Scribd
Upload
23 views

Lesson 8 - Work Measurement

Uploaded by

j.lopez.558280
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
23 views

Lesson 8 - Work Measurement

Uploaded by

j.lopez.558280
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 25

WORK

MEASUREMENT
WORK MEASUREMENT Standard Time

series of It is the time


techniques required by
employed to qualified and well-
evaluate the time trained person
needed for
working at a normal
completion of a
time pace, to do a
task. Also called
specified task.
WORK MEASUREMENT AND TIME STUDY

• Work measurement is often also called time study.


• Work measurement largely concerned with
human work output
• Time study considers any automated work output
Work measurement
techniques
It helps in the
Direct time study
determination of
predetermined
schedules and the
motion time system
planning of work.
standard data
It can aid in
systemwork determining
sampling time study standards cost.
Purpose of Work To set standards of
Measurement
performance that
To reveal the nature are attainable only
and extent of if all avoidable
ineffective time, ineffective time is
from whatever eliminated and
cause so that action
work is performed
can be taken to
by the best
Work
Measurement • Estimating work-force
leads to the and equipment capacity
development • Establishing budgets
of labor and • Determining what new
equipment work procedure will cost
time standard • Evaluating time and
that are used cost trade-offs among
for: process design
alternatives
Work
Measurement
leads to the • Establishing wage-
development incentive system
of labor and • Monitoring and
equipment evaluating employee
time standard performance and
that are used productivity
for:
• Providing accurate
information for
Normal time
It is the expected time required to
perform some work activity at
normal pace, under normal
operating conditions, and using a
prescribed method
USE OF WORK MANAGEMENT
To compare the efficiency of
alternative methods. Other
conditions being equal, the method
which takes the least time will be
the best method.
Normal times are calculated using:

Normal time = observed time x performance rating factor = OT x PRF

Performance rating factor (PRF) is an adjustment by the person doing the time
study as to whether the employee is working at the normal pace (1.0 or 100%)

Example: a PRF of 115% indicates that work is being performed at a pace that 15%
above normal. Typically, three or more highly trained work study analysts make
these judgments independently and then the average PRF is used in equation.

For example, if work study analyst A rates an employee


For example, if work study analyst: rates the employee of the following:

A: Employee = 1.2 and an observed time of 2.5 min per unit

B: Employee = 1.0 and an observed time of 2.2 min per unit

C: Employee = 0.9 and an observed time of 2.1 min per unit


Rating using equation:

Normal time is 2.363 minutes per unit

NT= (1.2x2.5+1.0x2.2+0.9x2.1) / 3
(3 + 2.2 + 1.89) /3
7.09 / 3
NT= 2.363333
Normal Time

1. Must be also be adjusted for personal time and unavoidable delays.

2. Allowance includes time for labor fatigue and personal needs,


equipment breakdown, rest periods, information delays, and so on.

3. Most allowance factors are in the range of 10 to 20%

4. Standard time is normal time adjusted for allowances.


STANDARD TIME

. is the time allowed to an operator to carry out the specified


task under specified conditions and defined level of
performance.

.the various allowances ared added to the normal time as


applicable to get the stadard time “ Components standard
time”
STANDARD TIME
• Standard time computation:

• Standard Time = normal time (1 + allowance factor)

• Example: If the normal is 2.363

• Allowance factor of 1.2 is used


• Standard time is 2.863 minutes per unit
• =2.363(1+1.2)
• =2.363(2.2)
• ST = 5.1986
Standard Time
• The performance rating factor and allowance factor are based on
human judgments, and therefore, the procedure for establishing
standard times must include audits, third-party reviews, and
extensive training and retraining of work-study analysts to keep
them properly calibrated. Videotapes of employee work activities
are often used to train work-study analysts.
Uses of work management

To compare the efficiency of alternative methods. Other conditions being equal,
the method which takes the least time will be the best method.

To balance the work of members of teams, in association with the multiple activity
charts, so that, as far as possible, each member has tasks taking an equal time.

To determine, in association with man and machine multiple activity charts, the
number of machines an workers can run.
APPLICAT
Estimatin
ION
-Standard time for
operation in
industry are g and equipment
 Material machinery
useful for several  Production cost per unit as an input
application Preparation of budgets
Determination of selling price
Make or buy decision

 Man-power requirements

 Delivery schedules

 Balancing the work of operators working

 Performance of workers
WORK Repetitive– element of
MEASUREMENT operation will repeat many
times during the study
TECHNIQUES
WORK UNDER:
Non-repetitive type- work
cycle is hardly repeated.
Ex:
Maintenance work &
METHODS OF WORK
MEASUREMENT
 Stop watch time study
 Synthesis
 Predetermined motion study time study (PMTS)
 Analytical estimating
 Comparative estimating
 Activity sampling
METHODS OF WORK
MEASUREMENT
 Time study
 Activity sampling; and rated activity sampling
 Synthesis from standard data
 Pre-determined motion time system
 Estimating
 Analytical estimating
 Comparative estimating
TIME STUDY

· Worker Factor
· Allowances and time standard
· Time study equipment

Time device
Time study observation sheet
Time study observation board
Other equipment
Time study procedure
· Term and definition

Normal performance
Performance rating
System rating
Pace rating
Westinghouse system of rating
Objective rating
Synthetic rating
· Issues with time study
Advantages and disadvantages
WORK SAMPLING

It is a highly efficient system through


which, needed information can be
obtained in less time, and at a lower
cost, compared to other methods of
work measurement.
Sampling procedure:
Sampling procedure:
Number of observations
Based on judgment
Using cumulative plot of result
Use of statistics
Activity sampling
Fixed and random interval sampling
Confidence levels
Standard time determination

Sampling and confidence intervals


Random observations
Advantages of work sampling and disadvantages of work sampling
END OF SLIDES

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy