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    Chem Project

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    blackforce236

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    Chem Project

    Uploaded by

    blackforce236
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    chem project

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    4 views11 pages

    Chem Project

    Uploaded by

    blackforce236

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 11

    TOPIC 2.

    2
    TRENDS IN GROUPS WITHIN THE PERIODIC TABLE
    Group 1:The alkali metals

     This is the most reactive group in the periodic table.


     All elements in this group have 1 electrons in their outermost
    shell.
     Reactivity increases as u go down the group.
     In the first 20 elements the group 1 elements are;
    Lithium
    Sodium
    potassium
    Melting and boiling point(group 1)

    Element Atomic Mass Electronic Melting Boiling


    structure number structure point point
    Lithium,Li 3 7 2,1 180 1360
    Sodium,Na 11 23 2,8,1 98 900
    Potassium, 19 39 2,8,8,1 63 700
    K
    Group 7:The halogens

     All the elements in this Group have 7 electrons in their outermost


    shell.
     Reactivity decreases as u go down the group.
     In the first 20 elements the Group 7 elements are;
    Flourine
    Chlorine
    Melting and Boiling point(Group 7)

    Element Atomic Mass colour Electron Melting Boiling


    number number ic point point
    structur
    e
    Flourine, 9 19 Pale 2,7 -220 -188
    F yellow
    Chlorine, 17 35 Yellowish 2,8,7 -101 -34
    Cl green
    Group 8:The noble gases

     All the elements in this Group have 8 electrons in their outermost


    shell.
     All the Group 8 elements are stable(this means their outermost
    shell is full)
     In the first 20 elements the Group 8 elements are;
    Helium
    Neon
    Argon
    Melting and Boiling point(Group 8)

    Element Atomic Mass Electronic Melting Boiling


    number number structure point point
    Helium,He 2 4 2 -270 -269
    Neon,Ne 10 20 2,8 -249 -246
    Argon,Ar 18 40 2,8,8 -189 -186
    TOPIC 2.3
    WHY ELEMENTS REACT TO FORM COMPOUNDS
    Why do elements react together

     Elements react together to become stable but the Group


    8(Noble gases)do not react because their outermost shell is
    already full. Elements react by two different ways, namely;
    Ionic bond
    Covalent bond
    ionic bond

     Ionic bond is a chemical bond between a metal and a non-metal.


     During an ionic bond some atoms loose electrons whiles others
    gain electrons.
     An example on an ionic bond is;
    Sodium chloride
     Ionic bonds form ions, there are two types of ions namely;
    Anion
    cathion
    Covalent bond

     Covalent bond is a chemical bond between two non-metals.


     During a covalent bond the atoms share electrons.
     The atoms in a covalent bond add up to form molecules.
     Some examples of a covalent bond is;
    Ammonia molucle
    Hydrogen molecule

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