Blood Presentation Colored-1
Blood Presentation Colored-1
Blood Presentation Colored-1
PHARMACY
Vill. & P.O: Miapur, P.S: Raghunathganj, Dist. Murshidabad,Pin :742235
INTRODUCTION TO BLOOD
CONTENT:-
INTRODUCTION 3
PH SCALE 4
COMPOSITION 5-7
FUNCTION 7
RBC 8-10
WBC 11-15
PLATELETS 16-17
HAEMOGLOBIN 18-19
COAGULATION 20-21
ANTOCOAGULANT 22
BLOOD GROUP 23-24
ABO BLOOD GROUP 25
ANAMEIA 26-27
THALASSAMIA 28-29
CONCLUSION 30
REFERENCES 31 1
BLOOD- INTRODUCTION
A Comprehensive overview
Defination- Blood is a
fluid connective tissue
that circulates throughout
the body, delivering
oxygen and nutrients
while removing waste.
Blood is basis of life.
Blood makes up to about
7% of body weight , more
in male than females .
pH of Blood
The normal pH of blood is tightly
regulated between 7.35 and 7.45,
making it slightly alkaline.
COMPOSITION OF BLOOD-DIAGRAMATIC VIEW
COMPOSITION OF BLOOD
Functions of Blood
Blood functions include transportation of
gases, nutrients, and waste, regulation of
body temperature, and protection against
infections.
Red Blood Cells (RBC)
biconcave circular .
Physiological factors influencing the RBC count:
1. Very high at birth
2. Higher in children than adults
3. RBC count is raised in high altitude, in warm temperature,
during excitement
4. In women RBC count is relatively low during pregnancy
Increase in RBC count - Polycythemia
GRANULOCYTES–
contain granules in EASINOPHILS2-3%
cytoplasm
BASOPHILS1%
WBCs
MONOCYTES2 -
10%
AGRANULOCYTES
– They do not
contain granules
LYMPHOCYTES20-
25%
DEFINATIONS:
Granulocytes- They contain granules in their cytoplasm.
1. Neutrophils(60-65% )-Their nucleus are many lobed with fine
granules.These are present in maximum amount in WBCs.
2. Eosinophils( 2-3 %)- Their nucleus are bilobed having coarse
granules .They take part in immunity .They are like lysosomes.
They have acidic stains.
3. Basophils(0-1%)- The nucleus are three lobed .They have
basic granules .They are like mast cells.
Agranular- Their granules are not found in cytoplasm of these
cells.
1. Monocyte(2-10%)- They are the largest of the WBCs and
amoeboid I shape.Have a bean shaped nucleus .They are
Phagocytic in nature.
2. Lymphocyte(20-25%)- They are smaller with less cytoplasm
with rounded nucleus .They produce antibodies.
1. T lymphocyte
2. B lymphocyte
WBCs
Platelets
3.Individuals make
antibodies to these
antigens but not to own
type of antigen
1. Persons of blood group A have antigen of type A on their red
blood cells. Their serum contains antibodies of type B.
2. • Persons of blood group B have antigen of B on their red
blood cells. Their serum contains antibodies of type A.
3. • Persons of blood group AB have antigens of both types A
and B. they do not have type A or type B antibodies.
4. • Persons of blood group O have neither A nor B. antibodies
of both types A and B are present.
5. • Rh factor or antigen (Rhesus factor), about 85% of people
have this antigen own cell membrane of RBC.
ABO System
The ABO system is based on the presence
or absence of antigens A and B on the
surface of RBCs.
Anemia
Anemia is a condition characterized by a reduced number of RBCs
or hemoglobin, leading to fatigue and weakness. Anemia is a
medical condition characterized by a reduced level of hemoglobin
in the blood, leading to decreased oxygen delivery to tissues. It is
often defined by hemoglobin levels below normal for age, sex, and
physiological state. Anemia is not a disease itself but a symptom of
an underlying condition and is among the most common
hematological disorders worldwide.
Anemia Types
Iron-deficiency anemia
Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia
Hemolytic anemia
Aplastic anemia.
Anemia Types
Symptoms include fatigue, pale skin, shortness of breath, dizziness,
and cold hands and feet.
Thalassemia
Thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder affecting hemoglobin
production, leading to anemia.Thalassemia is a group of inherited
blood disorders characterized by the abnormal production of
hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells responsible for carrying
oxygen. This condition leads to the destruction of red blood cells,
causing anemia and various associated complications. Thalassemia
is particularly common in populations from the Mediterranean,
Middle East, South Asia, and Africa, making it a significant global
health concern
Thalassemia Types
• Alpha thalassemia: Affects alpha-globin chain
• Beta thalassemia: Affects beta-globin chain.
Thalassemia Impact
Severecases require blood transfusions, and
complications include organ damage and infections.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, blood is an essential component of life, serving as
the body's primary transport system for oxygen, nutrients,
hormones, and waste products. It plays a crucial role in maintaining
homeostasis, fighting infections, and facilitating healing processes.
Understanding the composition and functions of blood, as well as
recognizing disorders like anemia, thalassemia, and clotting
abnormalities, underscores its importance in health and medicine.
Advances in medical science have enabled us to better diagnose,
treat, and manage blood-related conditions, improving quality of
life for millions. By appreciating the intricate workings of blood,
we not only gain insights into our own biology but also recognize
the importance of donating blood, supporting research, and raising
awareness about hematological health. Thank you!
REFERENCES :-
Anatomy and Physiology in Health and illness, ROSS AND
WILSON
Human Physiology , C.C.Chatterjee
Physiological basis of Medical Practice-Best and Tailor. Williams &
Wilkins Co,Riverview,MI USA
Text book of Medical Physiology- Arthur C,Guyton andJohn.E.
Hall. Miamisburg, OH, U.S.A.
Principles of Anatomy and Physiology by Tortora Grabowski.
Palmetto, GA, U.S.A.