IPMSM 2

A new IPMSM design for two-wheeler EV
applications
Under the guidance of
Ms. Lourembam Ranjita Devi
Assistant Professor & HOD
Department of Electrical Engineering, MTU
Presented By
Anoubam Delin Sharma (2101EE0219)
Time: 11:15am – 11:35am Kilangleima Chingsubam (2101EE0228)
Venue: EE conference hall, MTU
Stalin Meitei Athokpam (2101EE0225)
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Simulation
3. Result and Discussion
4. Conclusion
5. References
Introduction
◦ In the transportation sector, the use of ICE vehicles has increased, leading to
GHG emissions.
◦ CO2 emissions play a significant role in climate change, which results in
phenomena like polar ice melt and global warming.

◦ EV has the potential to reduce this issue.
3000
The graph in Fig. 1, shows a steady

2500
increase in CO2 from 2011 to 2021, 2000
CO2 equivalent
indicating a rise in GHG. 1500
1000
500
0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Year
Fig 1: CO2 equivalent emission

◦ One of the most crucial components of EVs is their electric motor.
◦ The interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) provides high

torque and efficiency.
◦ Determining rotor shape is essential for designing a motor for EV
application.
Interior Permanent magnet Synchronous Motor
◦ It is a synchronous motor
◦ Permanent magnets are embedded inside the rotor

as shown in Fig. 2.
◦ Highly efficient because there is no excitation current
is required
◦ It is a reliable motor Fig 2: IPMSM
Simulation
Mathematical Modelling
The mathematical model of IPMSM is implemented in MATLAB SIMULINK,
as shown in Fig. 3.
Fig 3 : Model of IPMSM

Motor Design
◦ The IPMSM has 6 poles, 36 slots, and distributed
winding.
◦ V-shaped permanent magnets are embedded in the
rotor, as shown in Fig 4.
Fig 4 : IPM V-type motor

Stator core
oIt is a stationary part of an electric motor.
oProvides magnetic path for the flux to flow.
oThe steel type used is M22_4G.
oThe analytic model of the stator core is shown in

Fig 5.
Fig 5 : Stator core
Stator slot
oStator slots are designed to hold the stator
windings
o made of insulated copper or aluminum

conductors.
Fig 6: Stator Slot

Rotor
oThe rotor design of IPMSM V-type motors is a crucial
factor influencing the performance of the motor.
oIt transmits mechanical power from one part to

another
oThe magnets are embedded in the rotor

Fig 7: Rotor
Result and Discussion
Fig 8: Electromagnetic torque
Fig 9: Mechanical Speed
◦ In Fig.8, the torque is produced by the motor's interaction between the stator and rotor
magnetic fields.
◦ In Fig. 9 refers to the rotational speed of the motor shaft. This speed is related to the
frequency of the stator current and the number of pole pairs in the motor.
Back EMF
◦ The back EMF induced in the IPMSM is directly proportional to the rotor speed
and the motor field strength.
◦ The produced back EMF behaves like a resistance, so if the speed of the electric
motor or field strength increases, the back EMF increases.
◦ Phase flux linkage, phase back EMFs, and cogging torque are analyzed, and
skewing techniques are used to reduce undesirable effects.

Phase Flux linkages
Fig 10: Phase flux linkage before skewing Fig 11: Phase flux linkage after
skewing
◦ Flux linkage is the magnetic flux that links with a phase winding and is determined by the rotor
position, which changes sinusoidally and stator winding arrangements.
◦ Before skewing, the waveform produces harmonic, as shown in Fig 10.
◦ After skewing, the stator slots or rotor magnets are tilted, reducing harmonics and providing a smoother
variation of flux linkage, as shown in Fig 11.
Phase Back-EMF
Fig 12: Phase Back-EMFs before skewing Fig 13: Phase Back-EMFs
after skewing
◦ Phase-back EMFs are the electromagnetic force induced in the stator windings.
◦ Before skewing, the waveform has many harmonics, as shown in Fig 12.
◦ After skewing, the waveform is smoothened and reduces harmonics, improving the sinusoidal
nature as shown in Fig 13
Cogging Torque
Fig 14: Cogging torque before skewing Fig 15: Cogging torque
after skewing
◦ Cogging torque is caused by the interaction between rotor magnets and stator teeth and occurs
even without current in the windings
◦ Before skewing, the stator teeth are less smooth, as shown in Fig 14.
◦ After skewing, the alignments of the rotor magnets and stator teeth are disrupted, leading to a
smoother distribution of magnetic forces in Fig 15.
Steady-state torque
Fig 16: Cogging torque before skewing Fig 17: Cogging torque
after skewing
◦ Steady-state torque is the constant torque produced when the motor operates at a stable speed.
◦ Before skewing, ripple torque can be seen due to cogging torque and slot harmonics, as in Fig
16.
◦ After skewing, torque ripple is significantly reduced, leading to smoother torque output, as in
Fig 17
Conclusion
oThe mathematical modeling of IPMSM provided an analysis of its performance
characteristics.
oThe skewing technique has significantly enhanced the motor performance by

reducing cogging and ripple torque, resulting in smoother operation, essential for
acceleration and overall performance in two-wheelers.
REFERENCES
[1] Warming, G. (2009). 101: Costs. William Yeatman.
[2] Davis Stacy C, Diegel Susan W, Boundy Robert G. Transportation energy data book, 28th ed. Oak Ridge; 2009
[3] Shukla, A., & Basak, S. (2022, December). A new topology of multilayer interior permanent magnet
synchronous motor with reduced rare earth magnets. In 2022 IEEE 1st Industrial Electronics Society Annual On-
Line Conference (ONCON) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
[4] Dong, J., Huang, Y., Jin, L., & Lin, H. (2016). Comparative study of surface-mounted and interior permanent-
magnet motors for high-speed applications. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 26(4), 1-4.
[5] Y. Wang, H. Li, X. Zhao. Design and optimization of an IPMSM with high efficiency and low torque ripple for
EV applications. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2023
[6] M. Kim, J. Lee, Y. Cho. Analysis of cogging torque reduction techniques in interior permanent magnet
synchronous motors. Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials, 2020
[7] L. Chen, M. Wang, R. Wang. Skewing effects on performance enhancement of IPMSM for electric vehicle
applications. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2021
[8] S.RajaSekhar; D.Prudhvi Raju; K.Jagadeesh Babu; K.Paulson and K.Ganamanikanta. Development of
Electric Two-wheeler Vehicle. International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 2021, 7,
pp. 7-11
[9] Wang, W., Shang, M., Li, Y., Yao, Z., Niu, J., & Juan, Z. (2023). Thermal performance analysis of jet
cooling method in a high-power permanent magnet synchronous motor. Journal of Thermal Science and
Engineering Applications, 15(1), 011006.
[10] Cawkwell, T., Haris, A., Gonzalez, J. M., Rodrigues, L. K., & Shirokov, V. (2023). A Methodology for
Applying Skew in an Automotive Interior Permanent Magnet Rotor for Robust Electromagnetic and Noise,
Vibration and Harshness Performance. World Electric Vehicle Journal, 14(12), 350.

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A new IPMSM design for two-wheeler EV

◦ CO2 emissions play a significant role in climate change, which results in

phenomena like polar ice melt and global warming.

The graph in Fig. 1, shows a steady

increase in CO2 from 2011 to 2021, 2000

Fig 1: CO2 equivalent emission

◦ The interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) provides high

◦ Permanent magnets are embedded inside the rotor

Fig 3 : Model of IPMSM

Fig 4 : IPM V-type motor

oProvides magnetic path for the flux to flow.

oThe steel type used is M22_4G.

oThe analytic model of the stator core is shown in

o made of insulated copper or aluminum

Fig 6: Stator Slot

oIt transmits mechanical power from one part to

oThe magnets are embedded in the rotor

skewing techniques are used to reduce undesirable effects.

oThe skewing technique has significantly enhanced the motor performance by

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