t a t i c s

S ofrigid bodies
Prepared by: Engr. Carlos Brylle Maglaque Artates
M

Friction
FRICTION
- is the contact resistance exerted by one body when
the second body moves or tends to move past the first
body. Friction is a retarding force that always acts
opposite to the motion or to the tendency to move.

Types of Friction:
Dry friction, also called Coulomb
Dry Friction friction, occurs when unlubricated
Fluid Friction surfaces of two solids are in contact
•

Skin friction
•
and slide or tend to slide from each
Internal Frictionother. If lubricant separates these
•

two surfaces, the friction created is

•
called lubricated friction.
 W
P

R
𝝓
N
 f=
W R=
P

Where:
f
N = Total reaction
R
𝝓
perpendicular to the contact
N surface
f = Friction force
μ = Coefficient of friction
R = Resultant of f and N
ϕ = angle of friction
 Two types of dry friction
W
P
• Static Friction ()

f • Kinetic Friction )
R
>
𝝓
N
 P
W

(a) No friction ()
 W
P

(b) No motion
 W
P

𝑷 𝒙 = 𝒇 𝒎𝒂𝒙
𝐟 𝐦𝐚𝐱

(c) Motion impending

 W
P

𝑷 𝒙 > 𝒇 𝒎𝒂𝒙
𝐟 𝐦𝐚𝐱

(d) In Motion
f

EQUILIBRIUM IN MOTION

𝐟 𝐦𝐚𝐱

𝐟𝐤

P
 EXAMPLE
500 N

30 ̊

) Determine the minimum value of P to prevent the block from sliding down. =
) Determine the minimum value of P to push the block up the incline. = 0.25
 EXAMPLE
500 N

30 ̊
𝐟𝒔
N

) Determine the minimum value of P to prevent the block from sliding down. =
 EXAMPLE
500 N
30 ̊
P

𝐟𝒔

) Determine the minimum value of P to prevent the block from sliding down. =
 EXAMPLE
500 N
N =0
30 ̊
P

+ 500sin(30) = 0
141.75 N

) Determine the minimum value of P to prevent the block from sliding down. =
 EXAMPLE
500 N
N =0
30 ̊
P

- 500sin(30) = 0
N

25
) Determine the minimum value of P to push the block up the incline. = 0.25
 EXAMPLE
0.9 m
A cylindrical container 2 m
high, has a diameter of 0.9
m and is 3/4 full of water. P
Determine the maximum 2m
value of P that will still 1.2 m
make the object at rest.
Neglect the weight of the
container. = 0.25

VALUE OF P THAT WILL MAKE THE OBJECT SLIDE

VALUE OF P THAT WILL TIP THE OBJECT
EXAMPLE
0.9 m
UNIT
W WEIGHT
P
W=V
2m
NOTE: Unit

1.5 m
1.2 m
weight of water is
9.81 kN/

N
W=V
W = 9.81[(1.5)]
W = 9.36 kN
EXAMPLE
0.9 m
For SLIDING

9.36 kN N =0
P

2m

1.5 m
1.2 m -=0
kN

N
EXAMPLE
0.9 m

9.36 kN
P

2m

1.5 m
1.2 m

N
EXAMPLE

N
EXAMPLE

N
EXAMPLE
0.9 m

9.36 kN
P
TOE
2m

1.5 m
1.2 m

N
EXAMPLE
0.9 m

9.36 kN
P For TIPPING
TOE
2m P(1.2) =0

1.5 m
1.2 m

For SLIDING
kN
N
EXAMPLE
If the coefficient of static friction at the contact points A and B is
µs = 0.4, determine the following if the girl is 75-lb and the plank
is 20-lb:
a. Reaction at A
b. Reaction at B
c. Minimum distance d can a girl stand on the plank without
causing it to slip.
EXAMPLE 𝟕𝟓𝒍𝒃

(0.4)
21.80 ̊

𝒇 𝑩

𝝓 𝑹𝑩
𝝓 𝒇 𝟔𝟔.𝟖𝟎̊
𝑵𝑨 𝑨 𝟐𝟎𝒍𝒃 𝑵𝑩
𝟑𝟖.𝟐𝟎̊
𝑹𝑨
EXAMPLE 𝟕𝟓𝒍𝒃

𝑹𝑩
𝟔𝟔.𝟖𝟎̊
𝟐𝟎𝒍𝒃
𝟑𝟖.𝟐𝟎̊
𝑹𝑨
 EXAMPLE

𝟕𝟓𝒍𝒃 =0
- Eq. 1

𝑹𝑩 =0 - Eq. 2

𝟐𝟎𝒍𝒃 𝟔𝟔.𝟖𝟎̊
𝟑𝟖.𝟐𝟎̊
𝑹𝑨

Reaction at A and B
EXAMPLE

𝟕𝟓𝒍𝒃

75(d) + 20 (6) – 60.82= 0

d = 2.23 ft
𝑹𝑩

𝟐𝟎𝒍𝒃 𝟔𝟔.𝟖𝟎̊
𝟑𝟖.𝟐𝟎̊
𝑹𝑨

Minimum distance d can a girl stand on the plank without causing

WEDGE
A wedge is a tapered object which converts a small
input force into a large output force using the principle of an
inclined plane. Wedges are used to separate, split or cut
objects, lift weights, or fix objects in place.
WEDGE
A wedge is a tapered object which converts a small
input force into a large output force using the principle of an
inclined plane. Wedges are used to separate, split or cut
objects, lift weights, or fix objects in place.
EXAMPLE
Determine the smallest horizontal force P required to pull out
wedge A. The crate has a weight of 300 lb and the coefficient of static
friction is 𝝁s = 0.3. Neglect the weight of the wedge.
 𝑾 =𝟑𝟎𝟎𝒍𝒃
𝑹𝑨 𝑵
𝑨
𝒇 𝑨
𝑵𝑪

𝐏 𝒇𝑪
𝒇 𝑩
𝒇
𝑹𝑩 𝑵𝑩 𝑨

𝑵𝑨
EXAMPLE

=0
𝑾 =𝟑𝟎𝟎𝒍𝒃 - Eq. 1

=0
𝑵𝑪
- Eq. 2

𝒇 𝑪= 0.3 = 275.23 lb
= 82.57 lb
𝒇 𝑨= 0.3

𝑵𝑨
EXAMPLE
= 275.23 lb
= 82.57 lb =0

𝑹𝑨 𝑵
=0
𝑨

P = 90.74
𝒇 𝑨

𝐏
𝒇 𝑩
𝑵𝑩
𝑹𝑩 𝟏.𝟕̊