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System Unit 1. CPU & RAM

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11 views

System Unit 1. CPU & RAM

Uploaded by

muhammadanasawan010
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 21

System Unit

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

and

Internal Memory
The System Unit
Component of System Unit
1. CPU
2. Memory
3. Mother Board
4. Power supply Unit
5. Buses
6. Ports and Connectors
7. Expansion Slots and adapter cards
1. CPU (Central Processing Unit)
The Brain of the Computer
CPU is located in motherboard and carries out
most of the work of a computer
CPU performs all operations on data according
to the given instructions.
It executes instructions and tells other parts of
the computer what to do.
Also referred to as the Microprocessor.
Processing

Input Output
Internal
Memory

Secondary Storage
Parts of the CPU
CPU

Arithmetic & Logic Unit


Registers Control Unit
ALU

Arithmetic Logical
Section Section
The CPU chip and its parts
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

ALU is the part of computer where the


actual processing takes place

ALU is capable of performing arithmetic,


logical and data manipulation operations
on binary numbers.
Cont…
Arithmetic Section: is responsible to
perform all types of arithmetic/mathematical
operations,
like
 Addition (+)
 Subtraction (-)
 Multiplication (*)
 Division (/)

Logical Section: is responsible to perform


all logical operations, for example the
comparison of numbers.
 Greater Than (>)
 Less Than (<)
 Greater Than (>=)
 Less Than (<=)
Control Unit
It directs and coordinates the operation of all the
other parts of the computer by providing timing
and control signals.

CU performs the following operations:

It fetches instructions from main memory.


It interprets that instruction to find what operation
is to be performed.
It controls the execution of instruction.
The System Unit
2. Memory
Types of internal memory

 RAM (Random Access Memory)


 Cache Memory
 ROM (Read Only Memory)
RAM (Random Access Memory)
Also called
main memory,
direct access memory or
volatile memory.

Give the platform to run/execute/load files.

What ever is opened in computer, will


must have to load in RAM. i.e. Music files,
Operating System, Ms Office, Utility
Programs etc.
RAM
RAM Cont..
It stores groups of bits (words) that represent
instructions that the computer is to executes
(programs) and data that are to be operated on
by the program.

It also serves as storage for the results of


operations performed by the ALU.

The major disadvantage of RAM is that it is


volatile and will lose all stored information if
power is turned off.
RAM Cont..
RAM plays very important role in the processing
speed of the computer.
 Large RAM size provides larger amount of
information to a computer for processing and hence
increases the processing speed.

CPU can read data from RAM and write data to


RAM that’s why RAM is also known as Read/Write
memory.

Its capacity is measured in megabytes or gigabytes


on PCs i.e. 64MB, 128MB, 256MB, 512MB, 1 GB or
more even etc.
Types Of RAM
Two types of RAM are:

 Dynamic RAM (DRAM)


 Static RAM (SRAM)
ROM (Read Only Memory)
This memory is designed to store the information
that is either permanent or will not change
frequently.

During the normal operation, no new data can be


written into the ROM but data can be read from
ROM.

For some ROM’s the data can entered during the


manufacturing process.

ROM is Non Volatile because its instructions are


not lost when computer is turned off.
Types Of ROM
Three types of ROM are:

 PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory)


 EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only
Memory)
 EEPROM (Electronically Erasable
Programmable Read Only
Memory)
Quick Revision
What are the components of System Unit?
What is CPU?
What is RAM and ROM?
How many types ROM have?
How many types RAM have?

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