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Relative Clauses

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Elijah Adjei Boakye
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19 views

Relative Clauses

Uploaded by

Elijah Adjei Boakye
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RELATIVE

CLAUSES
LESSON OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson a student
will be able to:
a.Use defining relative clauses
b.Use non-defining relative clause
c.Practise using the correct
relative pronoun
Relative
Clauses are - “Peter is the student”+ “He
formed by comes from Glasgow”:
“Peter is the student WHO
joining 2 comes from Glasgow”.
sentences: - “The books are on the table” +
“They are mine”:
“The books WHICH are on
the table are mine”.
- “I’ve just met Tom” + “Tom
seems to be a nice guy”: “I’ve
just met Tom, WHO seems
to be a nice guy”
- “I’d love to visit London”+ “It
is a beautiful city”:
- “I’d love to visit London,
WHICH is a beatiful city”
Remember:
When we join 2
sentences with a
Relative Pronoun or
Adverb, we have to
omit the noun/
pronoun/ possessive
that the Relative
replaces (In the previous
sentences: He/
They/Tom /it)

Relative Clauses go
RIGHT AFTER the Noun
they modify.
1. Defining Relative Clauses

They define, give us essential information


about a general term or expression.
Defining Relative Clauses are not put in
commas:
- I talked to the man who gave you the news.
- I read the letter which came this morning.
(Which man ? The one who gave you the news.)
(Which letter? the one that arrived this
morning.)
Remember:
Use WHO to refer to
people and WHICH to
refer to animals,
things, …
“THAT” can replace
WHO and WHICH in
Defining Relative
Clauses :
Did you know the girl
WHO/THAT came to the
party yesterday?
The book WHICH/THAT
I’m reading is very
interesting.
OMISSION OF
WHO, WHICH WHO, WHICH and THAT
can be the Subject of
the Relative Clause:
AND THAT: - I’ve talked to the man
WHO sold me his car.
(Who replaces The man
and is the Subject of the
Clause “sold me his car”)
- The dog WHICH barks
every night is my
neighbour’s. (Which is the
Subject of the clause
“barks every night”)
They can also be the
Object or go after a
preposition:
- I loved the film (WHICH/
THAT) we saw last night.
- The man (WHO/THAT/
WHO) you mentioned is a
writer.
- I’ve found the keys for
(WHICH/THAT) I was
looking. => I found the keys
I was looking for.
- Who was the boy to (who)
you were talking? => Who
was the boy you were
talking to?

When The Relative is the


Object, it can be (and it is
usually) omitted in
Defining Relative Clauses.
Other
WHEN (THAT)
Relatives:

shows Time:
- I will never forget the day +
I met my best friend that day:
I’ll never forget the day
(WHEN/THAT) I met my
best friend.
(WHEN can also be
omitted in Defining
Relative Clauses).
WHERE
refers to Places:
-This is the hotel + We are
staying at the hotel next
weekend:
This is the hotel WHERE we
are staying next
weekend.
- The city is interesting +
my sister is living in the city:
The city WHERE my sister
is living is interesting.
WHOSE
shows Possession and it
replaces a Possessive
adjective or an ’s
possessive:
- The man was crying +
His house was on fire:
The man WHOSE house
was on fire was crying.
- Have you met the
people? + Their son is
moving to Washington:
Have you met the people
WHOSE son is moving
to Washington?
WHOM
is used instead of WHO in
Formal Speech when it is the
Object of the Relative Clause
or after a preposition:
- I couldn’t talk to a friend + I
called him last night: I
couldn’t talk to the friend
WHOM I called last night.
- I don’t know the student +
The teacher was shouting at
the student: I don’t know the
student at WHOM the
teacher was shouting.
2. Non-Defining Relative
Clauses
They give us more
(extra) information
about a person,
animal, thing, …
already identified ( by
a name, a possessive,
…). They go between
commas.
- Your brother, who gave
me the news, saw the
accident himself .
- I read Martin’s letter,
which was full of
gossip.
In Non-Defining Relative
Clauses we can’t use
THAT and we can’t omit
the Relatives:
-I liked Toy Story, which
I’ve seen recently. (not
“that”, no Omission)
-Shakespeare, whom you
just mentioned, is the
most famous British
playwright. (not “that”, no
Omission)
-I’ve found my keys,
which I had been
looking for. (not “that”,
no Omission)
Defining Remember:
or Non-
Defining? Defining Relative Clauses:
- Don’t take commas.
- “That” can replace Who,
Which and When.
- You can omit Who, Which,
When and That when they
are not the Subject of the
Relative Clause.

Non-Defining Relative
Clauses:
- Go between commas.
- You can’t use “That”.
- You can’t omit the Relatives.
Compare:
-The neighbours who
live next door are very
friendly.
-My neighbours, who
live next door, are …
- I enjoyed the film
(which/that) you
recommended.
- I enjoyed Little Miss
Sunshine, which you
recommended.

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