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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

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12 views

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

Uploaded by

junaidkhanpachani7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Cognitive behavioral therapy

(CBT)
is a form of psychotherapy. It was originally
designed to treat depression, but is now used
for a number of mental disorders. It works to
solve current problems and change unhelpful
thinking and behavior.
“Big” Names associated with Cognitive
Behavioral Therapy
1. Epictetus, Greek philosopher. Observed
that people are not disturbed by things
that happen but by the view they take
of things that happen.
2. Albert Ellis, Ph.D. “grandfather of
cognitive behavioral therapy.”
3. Aaron Beck, MD, a psychiatrist
(University of Pennsylvania)
Definitions of Terms
Psychotherapy - set of clinical techniques use to
improve mental health.
Counseling = psychotherapy.
Behavior Therapy (Behavior Modification
Therapy) - changing somebody's behavior
Classical Conditioning - creation of response to
stimulus (Pavlov's dogs)
Operant Conditioning - learning through positive
and negative reinforcement
Cognitive Therapy - psychotherapy
aimed at changing way of thinking.
Several approaches to cognitive-behavioral
therapy
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
Rational Behavior Therapy
Rational Living Therapy
Cognitive Therapy
Dialectic Behavior Therapy
Characteristics of
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies
1. Thoughts cause Feelings and Behaviors.

2. Brief and Time-Limited.

3. Emphasis placed on current behavior.


4. CBT is a collaborative effort between the therapist
and the client.
Client role - define goals, express concerns,
learn & implement learning
Therapist role - help client define goals, listen,
teach, encourage.
5. Teaches the benefit of remaining calm or at least
neutral when faced with difficult situations.
If you are upset by your problems, you now have
2 problems:
1) the problem
2) 2) your upsetness.
6. Based on "rational thought. - Fact not
assumptions.
7. CBT is structured and directive. Based on
notion that maladaptive behaviors are the
result of skill deficits.
8. Based on assumption that most emotional
and behavioral reactions are learned.
Therefore, the goal of therapy is to help
clients unlearn their unwanted reactions and
to learn a new way of reacting.
9. Homework is a central feature of CBT.
Rational Emotive Therapy also Rational
Emotive Behavioral Therapy
A form of cognitive-behavioral therapy in
which somebody is encouraged to
examine and change irrational thought
patterns (irrational thinking) and beliefs in
order to reduce dysfunctional behavior.
What is irrational thinking?
What types of thinking are problematical for
human beings?
The Self-Defeating Rules (Irrational Beliefs)

Ellis suggested that a small number of core beliefs underlie


most unhelpful emotions and behaviours. Core beliefs are
underlying rules that guide how people react to the events
and circumstances in their lives. Here is a sample list of
such of these:
1. I need love and approval from those around to me.
2. I must avoid disapproval from any source.
3. To be worthwhile as a person I must achieve success at
whatever I do.
4. I can not allow myself to make mistakes.
5. People should always do the right thing. When they behave
obnoxiously, unfairly or selfishly, they must be blamed and
punished.
6. Things must be the way I want them to be.
7. My unhappiness is caused by things that are outside my
control – so there is nothing I can do to feel any better.
8. I must worry about things that could be dangerous, unpleasant
or frightening – otherwise they might happen.
9. I must avoid life’s difficulties, unpleasantness, and
responsibilities.
10. Everyone needs to depend on someone stronger than
themselves.
11. Events in my past are the cause of my problems – and they
continue to influence my feelings and behaviours now.
12. I should become upset when other people have problems, and
feel unhappy when they’re sad.
13, I shouldn’t have to feel discomfort and pain.
14, Every problem should have an ideal solution.
Two Types of Disturbance
Ego disturbance:
- emotional tension resulting from the perception that
one’s ‘self’ or personal worth is threatened – and lead to
other problems such as avoidance of situations where
failure, disapproval, etc. might occur.
- looking to other people for acceptance; and unassertive
behaviour through fear of what others may think.
Discomfort disturbance:
- results from demands about others (e.g. ‘People must
treat me right’) and about the world (e.g. “The
circumstances under which I live must be the way I
want”).
Principles of REBT
The basic aim of REBT is to leave clients at
the completion of therapy with
●The freedom to choose their emotions,
behaviours and lifestyle (within physical, social
and economic restraints)
A method of self-observation and personal
change that will help them maintain their gains.
● Realistic thoughts, emotions, and behaviours
that are in proportion to the events and
circumstances an individual experiences.
A Here and Now orientation.
● Finally, the emphasis is on profound
and lasting change in the underlying belief
system of the client, rather than simply
eliminating the presenting symptoms. The
client is left with self-help techniques that
enable coping in the long-term future.
ABC’s of REBT

A →B → C
A = Activating Event
B = Beliefs, Thoughts, Attitudes,
Assumptions
C = Consequences, Feelings, Emotions,
Behaviors,
Actions
Clinical Applications of REBT
Depression
● Anxiety disorders, including obsessive-compulsive
disorder, agoraphobia, specific phobias, generalised
anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, etc.
● Eating disorders, addictions, impulse control disorders
● Anger management, antisocial behaviour, personality
disorders
● Sexual abuse recovery
● Adjustment to chronic health problem, physical
disability, or mental disorder
Pain management
● General stress management
● Child or adolescent behaviour disorders
● Relationship and family problems
● Personal growth
● Workplace effectiveness
HOMEWORK
Probably the most important REBT strategy is homework. This
can include such activities as:
Reading
Self-help exercises
Experiential activities
Journaling
Thought Stopping
Intentional Reframing
Therapy sessions are really ‘training sessions’, between which
the client tries out and uses what they have learned.
CBT effective for use with

Self / Personal Growth


● Individual Clients
● Groups
● Marriage / relationships
● Family
● Workplace
● Varying Intellectual ability/learning impairments
CAUTION: Cognitive therapies do not appear to work
as well with those who are cognitively impaired.
LEARNING TO USE CBT/REBT
Techniques of CBT/REBT are best learned
by attending an appropriate training
course.
● To practice it is important to have a
good understanding of irrational thinking.
● The most effective way to learn how
to help clients uncover and dispute
irrational beliefs is to practice on oneself.
Thank you

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