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jk

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samitonoli
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BITUMEN

Presented by:
• OMAYMA ASAD 008
• EMMAN WAHID 011
• AANSA 001
SUBMITTED TO:
SIR SAFEERULLAH
BITUMEN:
Bitumen is a black, sticky material made
from crude oil or found naturally. It is widely
used in civil engineering, especially in road
construction, as it binds materials together
and makes roads strong and durable.
Bitumen is also used for waterproofing
buildings, protecting structures from water,
and coating materials to prevent damage.
Its flexibility, strength, and water resistance
make it an important material for many
construction projects like roads, bridges,
and roofs.
TYPES OF BITUMEN :

 Penetration Grade Bitumen


•What it is: The most commonly used type for road construction.
•Feature: It’s categorized by how hard or soft it is (e.g., 60/70
grade means medium hardness).
•Uses: Ideal for making asphalt for roads and pavements.
 Oxidized Bitumen
•What it is: Made by blowing air through hot bitumen to make it harder.
•Feature: It’s strong and less sensitive to temperature changes.
•Uses: Perfect for roofing, waterproofing, and industrial seals.
 Cutback Bitumen
•What it is: Bitumen thinned with solvents to make it easier to apply.
•Feature: It becomes solid again when the solvent evaporates.
•Uses: Useful for road repairs and surface sealing.
TYPES OF BITUMEN :

 Emulsion Bitumen
•What it is: A mix of bitumen and water, made stable with an additive.
•Feature: It can be used on wet surfaces and is environmentally friendly.
•Uses: Road maintenance and sealing in cooler or wet conditions.
 Polymer-Modified Bitumen (PMB)
•What it is: Regular bitumen mixed with polymers like rubber or plastic.
•Feature: It’s more elastic, durable, and handles heavy traffic well.
•Uses: High-performance roads, highways, and airport runways.
 Natural Bitumen
•What it is: Found naturally in the earth (e.g., Gilsonite).
•Feature: Harder and more solid than processed bitumen.
•Uses: Industrial products like paints, inks, and some sealants.
MANUFACTURING OF BITUMEN :

 Start with Crude Oil: Crude oil is a thick, natural liquid found underground. It’s made
up of different components, from light ones like gasoline to heavy ones like bitumen.
 Heating in a Distillation Tower: Crude oil is placed in a large container called a
distillation tower. It is heated to very high temperatures, causing it to separate into
layers.
• Light materials like gas and petrol rise to the top because they evaporate at lower
temperatures.
• Medium materials like diesel and kerosene settle in the middle.
• Heavy materials like bitumen stay at the bottom because they are too thick and heavy to
evaporate.
 Processing the Bitumen:
• The bitumen at the bottom is collected.
• It may be further treated to remove impurities or mixed with other materials to adjust
its properties, such as making it softer or harder depending on its use.
MANUFACTURING OF BITUMEN :

 Final Product: The result is a thick, black, sticky substance called


bitumen. It’s ready to be used for:
• Road construction: where it holds stones and gravel together to create
asphalt.
• Waterproofing:, like in roofing to keep water out.
• Other industrial uses: such as making adhesives and sealants
USES IN CIVIL ENGINEERING:

•Road Construction: Used in pavements and for sealing


cracks.
•Waterproofing: Applied to roofs, basements, and
foundations.
•Damp Proofing: Prevents moisture in walls and floors.
•Protective Coatings: Protects steel, metal, and concrete
from damage.
•Runways: Used in airport surfaces for durability.
•Bridge Decks: Waterproofs and protects decks.
•Landfills: Creates barriers to stop leaks.
•Rail Tracks: Used in track beds to reduce vibration.
•Soil Stabilization: Strengthens weak soils.
•Expansion Joints: Allows structures to handle thermal
movement.
TESTS OF BITUMEN:

 The Penetration Test of Bitumen measures the hardness or


consistency of bitumen by determining how far a standard needle
can penetrate the sample under specific conditions. It is performed
as follows:
1. Sample Preparation: Bitumen is heated and then cooled to 25°C.
2. Test Procedure: A 100-gram needle is allowed to penetrate the
sample for 5 seconds.
3. Measurement: The depth of penetration is recorded in tenths of a
millimeter (dmm).
 Results Interpretation:
• Low penetration (20-40 dmm) indicates harder bitumen, suitable
for warmer climates.
• High penetration (above 80 dmm) indicates softer bitumen,
suitable for colder climates.
This test helps determine the appropriate bitumen grade for specific
TESTS OF BITUMEN:

 The Ductility Test measures bitumen's ability to stretch without breaking,


indicating its flexibility.
 Procedure:
1. A sample of bitumen is heated, cooled, and placed in a water bath at 25°C.
2. The bitumen is pulled apart at a standard rate until it breaks.
3. The distance it stretches before breaking is measured in centimeters.
 Results:
• A high ductility value (greater than 100 cm) indicates flexible bitumen,
suitable for cold climates.
TESTS OF BITUMEN:

•A low ductility value suggests brittle bitumen that may


crack in cold conditions.
This test helps assess bitumen's performance in different
environmental conditions.
CONCLUSION:

Bitumen is an essential material in civil engineering due to its excellent binding, waterproofing, and durability
properties. It plays a crucial role in road construction, waterproofing structures, protecting materials from
corrosion, and ensuring the longevity of various infrastructure projects. Its versatility and cost-effectiveness
make it indispensable for modern construction and maintenance, contributing significantly to the safety,
durability, and functionality of civil engineering works.
THE END

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