Basic CT training : D.A.S.

TSG

CT

Data Acquisition System

17 sheets
(das.ppt *C)

 Copyright Toshiba 1997 1

 Basic CT training : D.A.S.
TSG

CT

X-ray Tube Principle

Reference Detector
(Solid State)

Detector Array
(Xenon or Solid State)

Detector Electronics
control

Console
Reconstructor
Reconstructor

 Copyright Toshiba 1997 2

 Basic CT training : D.A.S.
TSG

CT

Xenon Detector (description)

• Is a metal housing filled with Xenon gas.
– (10 - 20 bar)

• In this housing are High Voltage plates and Signal plates.

• The gas inside the detector is ionized by the x-ray. Then a

small current flows from the HV plate to the signal plate.

• The detector housing is heated by a heater to 34 - 40 °C.

– The detector is less sensitive for variations in room temperature.

 Copyright Toshiba 1997 3

 Basic CT training : D.A.S.
TSG

CT

Xenon Detector (principle)

1 channel
(eg. 1 mm)
200V

Xenon-gas
Xenon-gasisis Xenon
ionized
ionizedby
by gas
the
theX-ray.
X-ray.

A A

Channel Output Channel Output

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 Basic CT training : D.A.S.
TSG

CT

Incident radiation
Xenon detector
(mech. 1/2)
Entrance window

Heater (34 °C / 40 °C)

Xenon gas (10 .. 20 bar)

High-Voltage electrode

Collector electrode

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 Basic CT training : D.A.S.
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CT

Xenon detector
(mech. 2/2)

100 .. 200V

Signal
1 .. 2 A

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 Basic CT training : D.A.S.
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CT

Xenon Detector : Problem causes.

• Variation in High Voltage (ripple, instable).

• Xenon gas leak.

• Moving plates inside detector.

• Internal disconnection.

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 Basic CT training : D.A.S.
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CT

Solid State Detector (SSD) (1/2)

x-ray

Collimator
External
to DDC

Plate
i

Sc
Collimator

in
Internal

til
la
to
r
ch x
ch x+1

light
ch x+2
ch x+3
ch x+4
TO

ch x+5

Photo diode
DD

ch x+6
C

ch x+7

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 Basic CT training : D.A.S.
TSG

CT

Solid State Detector (SSD) (2/2)

External
x-ray Collimator:
• Molybdenum
Collimator
Plate • 0.1mm thickness
• 1.028 pitch
• eliminate scatter
Scintillator:
to DDC • material is secret
Sc

• converts x-ray to visible light

in
til

• too much x-ray can change

la

i
to

the sensitivity
r

Internal
Collimator Photo diode:
• converts the visible light to
Light an electrical signal

 Copyright Toshiba 1997

Photo diode 9
 Basic CT training : D.A.S.
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CT

SSD versus Xenon Detector

+ SSD is more efficient.

(less dose , same output)

+ Less sensitive for vibration.

- Sensitive for too much dose.

(Change of sensitivity).

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 Basic CT training : D.A.S.
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CT

Reference Detector
• Solid State detector cell.

• Located close to the X-ray tube.

• Measures tube output.

• Data is processed like normal detector data and

send to reconstructor.

• Data is used to correct for tube output variations.

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 Basic CT training : D.A.S.
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CT

Signal processing : A V

Integrator

SW1

C
Detector Array

A R
SW2 Vout

SW1 = Reset switch

SW2 = Send data out
(by CONTROL pwb)

 Copyright Toshiba 1997 12

 Basic CT training : D.A.S.
TSG

Signal processing :
CT

VV
Digital 
Vin Floating out
Analog 14 bit 16 bit
Point to to
FPA gain Data
Amplifier Digital Control
pwb
Converter 2 bit
Vout FPA
gain
10 V

Vin

0V -156,25 mV -1,25 V -10 V

Under x 64 x8 x1 Overflow
flow
FPA gain

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 Basic CT training : D.A.S.
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CT

Ref.
Det.
Signal processing : Control

Pure Raw Data

Detector Array

to
Integrator FPA / ADC Reconstructor
Control
(A  V) (V  Digital)

From Console
FPA gain
Timing / Control • (auto / fixed)
Data mode
• (normal / test)
Rotation
View Trigger
Couch slide • (read all channels)
Internal
 Copyright Toshiba 1997 14
 Basic CT training : D.A.S.
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CT

Ref.
Det.
Signal processing : Total
• •Integrator
Integratorpwb
pwb • •FPA/ADC
FPA/ADCpwb
pwb • •Control
Controlpwb
pwb
• •QMUX
QMUX + Q/Vpwb
+ Q/V pwb • •ADC pwb
ADC pwb • •Timing
Timing I/Opwb
I/O pwb
• •C-AMP pwb
C-AMP pwb
• •Filter
Filterpwb
pwb
• •DDC pwb
DDC pwb

Pure Raw Data

Detector Array

to
Integrator FPA / ADC Reconstructor
Control
(A  V) (V  Digital)
From Console

Timing / Control

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 Basic CT training : D.A.S.
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CT

Data Transfer from DAS to Console (1/2)

In non-continuous rotating system the data is
transferred from the DAS to the Console via
parallel cable.

D.A.S. CONSOLE

 Copyright Toshiba 1997 16

 Basic CT training : D.A.S.
TSG

CT

Data Transfer from DAS to Console (2/2)

In continuous rotating system the DAS data is:
• converted from parallel to serial,
• transferred (via slipring or optical)
• converted back from serial to parallel.

Parallel Serial
D.A.S. to to CONSOLE
Serial Parallel

 Copyright Toshiba 1997 17