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    RS_instructorPPT_Chapter11_final 2

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    You are on page 1of 24

    Configuring Dynamic NAT

    Dynamic NAT Operation


     The pool of public IPv4 addresses (inside global address pool) is
    available to any device on the inside network on a first-come, first-
    served basis.
     With dynamic NAT, a single inside address is translated to a single
    outside address.
     The pool must be large enough to accommodate all inside devices.
     A device is unable to communicate to any external networks if no
    addresses are available in the pool.

    Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 1
    Configuring Dynamic NAT
    Configuring Dynamic NAT

    Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 2
    Configuring Dynamic NAT
    Analyzing Dynamic NAT

    Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 3
    Configuring Dynamic NAT
    Analyzing Dynamic NAT

    Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 4
    Configuring Dynamic NAT
    Verifying Dynamic NAT

    Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 5
    Configuring Dynamic NAT
    Verifying Dynamic NAT

    Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 6
    Configuring PAT
    Configuring PAT: Address Pool

    Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 7
    Configuring PAT
    Configuring PAT: Single Address

    Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 8
    Configuring PAT
    Analyzing PAT

    Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 9
    Configuring PAT
    Analyzing PAT

    Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 10
    Configuring PAT
    Verifying PAT Translations

    Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 11
    Port Forwarding
    Port Forwarding
     Port forwarding is the act of forwarding a network port from one
    network node to another.
     A packet sent to the public IP address and port of a router can be
    forwarded to a private IP address and port in inside network.
     Port forwarding is helpful in situations where servers have private
    addresses, not reachable from the outside networks.

    Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 12
    Port Forwarding
    SOHO Example

    Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 13
    Port Forwarding
    Configuring Port Forwarding with IOS
    In IOS, Port forwarding is essentially a static NAT translation with a
    specified TCP or UDP port number.

    Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 14
    Configuring NAT and IPv6
    NAT for IPv6?
     NAT is a workaround for IPv4 address scarcity.
     IPv6 with a 128-bit address provides 340 undecillion addresses.
     Address space is not an issue for IPv6.
     IPv6 makes IPv4 public-private NAT unnecessary by design;
    however, IPv6 does implement a form of private addresses, and it
    is implemented differently than they are for IPv4.

    Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 15
    Configuring NAT and IPv6
    IPv6 Unique Local Addresses
     IPv6 unique local addresses (ULAs) are designed to allow IPv6
    communications within a local site.
     ULAs are not meant to provide additional IPv6 address space.
     ULAs have the prefix FC00::/7, which results in a first hextet range
    of FC00 to FDFF.
     ULAs are also known as local IPv6 addresses (not to be confused
    with IPv6 link-local addresses).

    Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 16
    Configuring NAT and IPv6
    NAT for IPv6
     IPv6 also uses NAT, but in a much different context.
     In IPv6, NAT is used to provide transparent communication
    between IPv6 and IPv4.
     NAT64 is not intended to be a permanent solution; it is meant to be
    a transition mechanism.
     Network Address Translation-Protocol Translation (NAT-PT) was
    another NAT-based transition mechanism for IPv6, but is now
    deprecated by IETF.
     NAT64 is now recommended.

    Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 17
    Configuring NAT and IPv6
    NAT for IPv6

    Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 18
    11.3 Troubleshooting NAT

    Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 19
    Configuring NAT and IPv6
    Troubleshooting NAT: show commands

    Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 20
    Configuring NAT and IPv6
    Troubleshooting NAT: debug command

    Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 21
    Chapter 11: Summary
    This chapter has outlined:
     How NAT is used to help alleviate the depletion of the IPv4 address
    space.
     NAT conserves public address space and saves considerable
    administrative overhead in managing adds, moves, and changes.
     NAT for IPv4, including:
    • NAT characteristics, terminology, and general operations
    • Different types of NAT, including static NAT, dynamic NAT, and
    NAT with overloading
    • Benefits and disadvantages of NAT
     The configuration, verification, and analysis of static NAT, dynamic
    NAT, and NAT with overloading.

    Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 22
    Chapter 11: Summary (cont.)
     How port forwarding can be used to access an internal devices from
    the Internet.
     Troubleshooting NAT using show and debug commands.
     How NAT for IPv6 is used to translate between IPv6 addresses and
    IPv4 addresses.

    Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 23
    Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 24

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