Voluntary Standards Development

of
Advanced Safety Systems

Dan Selke
Chair
SAE Safety & Human Factors Committee

NHTSA Forum on Human Factors Research

to support
Advanced Vehicle Safety Technologies
Falls Church, VA
January 25, 2007
 Objectives
 Review SAE Safety & Human Factor’s Mission
 New Recommended Practices
 Current Recommended Practices as Works in
Progress (WIP)
 ISO Relationship
 Published ISO Standards
 Six SAE S&HF Subcommittees
 Review of Subcommittee work
 Conclusions
SAE S&HF’s Mission
 To focus on Human Factors as a cross-cutting
discipline that has applications to the design,
operation, and evaluation of human-machine
operating characteristics for advanced vehicle
systems.
 Address issues of interface design, driver workload,
safety system complexity, ease of use, and the
response of drivers to automatic control systems,
especially with regard to risk compensation.
 Provides input to the work of ISO TC22/SC13.
 New Recommended Practices developed
simultaneously or just before market introduction

 SAE J2364 – Navigation & Route Guidance Function

Accessibility While Driving
 SAE J2365 – Calculation of the Time to Complete In-
Vehicle Navigation & Route Guidance Tasks
 SAE J2395 – ITS In-Vehicle Message Priority
 SAE J2399 – Adaptive Cruise Control Operating
Characteristics and User Interface
 SAE J2400 – Human Factors in Forward Collision Warning
Systems: Operating Characteristics & User Interface
Requirements
 SAE J2678 – Navigation & Route Guidance Function
Accessibility While Driving Rationale
 Current Recommended Practices
as Works in Progress (WIP)

 SAE J2396 – Definitions and Experimental

Measures Related to the Specification of
Driver Visual Behavior Using Video-Based
Techniques
 SAE J2397 – Integration of ITS In-Vehicle
User Interface Standard
 SAE J2398 – In-Vehicle ITS Display Legibility
Standard
 SAE J2478 – Proximity Type Lane Change
Collision Avoidance
ISO Relationship
 SAE S&HF works closely with ISO in
developing standards
 Four Working Groups within TC22/SC13/:
 WG3 – Localization of Controls & Telltales
 WG5 – Symbols
 WG7 – Hand Reach and R- and H-Point
determination
 WG8 – TICS On-Board MMI (e.g., HMI of
telematics systems)
Published ISO Standards
 ISO 2575 – Symbols for controls, indicators and tell-tales
 ISO 16352 – Ergonomic aspects of in-vehicle presentation for
transport information and control systems – Warning systems
 Documents under 5-year review:

ISO 3958 – Driver hand-control reach

ISO 4040 – Location of Hand Controls, indicators and tell-tales in
motor vehicles
 New Working Draft Items:

ISO 15008 revision – Visual presentation of information (legibility)

ISO AWI 26022 – Simulated lane change test to assess driver
distraction

DIS 16673.2 – Occlusion method to assess visual distraction due to
the use of in-vehicle information and communication systems

N2657 – Calibration Task
Six SAE S&HF Subcommittees
 Warning Integration
 ITS Symbols
 Blind Spot Monitoring
 Driver Interface Design Requirements
for In-Vehicle Text Messaging
 Road/Lane Departure
 DRIver Performance Operational
Definitions (DRIPOD)
Warning Integration
 Drafted 2 methods to evaluate the
effectiveness of integrated warning systems
 Appropriate Response
 Timely Comprehension
 Members of the Subcommittee completed a
pilot study to evaluate/develop the timely
comprehension method
 Currently, balloting next draft of ISO 16352
document for WG8 Task Force
ITS Symbols Project
 Propose active safety symbols for SAE J2402
(ISO 2575)
 Proposed a general process/procedure on
symbol comprehension testing
 Process considers:

the maturity of active safety technology,

the need for a standard, and

any prioritization
 Recently worked with Alliance on developing
symbol for Electronic Stability Control
Blind Spot Monitoring
 Focuses on specifying the minimum requirements for Blind Spot
Monitoring System (BSMS) operational characteristics and elements of
the user interface.

 BSMS detects and conveys to the driver the presence of a Target (e.g.,
a vehicle), adjacent to the subject vehicle in the “traditional” Adjacent
Blind Spot Zone (ABSZ) via a visual display. The BSMS is not intended
to replace the need for interior and exterior rear-view mirrors or reduce
mirror size. BSMS is only intended as a supplement these mirrors and
will not take any automatic vehicle control action to prevent possible
collisions. While the BSMS will assist drivers in detecting the presence
of vehicles in their ABSZ, the absence of an Indicator will not guarantee
that the driver can safely make a lane change maneuver (e.g., vehicles
may be approaching rapidly outside the ABSZ area).

 Created initial draft in September 2006; Full Committee is crrently

balloting this initial draft
Driver Interface Design Requirements for
In-Vehicle Text Messaging
 Develop design guidelines for text message display
design
 Summarize literature regarding the most efficient
presentation, content, and interaction
 Identify credible procedures, heuristics, and principles
for textual display
 Examine specific formats and methods for display
 Build on previous work done by the U of Iowa, GM
and others.
 Expect an initial draft sometime in 2007
Road/Lane Departure
 Developing an Informational Report on:
 Warning levels

“…the time course of lane departure events will typically not
allow for a graded series of warnings - several warnings of
increasing urgency.” (Pomerleau et al., 1999)
 Warning presentation modality

Visual; haptic; auditory;

Auditory + Haptic;

Auditory + Visual;

Haptic + Visual; and

Auditory + Haptic + Visual
 System status indication
 System interface
DRIver Performance Operational
Definitions (DRIPOD)
 Inconsistent use of driving performance measures
due to lack of standard definitions makes comparison
of studies difficult.
 Example: Is a lane departure when tire touches the edge of
a line, the midpoint of a line, or crossing the line into the next
lane or when part of the body…
 Solution: Standard definitions, and where there are options,
provide them (e.g., headway per SAE Recommended
Practice xyz definition B). Ease of referencing makes them
likely to be used.
 Have a graduate student draft his Master’s Thesis on
this topic
Conclusions
 SAE S&HF is able to react quickly to the
market by introducing Recommended
Practices before a regulation or standard is
promulgated.
 We will continue to work closely with ISO in
developing common practices for all markets.
 We see ourselves as a partner with NHTSA
and the US DOT in promoting road and
vehicle safety.
THANK YOU