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Technical Paper Writing

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22 views

Technical Paper Writing

Uploaded by

dr.sridevigm
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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You are on page 1/ 35

Dr.

Sridevi G M
Assistant Professor
Department of ISE
DSATM, Bengaluru
WHAT IS A TECHNICAL PAPER?

• A technical paper, also known as a technical report or


scientific report, is a document that describes the results,
progress, or process of technical or scientific research. It
can also include recommendations and conclusions from
the research.
• A scientific experiment is incomplete until the results are
published and understood.
• A scientific paper is a written and published report describing
original research results.
• Knowledge is lost without written records
TYPES OF
TECHNIC
AL
PAPERS
(NOT
LIMITED
TO…)
HOW TO SEARCH FOR A
PAPER FOR SURVEY
https://scholar.google.com/
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/home.jsp
I
THE
STRUC
TURE M
OF
SCIENTI R
FIC
WRITIN
G D
ESSENTIAL PARTS OF A
SCIENTIFIC PAPER
Title: Describe concisely the core contents of the paper

Abstract: Summarize the major elements of the paper

Keywords: words or phrases that capture the main concepts of the paper and help search engines and
indexers find it

Introduction: provide context and rationale for the study

Literature Review: Summarize the existing work on the topic

Materials: Describe the experimental design so it is reproducible

Methods: Describe the experimental procedures

Results: Summarize the findings without interpretation

Discussion: Interpret the findings of the study

Conclusion: Summarize the findings

Acknowledgement: Give credit to those who helped you


THE TITLE
A good title is one with fewest possible words that
adequately describe the paper’s contents.

The title is extremely important and must be chosen


carefully as it will be read by thousands, whereas few will
read the entire paper.

Indexing and abstracting of the paper depends on the


accuracy of the title.
• Titles should neither be too short nor too long as to be meaningless

• Words ‘studies on, investigations on, a, an, the, etc. should not be used.

• Syntax (word order) must be very carefully considered

• It should contain the keywords that reflect the contents of the paper

• It should be meaningful and not general.

• It should be concise, specific and informative

• It should capture the fundamental nature of the experiments and


findings
HOW TO PREPARE THE
TITLE
• Make a list of the most important keywords

• Think of a title that contains these words

• The title could state the conclusion of the paper

• The title should NEVER contain abbreviations, chemical formulas, or


proprietary names.

• Think, rethink of the title before submitting the paper.

• Be very careful of the grammatical errors due to faulty word order.

• Avoid the use of the word “using”


EXAMPLES OF GOOD AND
BAD TITLES
Impact of Information Technology on Agricultural
Commodity Auctions in India
A Review of Component-Based Software Development

Mobilizing Informational Social Capital in Cyber Space: Online Social


Networks and Knowledge Sharing
THE ABSTRACT
An abstract can be defined as a summary of the information in a document

It is of fundamental importance that the abstract be written clearly and simply, as it is the
first and sometimes the only part of the manuscript read.

It should provide a brief summary of each of the main sections (IMRD) of the paper:

1. State the principal objective and scope of the investigation

2. Describe the methods used

3. Summarize the results, and

4. State the principal conclusions

It is easier to write the abstract after completion of the paper


CRITERIA OF THE
ABSTRACT
• It should not exceed 250 words
• It should be written in one paragraph.
• It should be written in the past tense as it refers to work done.
• Long words should be followed by its abbreviation which would be
used through out the abstract and paper.
• It should not cite any references (except in rare cases)
• It should never give any information or conclusion that is not stated
in the paper
• Must be accurate with respect to figures quoted in the main text.
THE
INTRODUCTION
The introduction should answer the following questions:

1. What was I studying?

2. Why was this an important question?

3. What did I know about this topic before I did this study?

4. What model was I testing? and

5. What approach did I take in this study?


LITERATURE REVIEW
A literature review is a summary and analysis of previously
published works on a topic.
1.Search for relevant literature
2.Evaluate sources
3.Identify themes, debates, and gaps
4.Outline the structure
5.Write your literature review
CITATIONS
METHODS
This part of the manuscript must be clear, precise and concise so
that it can be reproducible.

If the method is new, all details must be provided.

If the method has been previously published in a scientific journal,


only the reference should be given with some identification.

Questions such as “how” or “how much” must be answered and


not left to be puzzled over.

Methods used for statistical analyses must be mentioned.


HOW TO WRITE THE
RESULTS
Results section is written in the past tense.
It is the core or heart of the paper.
It needs to be clearly and simply stated since it constitutes the new
knowledge contributed to the world.
The purpose of this section is to summarize and illustrate the findings in an
orderly and logical sequence, without interpretation.
The text should guide the reader through the findings, stressing the major
points.
Do not describe methods that have already been described or that have
been inadvertently omitted.
METHODS OF
PRESENTING THE DATA
1. Directly in the text
2. In a table
3. In a figure

All figures and tables must be accompanied by a textual presentation of


the key findings

Never have a table or figure that is not mentioned in the text


HOW TO WRITE THE
DISCUSSION
• It is the hardest section to write.

• Its primary purpose is to show the relationships


among observed facts

• It should end with a short summary or conclusion


regarding the significance of the work.
HOW TO STATE THE
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
You should acknowledge:

Any significant technical help that you have received from any
individual in your lab or elsewhere

The source of special equipment, cultures, or any other


material

Any outside financial assistance, such as grants, contracts or


fellowships

Do not use the word “wish”, simply write “I thank …..” and not “I
wish to thank…”

Show the proposed wording of the Acknowledgement to the person


whose help you are acknowledging
REFERENCES
Referencing is a standardized way of acknowledging the sources of
information and ideas that you have used in your document.

A list of ALL the references used in the text must be written.

Reference format varies widely:


 Harvard format (the name and year system) is the most widely used

 Alphabet-Number system is a modification of name and year system

 Citation order system


SAMPLE REFERENCE
BEFORE STARTING TO WRITE THE PAPER

• Record your readings (results)


• Make tables
• Draw graphs
• Keep file to record summaries of results and
any observation however insignificant
• Date the files
• Revise your readings, you may need to
repeat an experiment while you still have
the materials.
• Write ideas when ever they come to you
PLAGIARISM
ETHICS, RIGHTS AND
PERMISSIONS
• Beware of originality and copyrights of others.

• Do not copy anything without giving the credit to the owner by


referencing it.

• In some cases permissions are needed

• Repetitive publication of the same data is considered plagiarism


PLAGIARISM TOOLS
AI
GENER
ATED
CONT
ENT
PUBLISHING A
TECHNICAL PAPER
www.scopus.com
https://mjl.clarivate.com/home
PREPARING THE PAPER
Select the journal from scimagojr.com (Q1 to Q4)
Verify if it is indexed in scopus
Download the journal template
Prepare the paper according to the template
Verify that it is according to the template provided before
uploading it
Submit the paper for review
Wait for the response
Modify the paper as per reviewer suggestions
THANK YOU

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