PHP ARRAYS

Presented By:-
Er. Yatika Hasija
Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science
Lovely Professional University
PHP arrays
• Arrays are complex variables that allow us to store more
than one value or a group of values under a single
variable name.
• An array stores multiple values in one single
variable.

$cars = array("Volvo", "BMW", "Toyota");

//Declaring Arrays
Types of Arrays in PHP
There are three types of arrays that you can create. These
are:

• Indexed array — An array with a numeric key.

• Associative array — An array where each key has its
own specific value i.e Arrays with named keys
• Multidimensional array — An array containing one or
more arrays within itself.
Indexed Arrays
• An indexed or numeric array stores each array element with a
numeric index.

<?php
$courses = array("PHP", "Laravel", "Node js");
echo "I like " . $courses[0] . ", " . $courses[1] . " and " .
$courses[2];
echo "<br>";
echo count($courses);
?>
OUTPUT:
I like PHP, Laravel and Node js
3
Working With Arrays
• Create Arrays
• Access Arrays
• Update Arrays
• Add Array Items
• Remove Array Items
• Sort Arrays
Create Array

You can create arrays by using the array() function:

$cars = array("Volvo", "BMW", "Toyota");
Short syntax by using the [] brackets:
$cars = ["Volvo", "BMW", "Toyota"];
 Multiple Lines
Line breaks are not important, so an array declaration can
span multiple lines:

$cars = [
"Volvo",
"BMW",
"Toyota"
];
Trailing Comma

A comma after the last item is allowed:

$cars = [
"Volvo",
"BMW",
"Toyota",
];
 Array Keys

When creating indexed arrays the keys are given

automatically, starting at 0 and increased by 1 for each item,
so the array above could also be created with keys:

$cars = [
0 => "Volvo",
1 => "BMW",
2 =>"Toyota"
];
Associative Arrays
Indexed arrays are the same as associative arrays, but
associative arrays have names instead of numbers:

$myCar = [
"brand" => "Ford",
"model" => "Mustang",
"year" => 1964
];
Declare Empty Array

You can declare an empty array first, and add items to it

later:
$cars = [];
$cars[0] = "Volvo";
$cars[1] = "BMW";
$cars[2] = "Toyota";
Associative arrays
• The same goes for associative arrays, you can declare
the array first, and then add items to it:
$myCar = [];
$myCar["brand"] = "Ford";
$myCar["model"] = "Mustang";
$myCar["year"] = 1964;
Mixing Array Keys

You can have arrays with both indexed and named keys:
$myArr = [];
$myArr[0] = "apples";
$myArr[1] = "bananas";
$myArr["fruit"] = "cherries";
Access Array Item

• To access an array item, you can refer to the index

number for indexed arrays, and the key name for
associative arrays.

$cars = array("Volvo", "BMW", "Toyota");

echo $cars[2];
To access items from an associative array, use
the key name:
$cars = array("brand" => "Ford", "model" => "Mustang",
"year" => 1964);
echo $cars["year"];
Double or Single Quotes

• You can use both double and single quotes when

accessing an array

echo $cars["model"];
echo $cars['model'];
 Excecute a Function Item
Array items can be of any data type, including function.

To execute such a function, use the index number followed

by parentheses ():

function myFunction() {
echo "I come from a function!";
}
$myArr = array("Volvo", 15, myFunction);
$myArr[2]();
 Use the key name when the function is an item in
a associative array:
function myFunction() {
echo "I come from a function!";
}

$myArr = array("car" => "Volvo", "age" => 15, "message" =>

myFunction);

$myArr["message"]()
Loop Through an Indexed Array(for loop)
<?php
$courses = array("PHP", "Laravel", "Node js");
$courseslength = count($courses); //can use sizeof()

for($x = 0; $x <$courseslength; $x++) {

echo $courses[$x];
echo "<br>";
}
?>
OUTPUT:
PHP
Laravel
Node js
Loop Through an Indexed Array(PHP foreach
Loop)
• The foreach loop is used to iterate over arrays.
• It is used to loop through each key/value pair in an array.
<?php
$courses = array("PHP", "Laravel", "Node js");

// Loop through colors array

foreach($courses as $course){
echo $course . "<br>";
}
?>

OUTPUT:
PHP
Laravel
Node js
Loop Through an Indexed Array

$cars = array("Volvo", "BMW", "Toyota");

foreach ($cars as $x) {
echo "$x <br>";
}
Loop Through an Associative Array

To loop through and print all the values of an associative

array, you can use a foreach loop, like this:

$car = array("brand"=>"Ford", "model"=>"Mustang",

"year"=>1964);
foreach ($car as $x => $y) {
echo "$x: $y <br>";
}
Associative Array
• Associative arrays are arrays that use named keys that
you assign to them.

• We can associate name with each array elements in PHP

using => symbol.

• The keys assigned to values can be arbitrary and user

defined strings.
Associative Array(contd.)
<?php
$courses = array("INT220"=>"PHP", "INT221"=>"Laravel",
"INT222"=>"Node js");
echo "INT 220 is ".$courses['INT220'].". INT 221 is ".
$courses['INT221'].". INT222 is ".$courses['INT222'];
?>
OUTPUT:
INT 220 is PHP. INT 221 is Laravel. INT222 is Node js
Associative Array(contd.)
<?php
$courses["INT220"] = "PHP";
$courses["INT221"] = "Laravel";
$courses["INT222"] = "Node js";

// Printing array structure

print_r($courses); //Print the information about some
variables in a more human-readable way:
?>

OUTPUT:
Array ( [INT220] => PHP [INT221] => Laravel [INT222] => Node
js )
Loop Through an Associative Array(for each
loop)
<?php
$courses =
array("INT220"=>"PHP","INT221"=>"Laravel","INT222"=>"Node
js");
foreach($courses as $course => $value) {
echo "Key=".$course.","."Value=".$value;
echo "<br>";
}
?>
OUTPUT:
Key=INT220, Value=PHP
Key=INT221, Value=Laravel
Key=INT222, Value=Node js
Loop Through an Associative Array(for loop)
<?php
$courses = array('INT220'=>'PHP','INT221'=>'Laravel','INT222'=>
'Node js');
$keys = array_keys($courses);
$values = array_values($courses);
for($x=0; $x<count($courses); $x++) {
echo "Key=".$keys[$x].','."Value=".$values[$x]. "<br>";
}
?>
OUTPUT:
Key=INT220,Value=PHP
Key=INT221,Value=Laravel
Key=INT222,Value=Node js
PHP Update Array Items

To update an existing array item, you can refer to the index

number for indexed arrays, and the key name for
associative arrays.

$cars = array("Volvo", "BMW", "Toyota");

$cars[1] = "Ford";
To update items from an associative array, use
the key name:
$cars = array("brand" => "Ford", "model" => "Mustang",
"year" => 1964);
$cars["year"] = 2024;
Add Array Item

• To add items to an existing array, you can use the bracket

[] syntax.

$fruits = array("Apple", "Banana", "Cherry");

$fruits[] = "Orange";
Associative Arrays

• To add items to an associative array, or key/value array,

use brackets [] for the key, and assign value with the =
operator

$cars = array("brand" => "Ford", "model" => "Mustang");

$cars["color"] = "Red";
Add Multiple Array Items

$fruits = array("Apple", "Banana", "Cherry");

array_push($fruits, "Orange", "Kiwi", "Lemon");
print_r($fruits);// The array_push() function inserts one
or more elements to the end of an array.
Add Multiple Items to Associative Arrays

To add multiple items to an

existing array, you can use
the += operator.
$cars = array("brand" => "Ford", "model" =>
"Mustang");
$cars += ["color" => "red", "year" => 1964];
 Remove Array Item
To remove an existing item from an array, you can use the array_splice()
function.

With the array_splice() function you specify the index (where to start) and
how many items you want to delete.

<?php
$cars = array("Volvo", "BMW", "Toyota");
array_slice($cars, 1, 1); //If want to remove an element without
causing gaps in the indexes
var_dump($cars);
?>

After the deletion, the array gets reindexed automatically, starting

at index 0.
Multidimensional Arrays
• The multidimensional array is an array in which each
element can also be an array and each element in the
sub-array can be an array or further contain array within
itself and so on.
Multidimensional Arrays(contd.)
OUTPUT:
<?php Manoj----CGPA is: 7.8 and his status is
$result = array( pass
array("Manoj",7.8,"pass"), Aditya----CGPA is: 8.5 and his status is
pass
array("Aditya",8.5,"pass"),
Anuj----CGPA is: 4.9 and his status is fail
array("Anuj",4.9,"fail")
);
echo $result[0][0]. "----CGPA is: " . $result[0][1]." and his status is ".
$result[0][2]."<br>";
echo $result[1][0]. "----CGPA is: " . $result[1][1]." and his status is ".
$result[1][2]."<br>";
echo $result[2][0]. "----CGPA is: " . $result[2][1]." and his status is ".
$result[2][2];
?>
Multidimensional Arrays(contd.)
<?php
$result = array(
array(
"name" => "Manoj",
OUTPUT:
"cgpa" => 7.8, Manoj----CGPA is: 7.8 and his status is pass
),
"status" => "pass"
Aditya----CGPA is: 8.5 and his status is pass
array( Anuj----CGPA is: 4.9 and his status is fail
"name" => "Aditya",
"cgpa" => 8.5,
"status" => "pass"
),
array(
"name" => "Anuj",
"cgpa" => 4.9,
"status" => "fail"
)
);
echo $result[0]["name"]. "----CGPA is: " . $result[0]["cgpa"]." and his status is ".$result[0]["status"]."<br>";
echo $result[1]["name"]. "----CGPA is: " . $result[1]["cgpa"]." and his status is ".$result[1]["status"]."<br>";
echo $result[2]["name"]. "----CGPA is: " . $result[2]["cgpa"]." and his status is ".$result[2]["status"];
?>
Loop Through an Multidimensional Array(for
loop)
<?php
$result = array ( OUTPUT:

array("Manoj",7.8,"pass"),
array("Aditya",8.5,"pass"), Row number 0
Manoj
array("Anuj",4.9,"fail") 7.8
Pass
);
Row number 1
Aditya
for ($row = 0; $row < 3; $row++) { 8.5
echo "<h4>Row number $row</h4>"; Pass

for ($col = 0; $col < 3; $col++) { Row number 2

echo $result[$row][$col]."<br>"; Anuj
4.9
}
fail
}
?>
Loop Through an Multidimensional
Array(foreach loop)
<?php
OUTPUT:
$result = array (
array("Manoj",7.8,"pass"),
Row number 0
array("Aditya",8.5,"pass"),
Manoj
array("Anuj",4.9,"fail") 7.8
); Pass

for($row = 0; $row < 3; $row++) { Row number 1

echo "<h4>Row number $row</h4>"; Aditya
8.5
Pass
foreach ($result[$row] as $resul) {
Row number 2
echo $resul."<br>"; Anuj
} 4.9
fail
}
?>
Loop Through an Multidimensional
Array(foreach loop)
<?php
$books =
array("C++" => array("name" => "Beginning with C","copies" =>8),
"PHP" => array("name" => "Basics of PHP","copies" => 10),
"Laravel" => array("name" => "MVC","copies" => 3)
); C++
name = Beginning with C
copies = 8
$keys = array_keys($books);
for($i = 0; $i < count($books); $i++) { PHP
echo "<h1>$keys[$i]</h1>"; name = Basics of PHP
copies = 10
foreach($books[$keys[$i]] as $key => $value) {
echo $key . " = " . $value . "<br>"; Laravel
} name = MVC
copies = 3
}
?>
Enums
• Enums allow you to define a set of named constants
that represent a finite list of possible values for a
variable.
enum
consider that you are building a web application that
allows customers to order coffee online, you can use an
enum to represent the different sizes of coffee that
customers can order.

enum CoffeeSize {
SMALL,
MEDIUM,
LARGE
};
• In this example, we define
an enum called CoffeeSize that represents the size of a
coffee. The enum has three constants: SMALL,
MEDIUM, and LARGE.

$coffeeSize = CoffeeSize::MEDIUM;