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CONDITIONALS

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14 views11 pages

CONDITIONALS

Uploaded by

tobaresbrisa000
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CONDITIONALS

TYPES 0, 1, 2 AND 3
ZERO CONDITIONAL
• The zero conditional is used to make statements about the real world, and often

refers to general truths, such as scientific facts. In these sentences, the time is now

or always and the situation is real and possible.


-If you freeze water, it becomes a solid.
-Plants die if they don't get enough water.

• In zero conditional sentences, you can replace "if" with "when", because both

express general truths. The meaning will be unchanged.


-If you heat ice, it melts.
-Ice melts if you heat it.
-When you heat ice, it melts.
-Ice melts when you heat it.

• The structure is: if/when + present simple >> present simple.


FIRST CONDITIONAL
• We use the first conditional when we talk about future situations we believe are real or possib

We can also use this conditional t make predictions using might/may/could/will/won’t.

-If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we'll go to the beach.

-Barcelona will be top of the league if they win.

-You might annoy people if you constantly sniff!

-If you fold your arms, you could look defensive.

• In first conditional sentences, the structure is usually: if/when + present simple >> will +

infinitive.

• It is also common to use this structure with unless, as long as, as soon as or in case instead of i

-I'll leave as soon as the babysitter arrives.

-I don't want to stay in London unless I get a well-paid job.

-I'll give you a key in case I'm not at home.


SECOND CONDITIONAL
• The second conditional is used to imagine present or future situations that

are impossible, imaginary or unlikely in reality.

-If we had a garden, we could have a cat.

-If I won a lot of money, I'd buy a big house in the country.

The structure is usually: if + past simple >> + would/could + infinitive.

• When if is followed by the verb be, it is grammatically correct to say if I

were, if he were, if she were and if it were. However, it is also common to

hear these structures with was, especially in the he/she form.

-If I were you, I wouldn't mention it./ -I wouldn't worry if I were you.

-If she was prime minister, she would invest more money in schools.

-He would travel more if he was younger.


THIRD CONDITIONAL
• The third conditional is used to imagine a different past. We

imagine a change in a past situation and the different result of


that change. (we also use it to talk about regrets about the past).

-If I had understood the instructions properly, I would have passed


the exam.
-We wouldn't have got lost if my phone hadn't run out of battery.
• In third conditional sentences, the structure is usually: If + past

perfect >> would have + past participle.


EXERCISE: Complete the following
sentences with conditionals 0, 1, 2 and 3
1. If it ______________ (be) a nice day tomorrow, I ______________ (wash)
the car.
2. If I ______________ (be) you, I ______________ ( tell) him the truth.
3. If I ______________ (get) the job, I ______________ (have) a better wage.
4. If I ______________ (win) the lottery, I ______________ (buy) a house near
the beach.
5. If you ______________ (ask) me yesterday, I ______________ (help) you
but I can’t now because I don’t have time.
6. If you ______________ (tell) me you were coming, I ______________
(make) a cake.
7. If Mary ______________ (not come) within the next ten minutes, we
______________ (have to) leave without her.
8. I ______________ (go) to University in two years if I ______________ (pass)
all my exams.
9. If you ______________ (mix) red and white, you ______________ (get)
pink.
10. If you ______________ (meet) Brad Pitt, what ______________ (you/say)?
MIXED CONDITIONALS
PAST/PRESENT
• This conditional is used to talk about an unreal past
condition and its probable result in the present.
- If I had worked harder at school, I would have a
better job now.
- We wouldn't be lost if we had looked at the map.
If clause (condition) Main clause (result)
If + past perfect present conditional
(would/wouldn’t + verb base form)
If this thing had happened that thing would happen.
PRESENT/PAST
• This conditional is used to talk about an unreal present
situation and its probable (but unreal) past result.
- If I was a good cook, I'd have invited them to lunch.
- If we didn't trust him we would have sacked him
months ago.
If clause (condition) Main clause (result)
If + simple past perfect conditional (would/wouldn’t
have+ past participle)
If this thing happened that thing would have happened.
EXERCISE 1: Complete the following
sentences using mixed conditionals
A. I would be happier if I ___________ (say) “yes” when he
asked me to marry him.
B. I ___________ (call) you last night if I had more time.
C. If I ___________ (love) you, I wouldn’t have married you.
D. I would have invited you to dinner if I ___________ (be)
a good cook.
E. If I ___________ (lie) to him, we would be together now.
F. We ___________ (travel) by plane if he weren’t afraid of
flying.
G. If you hadn’t taken dad’s car last night, you ___________
(not be) in trouble now.

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