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Syntax

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SYNTAX

SINTAKSIS cabang ilmu yang mempelajari hubungan antara kata dengan kata, atau dengan
satuan-satuan yang lebih besar dalam bahasa.
Dalam sintaksis, dipelajari prinsip dan peraturan untuk membuat kalimat dalam bahasa
alami. Aturan sintaksis menjelaskan urutan penyusunan kata atau elemen untuk membentuk
elemen yang lebih besar, seperti frasa, klausa, atau pernyataan.

• Jenis part of speech dengan symbol :


• The – D (determiner)
• Chef – N (noun)
• Cooks – V (verb)
• The – D (determiner)
• Soup – N (noun)
• Frasa :
• The (D) + chef (N) = The chef (NP/noun phrase)
• The (D) + soup (n) = The soup (NP/noun phrase)
• Cooks (V) + the soup (NP) = cooks the soup (VP/verb phrase)
• The chef (NP) + cooks the soup (VP) = The chef cooks the soup (S/sentence)
Jenis part of speech dengan simbol
•The – D (determiner)
•Ball – N (noun)
•Often – Adv (adverb)
•Hits – V (verb)
•The – D (determiner)
•Tree- N (noun)
•And – Conj (conjunction)
•The – D (determiner)
•Man – N (noun)
Frasa
Kumpulkan bentuk NP/noun phrase
•The (D) + ball (N) = The ball (NP)
•The (D) + tree (N) = the tree (NP)
•The (D) + man (N) = the man (NP)
•The tree (NP) + and (Conj) + the man (NP) = the tree and the man (NP)
Lalu, bentuk VP/verb phrase
•Often (Adv) + hits (V) + the tree and the man (NP) = often hits the tree and the man (VP)
Terakhir, jadikanlah sebuah kalimat/sentence
•The ball (NP) + often hits the tree and the man (VP) = The ball often hits the tree and the man
(S)
WORD
• society, illegal, orderly, contaminants, verify, arrogance, cloudy

PHRASE
• The activist, a vitamin content, a critical role, the lives of millions of children

CLAUSE
• World leaders will negotiate, they have, the filter caught, vast population of microbes
live

SENTENCE
• The sun shines brightly in the morning, I stayed home because it was raining, He is
qualified; moreover, he has years of experience
PHRASE
NOUN + NOUN
a book collection, a water formation, the student achievement,
a body part
communication problems, product idea, pain relieve

1. the regulation government : T / F


2. the contribution family : T / F
3. ASEAN socialization : T / F
4. requirement school : T / F
5. phone industry : T / F
6. professionals health : T / F
7. equipment army : T / F
ADJ + NOUN
similar characteristics , industrial pollution, skilled worker,
forgotten temple
hibernating bears, a sensitive person, revolutionary war,
confident woman

1. advances scientific : T / F
2. phenomenon remarkable : T / F
3. vaccines experimental : T / F
4. foreign substance : T / F
5. reaction defensive : T / F
6. modification genetic : T / F
7. Gasses odorless : T / F
8. suffering children: T / F
ADV + VERB + ADV
to suddenly discover, regularly eat, were significantly
increasing,
surround it particularly, is partially constructed,
They are presenting a traditional dance.
They are beautifully presenting a traditional dance.
They are presenting a traditional dance beautifully.
They are presenting beautifully a traditional dance.
1. commercial sold : T / F
2. finished it immediate : T / F
3. initially to courage : T / F
4. connects close : T / F
5. will great increase : T / F
ADV + ADJ
quite beautiful, extremely dangerous, very soft , highly
successful
slightly upset, rather short, almost weekly
ADV + ADV
very quickly, too rapidly,

1. Isadora jogs quite frequent : T / F


2. I very quick scanned the page. : T / F
3. He sang very beautiful. : T / F
4. certain possible: T / F
5. Entirely mad : T / F
LET’S ANALYZE
•completely technological world
•totally dependent
•is consistently less expensive
•The biologically relevant information
•The genetically modified organism
• an extremely talented singer
•A heavily forested area
•A nationally known actor
REMEMBER
1. LINKING VERB
to be, remain, appear , seem, become, etc
followed by ADJECTIVE and To – Infinitive
He remains calm under pressure.
The experiment proved successful
They remain to stay in London.

2. PREPOSITION
followed by NOUN and Ving
without banking service
She apologized for coming late.
3. CONJUNCTION Subject and Verb
followed by
Ving or V3

Situation or Condition

She waited until they were seated.


Since you're here, why don't we talk about your assignment.
After eating, he went to bed.
Before sent, the package was examined.
After the civil war, farming significantly increased in the South.
4. Comma
a. Parallelism
I came, I saw, and I conquered.
effective, easy and inexpensive.
Paul likes dancing, swimming, and running.
social and financial development.

b. Appositives
The chief surgeon, an expert in organ-transplant procedures, called her
nephew.
Bandung, famous for fashion, is my favourite city.
A bold innovator, Wassily Kandinsky is known for his colorful abstract
paintings.
Teddy, finishing his project, received an award.
The car, left outside, need repairing.
The store, which is rent by my uncle, is good.
The islands of the Florida Keys are joined to the mainland by an
overseas highway that replaces a railroad destroyed in the hurricane
of 1935.

Among the most famous products of the Aesthetic Movement were the
Tiffany lamps, which was first produced in 1899.

For most bees, life revolves around the scent, color, and nectar of
flowers.

Artificial intelligence is the simulation of intelligent human behaviors,


such as problem solving, natural language communication, and
creativity.
WRITTEN EXPRESSION
ANALISIS WRITTEN EXPRESSION
1. Subject dan Verb
The agricultural sector in the United States, with over two million
farms, have a
highly competitive economic structure.

2. Conjunction dan Preposition


Earth’s atmosphere is in perpetual motion because differences in
solar heating that occur between the equator and the poles

Dehydrated food is prepared by remove water from fresh food to yield


a relatively dry, stable product in which the growth of microorganisms is
inhibited.
3. Comma
appositives :
Of all the organized, independent cities in Texas, Laredo, was founded in
1755, is the oldest.

parallelism :
A lubricant minimizes the introduction of dirt, moisture, or other foreign
materials between sliding surfaces, eliminates wear by keeping the
surfaces apart, and prevention corrosion.

Radar can determine the direction, distant, height, and speed of objects
that are too far away for the human eye to see.
4. Phrases
N + N, ADJ + N, ADV + N , ADV + N
One of the most significance political movements since the Second World
War ended has been the breaking up of former colonial empires into
independent nations.

Searching for alternate forms of energy does not necessary mean the
abandonment of fossil fuels as an energy source.

The canoe designed by North American Indians was very suitable for use
on inland waters, for it was easily portable and had amply storage space.
5. Noun dan Pronoun
ciri-ciri Noun ada DETERMINER
a. article (the, an dan a)
b. pronoun (its population, yours, their project)
c. quantifier (many stockholders, much money, several cars, the
number of the countries
the amount of gold)

The long of time a battery maintains its useful life while idle depends on
many factors: quality of construction, cell size, cell type, and storage
temperature.

A gene is a biological unit of information that directs the activity of a


cell or organism during their lifetime.

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