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THE HUMAN PERSON IN
THEIR ENVIRONMENT
PHILOSOPHY
ENVIRONMENTAL PHILOSOPHY
• Discipline that studies the moral relationship of

human beings with the environment and it’s non-
human contents.
• Philosophers believe that the human person has the

ability to change the environment to suit his
purposes.
• This means that as human person, we interact not

only with our fellow human beings, but also with
other living and non-living elements in our
environment.
• Humankind is part of the world, and significantly

affect our environment in the same way that
changes in our environment affect us.
3 Major Views on the Relationship
between Humanity and the
Environment
1. ANTHROPOCENTRISM
• Focuses on the significant role of human kind in

the world and considers nature as the means by
which humans are able to meet their needs and
survive.
• This view believes that humans are the most

important species on the planet and they are
free to transform nature and use its resources.
2. BIOCENTRISM
• Believes that humans are not only significant species

on the planet, and that all organisms have inherent
value and should be protected.
• This view drives the activities if humane organizations

that advocate the ethical treatment of animals.
3. ECOCENTRISM
• Places great value on ecosystems and biological

communities.
• This view believes that humankind is part of a greater
biological system or community and that we have a
significant ROLE AS STEWARDS or guardians of
NATURE.
ENVIRONMENTAL AESTHETICS
• Philosophical view that believes maintain order in

the environment will bring out the natural beauty of
the surroundings and contribute to the well-being
of the people and other organisms living in it.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
• Meeting the needs of the present without

compromising the needs of the future
generation.
3 IMPORTANT PRINCIPLES OF
SUSTAINABILITY
1. ENVIRONMENTAL INTEGRITY
• Refers to maintaining the state of the

environment. This means that human
activities should not disrupt the ecosystem
and human communities located in the area.
2. ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY
• Refers to prudence in decision-making regarding

the use of resources to ensure that there is
minimum to zero waste.
3. EQUITY
• Demands that we use our natural resources in

such a manner that these are conserved so that
the next generation will be able to use them.
2. ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY
• Prudence – ability to regulate one’s actions and

behavior.
• Frugality – being thrifty with the use of one’s

resources.
THEORIES IN RADICAL ECOLOGICAL
PHILOSOPHY
1.DEEP ECOLOGY
Arne Naess, proponent of deep ecology,

assumes that living things possess equal
value and intrinsic worth regardless of their
usefulness or utility to other beings.
1.DEEP ECOLOGY
This is experiencing ourselves as part of

the living earth and finding our role in
protecting the planet.
2. SOCIAL ECOLOGY
• Murray bookchin, proponent of social ecology,

believes that ecological problems can be
traced to social problems.
2. SOCIAL ECOLOGY
• Societies that are structured around hierarchies

as well as economic classes use their authority
to dominate natural resources and exploit the
environment for profit and self-interest.
3. ECOFEMINISM
Ecofeminism also believes that a society that

tolerates the oppression of women is directly
linked with its tendency to tolerate the abuse of
the environment and the degradation of nature.
3. ECOFEMINISM
It also features the existing patriarchal and

capitalist systems in our society as social and
economic exploitative to the detrimental of women
and nature. This theory benefits the social and
political agenda of both female and nature.
3. ECOFEMINISM
It assumes that male-centered view of nature is the

root cause of ecological problems.
To address environmental problems humanity has
to remove the superior vs. inferior in human
relations.
PRUDENCE AND FRUGALITY
• Are two of the many virtues that can help us in

addressing various environmental problems and
solving the challenges these problems have
created.
• Prudence is the capacity to direct and discipline

one’s activities and behavior using reason.
• It is the behavior that is cautious and, as much

as possible, keeps away from any risks.
• Prudence is considered as an ecological virtue

since it can help us become wiser, more responsible
in terms of using our natural resources and, most
importantly, become more appreciative of nature’s
essential value.
• Frugality is the quality of being thrifty.
• It is the careful supervision of one’s

resource’s.
• Frugality, is also the cautious management

of material resources, especially money. A
frugal person always invests time to think
carefully just to save a lot of money.

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THE HUMAN PERSON IN

• Discipline that studies the moral relationship of

• Philosophers believe that the human person has the

• This means that as human person, we interact not

• Humankind is part of the world, and significantly

• Focuses on the significant role of human kind in

• This view believes that humans are the most

• Believes that humans are not only significant species

• This view drives the activities if humane organizations

• Places great value on ecosystems and biological

• Philosophical view that believes maintain order in

• Meeting the needs of the present without

• Refers to maintaining the state of the

• Refers to prudence in decision-making regarding

• Demands that we use our natural resources in

• Prudence – ability to regulate one’s actions and

• Frugality – being thrifty with the use of one’s

Arne Naess, proponent of deep ecology,

This is experiencing ourselves as part of

• Murray bookchin, proponent of social ecology,

• Societies that are structured around hierarchies

Ecofeminism also believes that a society that

It also features the existing patriarchal and

It assumes that male-centered view of nature is the

• Are two of the many virtues that can help us in

• Prudence is the capacity to direct and discipline

• It is the behavior that is cautious and, as much

• Prudence is considered as an ecological virtue

• Frugality is the quality of being thrifty.

• It is the careful supervision of one’s

• Frugality, is also the cautious management

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