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Substation Presentation

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47 views51 pages

Substation Presentation

Uploaded by

rpatnaik1997
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EHV SUBSTATION EQUIPMENTS,

SWITCHING SCHMES &


LAYOUTS

BY: S.K.Harichnagan
Selection of Transmission Voltage

Selection Criterion of Economic Voltage –

 Quantum of power to be evacuated


 Distance from load centre
 Voltage regulation
 Power loss in Transmission
 Initial and operating cost
 Present and future voltages in neighborhood
Economic Voltage of Power
Transmission

L KVA
E 5.5 
1.6 150 E = Transmission voltage (KV) (L-L).
L = Distance of transmission line in KM
KVA=Power to be transferred

3
Substation

Transmission network is the main


connecting link between the
generating plant and load. Substation
is the nodal control point of
transmission network, having a large
influence on the quality, security and
reliability of supply.
Substation Type
Based on Insulation
Environment

Conventional Air Insulated Type.


(Out door or Indoor)
Gas Insulated type.
Outdoor Gas Insulated type.
Hybrid Type.
Substation Type

Based on Function

Generating Substation
Transmission (Grid) Substation.

Distribution Substation.

Mobile Substation.
Activities in Substation
• Transformation
• Despatching
• Supervision
• Control
• Protection
• Telecommunication
• Metering
Equipment in Substation
Primary Equipment
Power Transformation of voltages for enabling
Transformer transfer of power between circuit/ network.

Circuit Breaker Switches circuit while in service enabling


interconnection of circuits for transfer of
power between circuits, protect in system
abnormalities

Isolators Provides switching and interconnection


between circuits for providing security, safety
clearance and reliability of power supply.

Instrument Measures voltage and current signals and


Transformer (CT & stimulates control, protective and
measurement devices to perform their duties.
PT /CVT)
Bus Bar & Provides electrical connection between
Conductors circuits and networks.

Supports conductors and insulates live parts


Primary Equipment

Surge or Provides protection to all the equipment from


Lightning the stresses of internal and external surges or
lightning voltages by diverting the excess energy
Arresters
responsible for it to the ground.

Earthing System Protects the equipment and operation and


and Earth maintenance staff. Limit voltage

switches

Block Power frequency, taps carrier frequency


Line Traps and
signals required for control, protection and
Coupling communication duties.
Capacitors for
PLCC System
Capacitors Changes system parameters and improves
system capacity, power factor, voltage etc.

Shunt/ Series Change system parameters, controls excess


Secondary Equipment
Control Panels & Senses signal from the protective panels,
Synch. Panel instrument transformers and or operators to
perform switching on or off of various circuits and
devices to control, protect network element or
management of a network function.

Annunciation The signals are sensed directly from the instrument


Protection Panels transformers and monitors preset conditions,
discriminates healthiness of the circuits, decides
security level of the networks and sends signal of
warning, restoration action, control signals,
records etc.

PLCC Panels Provides switching and interconnection between


circuits / stations, panels etc. for communication of
data, voice or control and protection signals.

Meters Records voltage, current, energy, frequency, load


etc. for accounting as well as statistical information
Secondary Equipment

SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System

Cables (Power, Provides electrical connection between primary


Control & system equipment and secondary and auxiliary
system equipment and carries signals of control
communication)
commands and protection.
Station Auxiliry

Fire Protection Detects existence of fire and operates systems to


control damage of various equipment live etc.

Structure Supports the conductor, equipment, insulators etc.

LT Power Supply Provides electrical power for operating driving various


equipment, cooling, stimulating and making functional to
many other equipment and other systems.

Air conditioning Conditions the ambient Temperature for effective operation of


and ventilation sophisticated electronic devices of secondary system and
improving performance in pollution free environment.

Lighting Provides illumination etc.

DC Battery and The essential input for functioning of the secondary system
DC power supply equipment.
Station Auxiliry
Compressed To provide compressed air for pneumatic machines
Air System
Buildings Accommodates the switchyard, Control / Protection
equipment etc.

Water supply Essential as an amenity as well as operation of fire fighting


system etc.

Civil Works Land for installation of sub-station, roads, drains, cable


trenches, buildings foundations, site surfacing etc.
Selection of Bus Switching
Scheme
 PRE-REQUISITES

1) System security
2) Operational flexibility
3) Simplicity of protection
arrangements
4) Ability to limit short circuit levels
(ease of sectionalizing)
5) Maintenance – Its effect on system
security
6) Ease of extension
7) Total land area
8) cost
DESIGN GUIDELINES

 OPTIONS/ALTERNATIVES

1)Single sectionalised bus


2)Main and transfer bus
3)Double(Two) Main bus
4)Double main and transfer bus
6) One & half breaker
7) Ring bus
8)Double bus, double breaker
SWITCHING ARRANGEMENT

Bus section
Bus bar

SINGLE BUS BAR ARRANGEMENT WITH SECTON BREAKER.


SWITCHING ARRANGEMENT

MAIN BUS

TRANSFER BUS

MAIN AND TRANSFER BUS ARRANGEMENT


SWITCHING ARRANGEMENT

BUS-I

BUS-II

TWO BUS ARRANGEMENT


SWITCHING ARRANGEMENT
MAIN BUS-I

MAIN BUS-II

TRANSFER BUS

TWO MAIN AND TRANSFER BUS ARRANGEMENT


SWITCHING ARRANGEMENT
BUS-I

BUS-II

ONE AND HALF BREAKER ARRANGEMENT


SWITCHING ARRANGEMENT

RING ARRANGEMENT
General Parameters

 Power Frequency Voltage.


 Lightning Impulse Voltage.
 Switching Impulse Voltage.
 Creepage Distance
 Rated Continuous Current
 Short Time Current
Switchyard layout

Objective:
Substation layout consists essentially in arranging
a number of switchgear components in an orderly
pattern governed by their function and rules of
spatial separation.
Pre-requisites:
1) single line diagram
2) Voltage & current rating
3) general layout plan of land
4) orientation of line evacuation
5) Type of Insulation
LAYOUT CONTD…

2) Equipment spacing
a) Ease of maintenance/removal of
equipment.
b) Equipment foundation & their
cable trenches.
c) Distance between LA and equipment
based on the protection reach of LA.
d) The spacings are generally kept in
order to achieve various clearances
LAYOUT CONTD…
3) Bus bars:
The bus bars of 400 kV switchyard are generally made up 4“ IPS
aluminum tube or Quad Moose rated for 3000 A”.
The bus bars of 220/132kV switchyard are generally made up of
3“IPS aluminum tube single / twin moose conductor”. Bus bars are
placed at right angles to the feeders for tapping the power.

4) Switchyard area.

5) Connection Level

6) Equipment Interconnection & Isolators

7) Road Layout

8) Switchyard location & approach


LAYOUT CONTD…

9) Control Room Layout

10) Lighting System

11) Cabling Philosophy

12) Metal/ Gravel Filling

13) Earthing System

14) Lightning Protection System


COMPARASON BETWEEN AIS AND GIS
SUBSTATION FOOTPRINT FOR HECTOR

192

400kV AIS

400kV GIS

Trfr 1 Trfr 2 Trfr 3 Trfr 4 SVC Trfrs


69 ~10%
275kV GIS
275kV AIS
INDOOR GIS
OUTDDOR GIS – SEISMIC AREAS
OVERHEAD STRUNG BUSBARS
LOW PROFILE SUPPORTED TUBULAR
BUSBAR SUBSTATIONS
TYPICAL TUBULAR BB BUS SECTION
BAY
THANK YOU!
DISCUSSIONS OF SCHEMES

Main and Transfer Bus Scheme


SCHEMES CONTD…
 SCHEME 2

Sectionalised Double Main and Transfer Bus Scheme


DISCUSSIONS OF SCHEMES
 SCHEME 3

One and Half Breaker Bus Scheme


((((

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