DISEASES OF

RESPIRATORY
&
CIRCULATORY
HEALTHY
LIFESTYLE
PREVENTION
 MOST ESSENTIAL
LEARNING
COMPETENCIES
Infer how one’s lifestyle can affect
the functioning of respiratory and
circulatory systems. (S9LT-lc-27)
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
0 Identify the common diseases and
1 disorders of the respiratory system.
0 Determine the cause of some
2 respiratory diseases.
0 Infer the negative effects of cigarette
3 smoking on the respiratory system.
RECALL
What is the primary function of the
respiratory system?

What are the parts of the respiratory

system?
Name the parts by labeling the
illustration.

NOSE

LARYNX

LUNGS
1. What is cigarette
smoking?
2. What are the
disadvantages of smokers
in terms of their health
habits?
3. What are the effects of
 GROUP
ACTIVITY
 Give your own observation and
analysis
1. Compare the healthy from unhealthy
lungs of a smoker.
2. Identify the effects of cigarette
smoking on the respiratory system.
3. Take note of the illnesses that might
develop due to cigarette smoking in our
respiratory system.
1. What is a respiratory disease?
2. How do respiratory diseases affect the
body?
3. What are the most common respiratory
diseases? Describe each.
4. What are the common symptoms of
respiratory diseases?
5. Can you explain the difference between
chronic and acute respiratory diseases?
RESPIRATOR
Y DISEASES
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
Disease (COPD)
Asthma
Bronchitis
Emphysema
Tuberculosis
Lung cancer
Sinusitis
Pneumonia
Influenza
Covid-19.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
Disease (COPD)
a common lung disease
causing restricted
airflow and breathing
problems
people with COPD, the
lungs can get damaged
or clogged with phlegm
CAUSES
Smoking and Air pollution
SYMPTOMS
Difficulty breathing
Chronic cough with phlegm
Feeling tired
TREATMENT
Quit smoking
Avoiding air pollution
Getting vaccines
 ASTHMA

a common, continuing
respiratory condition that
causes difficulty breathing
due to inflammation of the
airways.
CAUSES
Smoking, Allergies, Weather,
SYMPTOMS
Coughing
Wheezing
Shortness of breath
Chest tightness
TREATMENT
Quit smoking
Get vaccinated
Avoid asthma triggers
BRONCHITIS

when the airways

leading to your
lungs (trachea and
bronchi) get
inflamed and fill
with mucus
Acute bronchitis
Acute bronchitis is usually caused by a viral
infection and goes away on its own in a few
weeks. Most people don’t need treatment for
acute bronchitis.
Chronic bronchitis
You have chronic bronchitis if you have a
cough with mucus most days of the month for
three months out of the year. This goes on for
at least two years.
CAUSES
Smoking, Pollution, Viruses, Bacteria
SYMPTOMS
Fever
Shortness of breath (dyspnea)
Runny nose
Tiredness (fatigue)
TREATMENT
Quit smoking
Bronchodilators
Antibiotics
EMPHYSEMA

is a lung disease
that results from
damage to the walls
of the alveoli in
your lungs
CAUSES
Smoking, Air pollutants, Genetic
SYMPTOMS
Long term coughing
Weight loss
Tightness in the chest
Shortness of breath
Wheezing
TREATMENT
Quit smoking
Bronchodilators
Antibiotics
TUBERCULOSI
S
is an infectious disease
that can cause infection
in your lungs or other
tissues
caused by the
bacterium Mycobacteriu
m tuberculosis
CAUSES
Smoking, Bacteria
SYMPTOMS
Bad cough (longer than two weeks)
Weight loss
Pain in the chest
Coughing up blood
TREATMENT
Quit smoking
Medication
 LUNG
CANCER
is a disease caused by
uncontrolled cell
division in your lungs
CAUSES
Smoking, Gene changes (mutations)
SYMPTOMS
Cough that doesn’t go away or gets worse
Trouble breathing
Chest pain
Wheezing
Coughing up blood
TREATMENT
Chemotherapy
Surgery/Radiotherapy
 SINUSITIS

is an inflammation,
or swelling, of the
tissue lining your
sinuses
rhinosinusitis
CAUSES
Smoking, Bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
SYMPTOMS
Stuffy nose
Headache
Tiredness
Bad breath (halitosis)
TREATMENT
Decongestants
OTC cold and allergy medications
Antibiotics
PNEUMONIA
is an infection in your
lungs caused by bacteria,
viruses or fungi.
Pneumonia causes your
lung tissue to swell
(inflammation) and can
cause fluid or pus in your
lungs.
CAUSES
Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi

TREATMENT
Antibiotics
Antifungal/Antiviral
medications
Oxygen therapy
 INFLUENZA
(FLU)

is a common contagious
respiratory illness you get
from the influenza virus.
CAUSES
Viruses

SYMPTOMS
Headache
Dry, persistent cough
Shortness of breath
Tiredness and weakness
TREATMENT
Get vaccinated
CORONAVIRUS(COVID-
19)
this new disease comes from a
type of coronavirus named SARS-
CoV-2. Symptoms show up to 14
days. Some are asymptomatic that
no symptoms show, but they are
already infected and can spread
the virus if not in isolation.
Can cause mild to severe
respiratory illness, including death
Direction: Read and analyze the
paragraph /situation carefully.
Guess what’s the respiratory
diseases is being stated in each
paragraph. Explain your answers
and think of the possible solution to
prevent that.
1. During the fire incident in Barangay Longos,
Daniel inhaled huge amount of smoke after
saving Katerina in a house fire.
After the incident, Daniel experiences
excessive coughing every night, and difficulty
in breathing. Her mother Emily, have a hunch,
he might have what kind of disease?

ASTHMA
 2. One day, Georgia catches a cold, with seldom
coughing. She ignored it and she did not realize that
the viruses in her nose started to spread in her lungs.
After a week, she experienced shortness in breathing
and coughs with greenish bloody liquids. When a
doctor tried to check her the doctor advised her to
take the antibiotics, and added to that it is not an
ordinary asthma. What could be Georgia’s disease?

PNEUMONIA
 EVALUATION

Directions:
Read each question/statement
carefully. Choose the letter of the
correct answer.
1. What are the symptoms of lung
cancer?
a. Diarrhea and sneezing

b. Coughing and wheezing

c. Loss of speech and movement
2. What are the symptoms of
emphysema?
a.Diarrhea and sneezing

b. Coughing and wheezing

c. Loss of speech and movement
3. What is the chronic respiratory
condition that causes difficulty in
breathing due to inflammation of the
airways?
a.Asthma
b. Bronchitis
c. Emphysema
d. Pneumonia
4. Smoking is the common cause of emphysema. Which
situation will happen when you quit smoking
immediately?
a. The blood in your lungs will lack oxygen
b. The amount of oxygen in your lungs will decrease
c. The blood pressure in your pulmonary artery will
increase
d. The amount of oxygen in your bloodstream will,
ultimately, increase
5. Who are you going to consult if you
are having a difficulty in breathing?
a. A Cardiologist
b. A Urologist
c. A Neurologist
d. A Pulmonologist
ANSWER
1. D
2. B
3. A
4. D
5. D
 Figure out the outcome of the situation
below:
Christina’s father is a smoker. She noticed her father
smokes almost every day when he is under stress. She
also observed that every time her father is smoking the
whole family is present most of the time. How might this
habit of her father affect the health of her family?
Explain.
Essential questions:
1. What are the different dangerous effects of cigarette
smoking on respiratory system?
CIRCULATOR
Y DISEASES
Atherosclerosis/Arteriosclerosis Myocardial
ischemia, Heart Failure, Hypertension,
Stroke, Heart Attack, Angina pectoris,
Cardiac arrhythmia and Aneurysm.
The blood diseases are Anemia and
Leukemia.
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
0 Identify the common diseases and
1 disorders of the circulatory system.
0 Determine the cause of some
2 circulatory diseases.
0 Infer the negative effects of cigarette
3 smoking on the circulatory system.
RECALL
What is the primary function of the
circulatory system?

What are the parts of the circulatory

system?
Name the parts by labeling the
illustration.
HEART

VEINS

ARTERIES
 Study the picture below,
describe the condition of the
artery.
 Activity 2: The Case of
Cholesterol
Direction: Explain why cholesterol build-
up causes harm to the body. Explain
your answer in 2-3 sentences.
Cholesterol build-up (Atherosclerosis) is one of
the common diseases related to poor lifestyle
choices. There is a slow build-up of cholesterol (a
type of fat) that forms under the arteries that
eventually forms a plaque that narrows the
artery, which causes a variety of problems like
shortness of breath, blindness, and dizziness.
Chemicals in cigarette smoke cause the
blood to thicken and form clots inside veins and
arteries. Blockage from a clot can lead to a heart
attack and sudden death.
(CLUE: What is the role of arteries in delivering
oxygen from the respiratory to the circulatory
system? How does this also cause shortness of
breath?)
1. What is circulatory disease?
2. What are the different dangerous effects of
cigarette smoking on circulatory system?
3. What are the most common circulatory
diseases? Describe each.
4. How do circulatory diseases affect the
cardiovascular system?
5. What are the common symptoms of
circulatory diseases?
6. What are the most common blood diseases?
ATHEROSCLEROSIS/
ARTERIOSCLESROSIS
● is the gradual buildup of plaque
in the walls of your arteries
● As plaque builds up, your artery
wall grows thicker and harder
● the opening (lumen) of your
artery narrows, leaving less
room for blood to flow
● less blood can reach your
organs and tissues
● causing a blood clot to form
 CAUS SYMPTOM TREATME
EScholester
• High S
symptoms often NT
• Lifestyle
ol don’t start until an changes
artery is very
• Tobacco narrow or blocked.
• Medications
products. Many people don’t • Procedures or
• High blood know they have surgeries
pressure. plaque buildup until
• Diabetes. they have a
medical emergency
like a heart attack
or stroke.
 MYOCARDIAL
ISCHEMIA
● (or cardiac ischemia) means
your heart muscle is not getting
enough blood (which contains
oxygen and nutrients) to work
as it should
● is severe or goes on for more
than a few minutes, it can
damage your heart muscle.
Then it becomes a myocardial
infarction (heart attack)
 CAUS SYMPTOM TREATME
ES
• Coronary S common
most NT
symptom of • Lifestyle
artery
disease.
myocardial
ischemia
changes
• Blood clot.
•
is angina (also • Medicine
Coronary called angina
artery spasm. pectoris).
• Cocaine use. Neck or jaw pain
Nausea and
• Coronary vomiting
artery Sweating
dissection. Fatigue
There are two types of angina:
• Stable angina, which usually stops soon
after you rest or take medication to
manage it.
• Unstable angina, which can happen at
any time, even when you’re relaxed or
sleeping. It may not go away when you
take medication.
HEART FAILURE
● Or congestive heart failure, is a
long-term condition in which
your heart can’t pump blood
well enough to meet your
body’s needs.
● heart is still working, ut because
it can’t handle the amount of
blood it should, blood builds up
in other parts of your body. (it
collects in your lungs, legs and
feet)
 CAUS SYMPTOM TREATME
• Coronary artery
ES and/or hear • S
Shortness of breath. NT
disease
t attack.
• Waking up short of breath • Medication
at night.
• Heart issues •
•
Chest pain.
Heart palpitations.
• Surgical
present at
birth (congenital
• Fatigue when you’re
active. procedures
heart disease). • Swelling in your ankles,
• Diabetes. legs and abdomen.
• Weight gain.
• High blood • Need to urinate while
pressure (hypertens resting at night.
ion). • A dry, hacking cough.
• A full (bloated) or hard
• Kidney disease.
stomach.
• Tobacco and • Loss of appetite or upset
recreational drug stomach (nausea)
use.
 HYPERTENSION (HIGH BLOOD
PRESSURE)
● is when the force of blood pushing
against your artery walls is
consistently too high. This
damages your arteries over time
and can lead to serious
complications like heart attack
and stroke.
● “silent killer” because you usually
don’t have any symptoms
● Blood pressure (BP) is the
measurement of the pressure or
force of blood pushing against
 CAUS SYMPTOM TREATME
• Unhealthy eating
ES (including
patterns
• S people do
Most NT
• Lifestyle
a diet high in not have any
sodium). symptom changes to
• Lack of physical • if the blood lower blood
activity.
pressure is pressure
• High consumption
higher, you may
of beverages
containing alcohol. experience • Medications
• Kidney disease. symptoms like:
• Tobacco use • headaches
(including smoking,
• heart
vaping and using
smokeless tobacco). palpitations
• nosebleeds.
 ● is a life-threatening
STROKE condition that happens
when part of your brain
doesn’t have enough blood
flow. This most commonly
happens because of a
blocked artery or bleeding
in your brain. Without a
steady supply of blood, the
brain cells in that area start
to die from a lack of
oxygen.
 CAUS SYMPTOM TREATME
• Uncontrolled
ES S
• Trouble NT
• Medications
hypertensio speaking
n • Paralysis
• Trauma from • Headache
accident • Trouble
• Hemorrhage walking
HEART ATTACK
● (myocardial infarction) is an
extremely dangerous condition
that happens because you don’t
have enough blood flow to
some of your heart muscle. This
lack of blood flow can occur
because of many different
factors but is usually related to
a blockage in one or more of
your heart’s arteries.
 CAUS SYMPTOM TREATME
• Blocked
ES • S pain (angina).
Chest
NT
• Medications
• Shortness of breath
arteries or trouble • Surgical
breathing.
• Coronary • Trouble sleeping ( procedures
insomnia).
artery • Nausea or stomach
• Cardiac
disease discomfort. rehabilitatio
• Heart palpitations.
• Anxiety or a feeling n
of “impending
doom.”
• Feeling
lightheaded, dizzy
 ANGINA
PECTORIS
● is chest pain or discomfort that happens
when your heart isn’t receiving enough
oxygen-rich blood. As a result, your heart
may beat faster and harder to gain more
blood, causing you noticeable pain. Angina
isn’t a disease. It’s a symptom and a warning
sign of heart disease.
 CAUS SYMPTOM TREATME
• Reduced
ES S
• Fatigue. NT
• Medications
blood flow • Nausea or
vomiting. used
to your • Shortness of br specifically
heart ( eath to treat
. angina.
myocardial • Sweating a lot.
ischemia • Lifestyle
) changes
 CARDIAC
ARRHYTHMIA
● An arrhythmia (also called
dysrhythmia) is an
abnormal heartbeat.
Arrhythmias can start in
different parts of your
heart and they can be too
fast, too slow or just
irregular.
 CAUS SYMPTOM TREATME
• Coronary artery
ES • S palpitations
Heart NT
disease.
• Irritable tissue in your . • Medication
• Dizziness or
heart (due to genetic
or acquired causes). lightheadedness.
s
• High blood pressure.
• Changes in your heart • Fainting episodes. • Lifestyle
• Shortness of brea
muscle
(cardiomyopathy). th changes.
• Valve disorders.
• Injury from a heart
.
• Chest discomfort.
• Therapies.
attack.
• The healing process • Weakness or • Devices.
fatigue.
after heart surgery.
• Other medical A cardiac
• Surgery
conditions.
arrhythmia may be
ANEURYSM
● is a weak or expanded part of
an artery, like a bulge in a
balloon. Your arteries are large
blood vessels that carry
oxygenated blood from your
heart to other parts of your
body. If an area in an artery wall
weakens, the force of blood
pumping through can result in a
bulge or aneurysm.
 CAUS SYMPTOM TREATME
• Atherosclerosis
ES S
• Lightheaded. NTa
• Eat
(narrowing of • Rapid heart-healthy
the arteries). heartbeat. diet
• Family history • Sudden, .
of aneurysms. severe pain in • Exercise
• High blood pre your head, regularly.
ssure
chest, • Maintain a
.
abdomen or healthy
• Injury to your
back. weight.
aorta. • Sudden loss of • Avoid or
consciousness quit smoking.
 BLOOD DISEASES

●LEUKEMIA
●ANEMIA
 LEUKEMIA

● is a cancer of the blood,

characterized by the rapid
growth of abnormal blood cells
● cells are usually immature (still
developing) white blood cells.
The term leukemia comes from
the Greek words for “white”
(leukos) and “blood” (haima).
 TYPES OF
LEUKEMIA
● Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is the most common type of
leukemia in children, teens and young adults up to age 39. ALL can
affect adults of any age.
● Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)is the most common type of
acute leukemia in adults. It’s more common in older adults (those over
65). AML also occurs in children.
● Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common chronic
leukemia in adults (most common in people over 65). Symptoms may
not appear for several years with CLL.
● Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is more common in older
adults (most common in people over 65) but can affect adults of any
age. It rarely occurs in children. Symptoms may not appear for several
years with CML.
 CAUS SYMPTOM TREATME
• Leukemia starts when
the ES
DNA of a single
• S
Fatigue, tiring •
NT
Chemotherapy: Chemothera

cell in your bone easily. py is the most common form

of leukemia treatment.
marrow changes • Fever or night Immunotherapy (biologic
(mutates). DNA is the sweats. therapy): This treatment
uses certain drugs to boost
“instruction code” that • Frequent infections. your body’s defense system.
tells a cell when to • Shortness of breath. • Targeted therapy: This
treatment uses drugs
grow, how to develop • Pale skin. designed to attack specific
and when to die. • Unexplained weight parts of a leukemia cell (like a
Because of the protein or gene) that are
mutation, or coding
loss. causing them to overtake

error, leukemia cells • Bone/joint pain or normal blood cells.

• Radiation therapy: This
keep multiplying. All tenderness. treatment uses strong energy
cells arising from the • Pain or full feeling beams or X-rays to kill
leukemia cells or stop them
original mutated cell under your ribs on from growing.
also have the mutated the left side.
DNA.
 ANEMIA
● is a blood disorder that
happens when you don’t
have enough red blood cells
or your red blood cells don’t
work as they should. Some
types of anemia are
inherited, but people may
also acquire or develop the
condition during their
lifetimes.
 CAUS SYMPTOM TREATME
Fatigue
• don’t
ES get S symptoms may NT
Other • Dietary
enough iron include:
• Chest pain. supplements
from the • Dizziness.
• Medications
food you • Frequent infections.
• Heart palpitations.
eat, or if you • Headache.
• Pallor (skin color
lose blood that’s paler than
from an usual).
• Pulsatile tinnitus.
injury or • Shortness of breath
illness (dyspnea).
 Direction:
Read and analyze the paragraph
/situation carefully. Guess what’s the
circulatory diseases is being stated in
each paragraph. Explain your answers
and think of the possible solution to
prevent that.
 1. Rodrigo loves eating fatty foods without
moderation. He even drinks alcohol daily and
always refuses to engage himself on physical
activities. One day, he experienced dizziness,
chest pain, fatigue and headaches. He ended
up checking in a physician. Based on Rodrigo’s
situation, what most likely his problem could
be?
HYPERTENSION
 2. After what happened to Adrian last month,
he has now experiencing difficulty in speaking
and swallowing of food. His wife, Monica also
observed that he is enable to comprehend
simple things, objects and what others was
saying. What happened to Adrian last month?

STROKE
3. Joaquin lives a sedentary life. He sleeps late
at night, always spends almost the whole day
facing computers while eating junk foods. He
always refuses to eat leafy vegetables. Her
mother then warns him that she might be have
iron deficiency if he continues living that kind
of lifestyle. What does her mother mean when
she said “iron deficiency” (what is that
diseases)?
ANEMIA
 Directions: Read each
question/statement carefully.
Choose the letter of the
correct answer.
1. What is being described in this
situation: it can happen if a vessel that
supplies blood to the brain either
becomes blocked by a blood clot or
bursts?
a. Atherosclerosis
b. Hypertension
c. Pneumonia
2. What are the symptoms of heart
failure?
a. Fast heartbeat and sweating
b. Fever, dry cough, and tiredness
c. Aching sensation of neck and jaw
d. Shortness of breath, rapid or
irregular heartbeat, and chest pain
3. What is being described in this
situation: the elevation of blood pressure
in the vessels gets too high that it can
trigger other diseases?
a. Asthma
b. Bronchitis
c. Hypertension
d. Stroke
4. What occurs when a blood clot
blocks the blood supply from the
heart?
a. Anemia
b. Heart attack
c. Heart failure
d. Stroke
5. Who are you going to consult if
you are having a fast heartbeat?
a. A Cardiologist
b. A Urologist
c. A Neurologist
d. A Pulmonologist
ANSWER:
1. D
2. D
3. C
4. B
5. A