EGP.presentation

Food and
Water
Security
QUESTIONS
What is the impact of rising food prices on farmers
and producers?
There are many factors contributing to today’s food

security crisis. For example, how is climate change
having an impact?
Is there a clear connection between higher food

prices and the rise of poverty?
How can we protect agricultural lands from urban

spread?
Can we tackle the financialisation of food?
Should we instead address global overpopulation?

Food Security
 Based on the 1996 World Food Summit, food security is
defined when all people, at all times, have physical and
economic access to sufficient safe and nutritious food that
meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an
active and healthy life
 According to Oxford dictionary, food security is the state of

having reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable,
nutritious food.
 Food security exists when all people, at all times, have

access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their
dietary needs and food preferences for an active and
healthy life.
Water
Security
‘the reliable availability of an acceptable quality and
quantity of water for health, livelihood and production,
coupled with an acceptable level of water-related risks.’
Water security is a critical global issue, as access to clean

and reliable water is essential for various sectors, including
agriculture, industry, energy, sanitation, and human
consumption.
In a world marked by rapid population growth, urbanization, and the

looming specter of climate change, the availability and
management of water resources have become pivotal factors in
determining the health, well-being, and sustainable development of
societies across the globe.
Challenges for Water security
• Water scarcity
• Climate change
• Water Pollution
• Over population
• Over-extraction of Groundwater
Challenges for Food
security
• Water scarcity
• Climate change
• Pollution
• Over population
• Unsustainable Agricultural Practices
• Inorganic agriculture
Water
Availability
 Freshwater is useful for food production,
power generation, manufacturing, and
sanitation . According to united nations,
around 70% of all freshwater is
appropriate for human use. So, if these
source gets in danger due to any risk
factors it gets hard for humans to survive
as water is the key factor for any living
beings to survival.
 Although the Earth's surface is two-thirds

water, less than three percent is fresh.
 Currently at least 4 billion people, more

than half the global population experience
WATER QUALITY FACTS
 One in nine people world wide uses drinking water from
unimproved and unsafe source
 2.4 billion people live without any form of sanitation.
 90% of sewage in developing countries is discharged
untreated directly into water bodies.
 Everyday 2 million tones of sewage and other effluents
drain into the world’s water.
 Industry discharge an estimated 300-400 mega tones of
waste into water bodies every year.
Inorganic agriculture.
As per FAO report, 75% of the world’s

food crop diversity has lost in the
twentieth century due to replacement of
local varieties by High Yielding Varieties
(HYV’s) and the intensive monoculture.
Monoculture depletes nutrients in the
soil and the microorganisms required for
biodiversity and soil fertility. The longer
one crop is farmed, the more chemical
fertilizers are added, destroying the
natural makeup of the soil
The global demand for crops has

bolstered the market for agrochemicals.
For example, global sales revenues for
inorganic fertilizers were approximately
US$ 151 billion in 2018 and are projected
POPULATION GROWTH AND
DEMAND
Between1930 and 2023 the world’s population
grew from 2 billion to 8 billion ,so the
continuing population causes a consumption
growth and that means the global demand will
increase over the next years and growing
competition for land, water and energy will
increase. Growth of population will affect on
some countries ability to produce food
especially in the poor developing countries. As
the demand increases price also increases
resulting to the high price and unavailability.
Food producing land cannot be increased as
per population, but the demand is highly
increasing.
According to UN food and agriculture

organization (FAO) , one of the leading food
producing country is United States of America
(USA). USA alone produced 383.84 million tons
of agricultural product in 2021 which is around
28.32 million ton less compared to year 2016,
Climate Change in Food and Water
Security
Water and climate change are inextricably linked. Extreme
weather events are making water more scarce, more
unpredictable, more polluted or all three. These impacts
throughout the water cycle threaten sustainable development,
biodiversity, and people’s access to water and sanitation.
Flooding and rising sea levels can contaminate land and water
resources with saltwater or faecal matter, and cause damage to
water and sanitation infrastructure, such as waterpoints, wells,
toilets and wastewater treatment facilities.
Climate change presents a grave threat to global food security,

with the World Food Programme estimating that every 1°C
increase in global temperatures could lead to a 6% decline in
wheat yields and a 10% decline in rice yields. Extreme weather
events attributed to climate change, such as droughts, floods,
and heatwaves, have already reduced crop productivity by 1.0-
2.5% per decade, potentially pushing an additional 122 million
people into poverty by 2030, according to the FAO. The
unpredictability caused by shifting climatic conditions makes
crop planning and production increasingly challenging for
Impact of High prices on
farmers and production
High food pricing has a profound impact on farmers and agricultural

production, as it can create a complex web of challenges. According to
the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), volatile food prices can
lead to reduced investment in farming, limited access to inputs, and
decreased agricultural productivity. In developing countries, where
small-scale farmers often dominate, these price fluctuations can lead
to income insecurity, reduced profits, and even push some into
poverty. For example, during periods of high food prices, smallholder
farmers in low-income countries may struggle to afford seeds,
fertilizers, and equipment, ultimately hindering their ability to
produce sufficient food. This vicious cycle not only threatens the
livelihoods of farmers but also undermines overall food production,
contributing to global food security concerns.
Conclusion
In a world challenged by climate change
and increasing demand, ensuring food
and water security is not just a goal but a
necessity. The intricate links between
these resources underscore the urgency
of sustainable practices, resilient
systems, and equitable access.
Addressing these issues demands global
cooperation, innovative solutions, and
proactive policies to build a future where
no one goes hungry or lacks clean water.
Our commitment to these fundamental
needs will determine the well-being and
prosperity of current and future
generations.

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Food and

There are many factors contributing to today’s food

Is there a clear connection between higher food

How can we protect agricultural lands from urban

Can we tackle the financialisation of food?

Should we instead address global overpopulation?

 According to Oxford dictionary, food security is the state of

 Food security exists when all people, at all times, have

Water security is a critical global issue, as access to clean

In a world marked by rapid population growth, urbanization, and the

• Unsustainable Agricultural Practices

 Although the Earth's surface is two-thirds

 Currently at least 4 billion people, more

As per FAO report, 75% of the world’s

The global demand for crops has

According to UN food and agriculture

Climate change presents a grave threat to global food security,

High food pricing has a profound impact on farmers and agricultural

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