature of punishment must be equal to the nature of crime. (“The Punishment must Fit the
Crime”)
2. NEO-CLASSICAL THEORY
– it supported the Classical Theory but it must be modified in consideration of the child
and lunatic individual.
3. POSITIVIST THEORY
– just like illness, man may be subjected to cure rather than punishing them for their
act. It is through this that the word CORRECTION & REHABILITATION considered as a means of
controlling the society’s anti-social act.
4. MODERN CLINICAL SCHOOL
– It studies the criminal rather than the crime. This school is interested primarily in the
personality of the criminal himself in order to determine the conditioning circumstances that
explain his criminality and in order to obtain light upon problem of how he should be handled.
Classification of inmates as to security risk
— An inmate shall be assigned to any of the following groups:

a. Maximum security
---This shall include highly dangerous or high security risk inmates as determined by the
Classification Board who require a high degree of control and supervision. Under this category
are —

I. those sentenced to death;

II. those whose minimum sentence is twenty (20) years imprisonment;
III. remand inmates or detainees whose sentence is twenty (20) years and above and those
whose sentences are under review by the Supreme Court or the Court of Appeals; iv. those
with pending cases;
IV. recidivists, habitual delinquents and escapees;
V. those confined at the Reception and Diagnostic Center ;
VI. those under disciplinary punishment or safekeeping: and
VII. those who are criminally insane or those with severe personality or emotional disorders
that make them dangerous to fellow inmates or the prison staff
b. Medium Security
— This shall include those who cannot be trusted in lesssecured areas and those whose
conduct or behavior require minimum supervision. Under this category are ;

I. those whose minimum sentence is less than twenty (20) years imprisonment;
II. remand inmates or detainees whose sentences are below twenty (20) years;
III. those who are eighteen (18) years of age and below, regardless of the case and sentence;
IV. those who have two (2) or more records of escapes. They can be classified as medium
security inmates if they have served eight (8) years since they were recommitted. Those with
one (I) record of escape must serve five (5) years; and
V. first offenders sentenced to life imprisonment. They may be classified as medium security
inmates if they have served five (5) years in a maximum security prison or less, upon
recommendation of the Superintendent. Those who were detained in a city and/or provincial jail
shall not be entitled to said classification.
 c. Minimum Security
— This shall include those who can be reasonably trusted to serve their sentence under
less rest ricted conditions. Under this category are ;

I. those with severe physical handicap as certified by the chief medical officer of the prison;
II. those who are sixty-five (65) years old and above, without pending case and whose
convictions are not on appeal;
III. those who have served one-half (1/2) of their minimum sentence or one-third (1/3) of their
maximum sentence, excluding Good Conduct Time Allowance (GCTA) as provided in Chapter 4,
Part Ill hereof; and
IV. those who have only six months more to serve before the expiration of their maximum
sentence.
Color of uniform as to security classification
The color of the uniform of an inmate shall be based on his security classification, as follows:
a. Maximum security — tangerine
b. Medium security — blue
c. Minimum security — brown
d. Detainee — gray
Classification of inmates as to entitlement to privileges - Inmates shall be
classified as follows to determine their entitlement to prison privileges:

a. Detainee;
b. Third Class inmate — one who has either been previously committed for three (3) or
more times as a sentenced inmate, except those imprisoned for nonpayment of a fine and
those who had been reduced from a higher class;
c. Second Class inmate — a newly arrived inmate demoted from first class; or one
promoted from the third class;
d. First Class inmate — one whose known character and credit for work while in
detention earned assignment to this class upon commencement of sentence; or one who has
been promoted from the second class;
Prison accommodations standards
a. All accommodations for the use of inmates shall meet requirements of sanitation and
hygiene with emphasis on adequate ventilation, living space and lighting.

b. Bathrooms and washing areas shall be provided in every prison facility.

c. All areas regularly used by inmates shall be properly maintained and kept clean at all
times.

d. Beds and clothing shall be neatly made up in a uniform manner at all times. Beds and
buildings occupied by inmates shall be thoroughly disinfected at least one a month.

e. Cleanliness shall be maintained art all times in all dormitories or cells specially toilet and
baths.
f. As often as it is necessary, an inmate shall send his dirty clothes to the laundry.

g. Every Sunday and Holiday, if weather permits, inmates will expose their clothes, beds,
bedding and so forth in the sunshine in an area designated for the purpose. Cleanliness of the
premises of the dormitories and their surroundings shall be strictly enforced. Littering is
prohibited.

h. Inmates shall be served meals three (3) times a day. Breakfast shall be served not more
than fourteen (14) hours after the previous day's dinner.
GROUP MEMBERS:
MADELO. BEA

CORDOVIZ,SCARLET

ALIMPAGO,JESABETH P.

ORONG. RHEA NIKKA

ADOBO, JOEL

PIMENTEL, ELVIN

QUEZADA, PATWEK

BANDOY,CHRISTIAN LOUIE