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    Viruses

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    vaishaligupta919

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Viruses

    Uploaded by

    vaishaligupta919
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    viruses

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    1 views19 pages

    Viruses

    Uploaded by

    vaishaligupta919

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 19

    Viruses

    1
    What are Viruses?
    1.Viruses are acellular entities
    2. DNA or RNA enclosed in a coat of
    protein
    3.All viruses have a nucleocapsid
    composed of a nucleic acid surrounded
    by a protein capsid that may be
    icosahedral, helical, or complex in
    structure.
    4. May or may not have Envelope
    5. They can reproduce only within living
    cells (host)
    6. obligately intracellular parasites
    7. may be either single-stranded or
    double-stranded DNA or RNA.
    8. The nucleic acid strands can be linear,
    closed circle, or able to assume either
    shape. 2
    3
    4
    How viruses differ from
    living cells?
    Viruses differ from living cells in at least three
    ways:
    (1) their simple, acellular organization;
    (2) the presence of either DNA or RNA, but not
    both, in almost all virions (human
    cytomegalovirus has a DNA genome and four
    mRNAs);
    (3) their inability to reproduce independent of
    cells and do not carry out cell division as
    procaryotes and eucaryotes do.

    5
    Coronavirus

    Size of coronavirus – 50nm to 140nm


    6
    Size of coronavirus – 50nm to 140nm
    7
    Are Viruses Living or
    Non-living?

    8
    9
    Viruses are living because:
    (i) They show growth and multiplication (only inside the host cell).
    (ii) They have genetic material i.e. DNA/RNA.
    (iii) They can direct protein synthesis (though they use host machinery for it).
    (iv) They show mutation.
    (v) They can be transmitted from the diseased host to the healthy ones or
    posses
    the ability to infect.
    (vi) They react to heat, chemicals and radiation and also shows irritability, a
    character of only living organisms.
    (vii) They posses genetic continuity and have definite races/strains.
    (viii) Similarity between nucleoproteins of viruses with the protein and
    nucleic acid
    of living organisms.

    Viruses are non-living because:


    (i) They can be crystallized (Stanley, 1935)
    (ii) They behave as inert chemicals outside the host cell.
    (iii) A cell wall or cell membrane of any type is absent in viruses.
    (iv) They do not show functional autonomy
    (v) They do not respire or excrete or they do not show any sign of
    metabolism
    except reproduction.
    (vi) They lack any energy producing enzyme system. 10
    Fun fact

    Q1. Are antibiotics effective against virus???


    Ans. No

    Q2. Why doctor prescribe antibiotics to the


    patient during viral fever?

    copyright cmassengale 11
    Type of viruses
    Based on their host, viruses can be
    classified into three types, namely,

    1.animal viruses e.g. HIV,


    2.plant viruses, and
    3.bacteriophages (bacterial viruses).

    copyright cmassengale 12
    13
    copyright cmassengale 14
    Replication of viruses
    • The lytic cycle involves the
    reproduction of viruses using a
    host cell to manufacture more
    viruses; the viruses then burst out
    of the cell.

    • The lysogenic cycle involves the


    incorporation of the viral genome
    into the host cell genome,
    infecting it from within

    copyright cmassengale 15
    Bacteriophage virus

    copyright cmassengale 16
    Lytic cycle

    17
    copyright cmassengale 18
    Thankyou

    19

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