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    BG - Unit 4 Learning

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    kcmanisha074

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    BG - Unit 4 Learning

    Uploaded by

    kcmanisha074
    8 views13 pages

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    BG_Unit-4-learning

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    8 views13 pages

    BG - Unit 4 Learning

    Uploaded by

    kcmanisha074

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 13

    Chapter-4

    Learning
    Concept
     Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior
    that occurs as a result of experience.
     It is continuing change behavior through training and
    experience.
     It is directly or indirectly related to organizational
    behavior in terms of increasing competency,
    leadership ability and motivation at work place.
     It is compulsory in every organization to develop new
    concept, idea, knowledge, strategies and technology to
    cope with changing environment of the society.
     According to Stephen P. Robbins:- “ learning is any
    relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as
    a result of experience.”
    Theory of learning
     Classical conditioning
     Operant conditioning
     Cognitive theory
     Social Learning Theory
     Classical conditioning (Ivan Petrovich Pavlov)
    It is a type conditioning in which an individual responds to some
    stimulus that would not ordinarily produce such a response.
     Operant conditioning (B.F. Skinner)
    It is a type of conditioning in which desired voluntary behavior leads
    to a reward or prevents a punishment.
     Cognitive theory (Edward C. Tolman)
    It assumes that learning is purely an outcome of the thinking
    process. Such processes involve perceiving, imaging, thinking,
    reasoning and decision making.
     Social Learning Theory (Albert Bandura)
    It is a view that people can learn through observation and direct
    experience.
    Process in social Learning:
    1. Attention Process: Learning through observing model, when individual recognize and pay
    attention to its critical features.

    2. Retention process: It states: How well individual remembers the model, when it is no longer
    available.

    3. Motor Reproduction process: It states: focus on demonstration of the modeled activities after
    confronting the new behavior.

    3. Reinforcement process: positive reinforcement is required (incentive or reward). +ve reinforced


    behavior are given more attention, learned better and performed more often by individual.
    Factors influencing learning
     Physiological factors
     Social factors
     Environmental factors
     Nature of learning materials
     Process of learning
     Person or ‘O’ factors.
    Principles of learning
     Principles of reinforcement
     Principles of punishment
     Principles of generalization
     Principles of discrimination
     Principles of motivation
     Principles of repetition
     Principle of active involvement
    Behavior Modification
     Behavior modification refers to the techniques used to
    decrease or increase a particular type of behavior. It
    plays major role for proper management of changes
    by modifying behavior of all the members of
    organization.

     It is important application of reinforcement theory


    some manager use to enhance motivation and
    performance.

     S.P. Robbins said that “ Behavior modification is the


    application of reinforcement theory to people in
    Process of Behavior Modification
    Behavior Modification: can be done with Five Step Problem-Solving
    Model
    a. Identify critical behaviors- that make a significant impact on the
    employees’ job performance.
    b. Develop baseline data -to determine the number of time the
    identified behavior is occurring.
    c. Identify behavioral consequences- helps to know the cause of the
    behavior.
    d. Develop and apply intervention- develop strategy to strengthen
    desirable behavior and weaken undesirable behavior.
    e. Evaluate performance improvement- to make sure that learning
    took place.
    Discussion !

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