Ge9 PPT Rizal

The Philippines in
the Nineteenth
Century in Rizal’s
Context
Discussions on the 19th century
Philippines as Rizal’s context are
hereby divided into three (3)
aspects: the economic, social, and
political.
ECONOMIC CONTEXT
End of Galleon Trade • Connected the Philippines with
Mexico for 250 years.
(Manila-Acapulco Trade) • It was a government monopoly of
two trading ships, one navigated
from Acapulco in Mexico to Manila
for 120 days with some 500,000
pesos worth of merchandise and the
other sailed from Manila to other
sailed from Manila to Acapulco for 90
days with some 250,000 pesos worth
of goods.
• Philippines sent mangoes,
tamarinds, rice, carabao, Chinese
tea textiles, tuba (coconut wine) to
Mexico while guava, avocado,
papaya, pineapple and etc. was sent
by Mexico Philippines.
• This economic transaction was ended on September 14, 1815 when
Mexico gained its independence from Spain and it was abolished
because of the efforts of Valentin Delos Santos our representative in
Spanish Cortes (1810-1813).
• It was an artificial way that connects the Red
Suez Canal Sea and Mediterranea Sea in Egypt.
• On November 17, 1869 afforded the Philippines

and Spain a relatively effortless maritime route
for Spanish trading.
• Started off as an agreement between Ferdinand

de Lesseps, Cairo’s former French diplomat and
the Ottoman governor of Egypt in 1854 for the
former to construct a 100-mile canal
across the Istmus of Suez.
• The construction commented in April 1859 with

forced laborers digging by hand with picks and
shovels. European workers though with dredgers
and steam shovels later arrived.
• It decreased the travel time of Philippines to

Spain from 3 months to 32-40 days.
• Suez Canal was the first infrastructure that paved the way
for the importation of books, magazines and newspaper with
liberal ideas from Europe and America. This was
instrumental to the political awakening of Rizal because he
was able to expand his perspective, therefore shaping his
nationalist sensibilities.
• Jose V. Basco who became the first Governor-General to the

Philippines under Bourbon reign arrived in the country in
1778 when the Galleon Trade was failing venture.
• The European industrialization and other countries in the
West brought an increased demand for raw materials which
meant that the Philippines can take advantage of its
agricultural potential towards economic transformation.
Rise of the Export of Crop
• Between 1855 and 1873 the Spanish opened new ports to foreign
Economy
trade, including Ilo-Ilo in Panay, Zamboanga in western portion of
the Mindanao, Cebu and Legaspi in Bicol.
• It became their respective route to export their crop to different

places.
• The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 had contributed to a

spectacular increase in the volume of trade.
• By the late 19th Century three crops which is tobacco, abaca, and
sugar became the main export commodities in the Philippines.
• Being open to world trade and having these products abundant,

• Because of these the economies of the regions colonial
powers tried to increased agricultural output by pressuring
the peasants to produce more goods for export and to
develop plantation agriculture.
• According to Benito Legarda in 1820 and 1870 peasants or

poor farmers are the primary responsible for transforming
the Philippine from a subsistence to an export economy.
• By the middle 1830’s Manila was open to foreign merchants.
• Because of the growth of the world wide shipping, Philippine

abaca was consider the best material for ropes and cordage
grew importance.
Monopoly
• The word mono is derived from Greek word “monos”
meaning one and “polein” means to sell.
• It is a market structure characterized by a single seller,
selling unique product in the market.
• The seller faces no competition as he or she the sole seller of
goods with no substitute.
Reasons why monopoly is created

1.Limited or prevent competition.
2.It could fix prices for its product.
3.Consumers would not have alternate source.
4.Skilled labor are force to work what ever wages willing to
pay.
In late nineteenth century there are business who use
monopolies and one of the powerful monopolies was:
• Standard Oil Company of John D. Rockefellers from the first
trust in 1882.
• Families and business use this to heat their homes and

buildings.
• Steel Company of Andrew Carneige founded in July 1, 1892.
• American tobacco Company founded in 1890 by James

Buchanan Duke.
• They abuse their power by forcing consumer to pay high

• Senator John Sherman Hammer made a law that
stop the abuses of the monopolies.
“Sherman Antitrust Act.” name after the U.S

senator John Sherman Hammer
• President Benjamin Harrison passed the

Sherman Antitrust Act.
• This act was passed and approved in 1890 but

monopolies and shatter big companies to smaller
pieces.

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The Philippines in

• On November 17, 1869 afforded the Philippines

• Started off as an agreement between Ferdinand

• The construction commented in April 1859 with

• It decreased the travel time of Philippines to

• Jose V. Basco who became the first Governor-General to the

• It became their respective route to export their crop to different

• The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 had contributed to a

• Being open to world trade and having these products abundant,

• According to Benito Legarda in 1820 and 1870 peasants or

• By the middle 1830’s Manila was open to foreign merchants.

• Because of the growth of the world wide shipping, Philippine

Reasons why monopoly is created

• Families and business use this to heat their homes and

• Steel Company of Andrew Carneige founded in July 1, 1892.

• American tobacco Company founded in 1890 by James

• They abuse their power by forcing consumer to pay high

“Sherman Antitrust Act.” name after the U.S

• President Benjamin Harrison passed the

• This act was passed and approved in 1890 but

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