Virus 1

INTRODUCTION
A virus is a tiny infectious agent that reproduces inside the cells of living hosts.
When infected, the host cell is forced to rapidly produce thousands of identical
copies of the original virus. Unlike most living things, viruses do not have cells
that divide; new viruses assemble in the infected host cell. But unlike simpler
infectious agents like prions, they contain genes, which allow them to mutate and
evolve. Over 4,800 species of viruses have been described in detail out of the
millions in the environment. Their origin is unclear: some may
have evolved from plasmids pieces of DNA that can move between cells while
others may have evolved from bacteria.
VIRUS
They are cellular microscopic organisms which are composed of genetic material
and protein that can invade living cells. They are small infections agents ranging
from 20nm to 300nm in diameter.
PLANT VIRUS
There are the virus that infect plants
General characteristics of Plant Virus
1. Plant virus are obligate varieties intracellular parasites that do not leave the
molecular machinery to replicate without a lost.
2. Common plant viruses include mosaic viruses, spotted wilt viruses and leaf
curl viruses.
3. Plant virus are typically spread by either horizontal or vehicle transmission.
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4. Size and structure: Animal viruses are generally larger and more complex in
structure than plant viruses. They can have various types of capsids,
envelopes, and nucleic acid genomes, such as single-stranded RNA or DNA.
5. Transmission: Animal viruses can be transmitted through direct contact with
infected animals or their bodily fluids, such as saliva, blood, or urine. They
can also be transmitted through contact with contaminated surfaces or
materials, such as bedding, cages, or food.
6. Host range: Animal viruses can infect a wide range of animals, including
humans, livestock, and pets. Some viruses are highly host-specific, while
others can infect multiple animal species.
7. Symptoms: Symptoms of animal virus infections can vary widely depending
on the virus and the host animal. Common symptoms include fever,
respiratory symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms, and neurological
symptoms. Some viruses can also cause chronic infections, which can lead
to long-term health problems.
8. Zoonotic potential: Some animal viruses can be transmitted from animals to
humans, causing zoonotic diseases that can be highly infectious and
potentially deadly. Examples include Ebola virus, SARS-CoV-2, and avian
influenza virus. Zoonotic viruses can also cause significant economic and
social impacts, such as in the case of the COVID-19 pandemic.
BACTERIAL VIRUS
Bacterial viruses are virus that infect bacteria and the bacteria it infect is called
bacteriophage.
General Characteristics of Bacteria Virus
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1. Bacterial viruses are cellular, i.e they contain no cytoplasm or cellular
organelles.
2. They carryout no metabolism on their own and must replicate using the host
cells metabolic machinery.
3. They are capable of infecting any cell type, unicellular plant or animal cell.
4. It has complex protein coats with a structure well defined and may also have
tail structures.
5. The capsid or protein costs wraps the DNA or RNA molecule making up the
bacteriophage genome.
6. These genomes are either linear or circular and single or double stranded.
7. Examples of bacteriophage known to follow the lysogenic and lytic cycle is
the phage of E.coli.
ANIMAL VIRUS
Animal Virus are virus that infect animals.
General Characteristics of Animal Virus
1. Animal viruses may enter a host cell by wither receptor mediated

endocytosis or by changings shape and entering the cell through the dell
membrane.
2. Animal viruses causes disease in animals, they often have to run their course
before symptoms disappears.
3. Examples of virus animal diseases include hematite C, chicken pox, and
shingles.
4. Animal viruses, unlike the viruses of plans and bacteria, do not have to
penetrate a dell wall to gain access to the host el.
5. Animal viruses are associate with a variety of human disease

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INTRODUCTION

There are the virus that infect plants

General characteristics of Plant Virus

General Characteristics of Bacteria Virus

Animal Virus are virus that infect animals.

General Characteristics of Animal Virus

1. Animal viruses may enter a host cell by wither receptor mediated

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