the self

The self
Understanding Ourselves
in a Social Context
By
Associate Prof. Atta Allah Elenizy
Assistant Prof. Mona Hamdy
Nursing Department
2023
Lecture Objectives
By the end of this lecture each student will be able to:
1) Definition of self
2) Function of self
3) Parts of self
- Self concept
- Self perception
- Self esteem
- Self awearness
Introduction
Who are you? How did you come to be

this person you call “myself”?
Definition
Self refers to a person’s experience as a single, unitary,

autonomous being that is separate from others,
experienced with continuity through time and place. The
experience of the self includes consciousness.
Function of self
 Reflexive consciousness, or the ability to look upon oneself
 Interpersonal engagement, or the awareness of oneself as

interacting with others
 Executive function, or the self's role in taking control of

daily functioning
 Altering, changing, adding, and modifying aspects of oneself

in order to gain social acceptance in society
Function of self
 Studied as an individual difference variable, as a

determinant of social perception, attribution, and
judgment, and as an essential element in social relations
 Interplay between motivational and nonmotivational
factors in self-evaluation
Parts of self
The self has many facets that help make up integral

parts of it, such as
1. self-awareness,
2. self-esteem,
3. self-knowledge, and
4. self-perception.
Parts of self
All parts of the self enable people to alter, change,

add, and modify aspects of themselves in order to gain
social acceptance in society.
Self knowledge or Self .1
concept
 Self-concept is a set of relatively stable perceptions

each of us holds about ourselves.
 Self-concept includes our conception about what is

unique about us and what makes us both similar to,
and different from, others.
 Self-concept is rather like a mental mirror that

reflects how we view ourselves; not only physical
features, but also emotional states, talents, likes
and dislikes, values, and roles.
Development of Self-Concept
Self-concept begins to develop in early childhood. This process •

continues throughout the lifespan. However, it is between early
.childhood and adolescence experiences the most growth
Your self concept is your understanding of characteristics you
have
Social
Are you sociable? Psychological
Are you shy? • Are you pessimistic
Are you confident? or optimistic?
Physical • Are you happy?
Are you tall?
Are you fat?
Are you handsome?
)2 (
SELF AWARENESS
2. Self awareness
Self-awareness means having a clear and realistic

perception of who you are ,what you do ,why and the
impact of this on others.
2. Self awareness
Self-awareness, therefore, is about

recognizing, acknowledging, accepting or
challenging who we are, what we feel and
what we can or cannot do.
Major components of self-
awareness
Self-awareness has at least three major components
 Cognitive: is the thinking aspect (to be aware of your

thoughts and motivations).
 Affective: is the feeling aspect (to be aware of your

feelings, and outside events that affect your feelings).
 Behavioral: is basically the action one takes( to be

aware of your reactions to others in social situations).
Types of Self-Awareness
1- External Self-Awareness
Public self-awareness often emerges in situations when

people are at the center of attention, such as when
giving a presentation or talking to a group of friends.
It compels people to adhere to social norms, often try to

behave in ways that are socially acceptable and
.desirable
16 01/04/2025
Types of Self-Awareness
2- Internal self awareness
when people become aware of some aspects of

themselves
• For example, seeing your face in the mirror is a
type of private self-awareness.
17 01/04/2025
Self esteem .3
18
Self-Esteem
 Refers to the way you feel about yourself. How
much do you like yourself? How valuable a person
do you think you are? How competent?
 The answers to these questions reflect your self-

esteem- the value that you place on yourself.
 Increasing self-esteem will help person to function

more effectively in school, in his/her interpersonal
relationship and his/her careers.
A few ways to increase self-
esteem
1-
1-Engage
Engageininself-
self-
affirmation
affirmation 2-
2- Seek
Seek out
out
nuturing
nuturing
people
people
3-
3- Work
Work onon You
Youdo donot
nothave
have
projects
projects that
that to
tobe
beloved
lovedbe
be
will
will result
result in
in everybody
everybody
success
success
Self-Esteem characteristics
People with High Self-Esteem People with Low Self-Esteem
 Expect people to value them.  Expect people to be critical of them.
 Are active self-agents.  Are passive or obstructive self-agents.
 Have positive perceptions of their skill,  Have negative perceptions of their skills,
appearance, sexuality, and behaviors. appearance, sexuality, and behaviors.
 Perform equally well when being observed as  Perform well when being observed.
when not watched.
 Are nondefensive and assertive in response to  Are defensive and passive in response to
criticism. criticism.
 Can accept complements easily.  Have unrealistic expectations about their
 Evaluate their performance realistically. performance.
 Are relatively comfortable relating to  Are uncomfortable relating authority figures.
authority figures.  Are dissatisfied with their lot in life.
 Express general satisfaction with life.  Have a weak social support system.
 Have a primary internal locus of control.  Rely on an external locus of control.
Self perception -4
Self-perception is the process of observing

and interpreting one’s own behaviors, thoughts,
and feelings, and using those observations and
interpretations to define oneself.
Why Self-Perception Is Important
Self-perception is important because,

many people have a hard time identifying
their feelings and thoughts, but behaviors
are concrete and obvious manifestations of
something within us – therefore, we can use
them to make judgments about what’s really
going on inside.

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The self

By the end of this lecture each student will be able to:

Who are you? How did you come to be

Self refers to a person’s experience as a single, unitary,

 Interpersonal engagement, or the awareness of oneself as

 Executive function, or the self's role in taking control of

 Altering, changing, adding, and modifying aspects of oneself

 Studied as an individual difference variable, as a

The self has many facets that help make up integral

All parts of the self enable people to alter, change,

 Self-concept is a set of relatively stable perceptions

 Self-concept includes our conception about what is

 Self-concept is rather like a mental mirror that

Self-concept begins to develop in early childhood. This process •

Self-awareness means having a clear and realistic

Self-awareness, therefore, is about

 Cognitive: is the thinking aspect (to be aware of your

 Affective: is the feeling aspect (to be aware of your

 Behavioral: is basically the action one takes( to be

Public self-awareness often emerges in situations when

It compels people to adhere to social norms, often try to

2- Internal self awareness

when people become aware of some aspects of

 The answers to these questions reflect your self-

 Increasing self-esteem will help person to function

Self-perception is the process of observing

Self-perception is important because,

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