Reading and Writing

Skills
Quarter 3 – Module 1
Patterns of
Development
Learning Competency
➢ Compare and contrast patterns of written
texts across disciplines.
 Learning Objectives:

 1. Identify the different patterns of

paragraph development and itstransition
signals.
 2. Write a short paragraph using any mode

of paragraph development.
 3. Use critical thinking in accomplishing

various tasks
Task 1

Directions: Read the following statements very carefully. Choose one pattern of paragraph
development from the box that best describes the statement .

narration description cause and

effect comparison and contrast exemplification
definition persuasion problem-solution
classification and division

1. It organizes ideas to show how a set of evidence leads to a logical

conclusion or argument.
2. The author's purpose in this pattern of paragraph development is to
show similarities and differences.
 3. It provides specific details about what something looks,
smells, tastes, sounds, or feels like.
 4. It is telling a story.
 5. This pattern is used to provide an example of something.
6. It organizes ideas into categories or divisions based on
criteria and standards.
 7. It organizes ideas into problems and proposed solutions.
8. It organizes details based on the cause, the reason, and
the result or consequences of a certainphenomenon.
 9. It clarifies and explains concepts by answering the
question “What does it mean?’
 10. It is the process of enumerating or giving examples.
Directions: Read the paragraph below
and answer the questions that follow.
 Oceans and lakes have much in common, but they are also
quite different. Both are bodies of water, but oceans are
very large bodies of salt water, while lakes are much
smaller bodies of fresh water. Lakes are usually surrounded
by land, while oceans are what surround continents. Both
have plants and animals living in them. The ocean is home
to the largest animals on the planet, whereas lakes support
much smaller forms of life. When it is time for a vacation,
both will make a great place to visit and enjoy. Source:
https://patternbasedwriting.com/elementary_writing_success/para
graph-examples
/
 1. What is the paragraph all about?
 2. How are ideas being organized?
 3. What is the purpose of the author in writing the text?
Narration
 Narration, in its basest definition, is story
telling.
Words that signal narration:
 About, after, afterwards. as soon as, at

this/that point, tomorrow, until, before,

during, eventually, finally, first,
immediately, when, in the meantime,later,
meanwhile, next week, next, presently,
yesterday, prior to, second, soon, then,
till ,today
: List down the signal word(s) that indicate
narration. Then, note down the important details.
 Ondoy began to develop from an active low pressure
area to a tropical cyclone on September 24, 2009.
The following day, PAGASA raised storm signals all
over the Philippine archipelago. At that point, signal
no. 2 was raisedin Catanduanes and other parts of
Luzon. By Saturday morning, reports of flooding
started to pour in. Meanwhile, President Arroyo
declared a state of calamity in Metro Manila.
Immediately after President Arroyo’s declaration,
various government agencies began the rescue and
relief operations. As soon as Typhoon Ondoy exited
the Philippines, more and more relief and rescue
operations were conducted.
Definition
to develop an idea helps to clarify and explain
concepts by answering the question “What does
it mean?” This pattern explains the information
using illustrations, examples, and descriptions

 Words that define:

 is defined ,as defined, means, refers to, to

define, to illustrate
Sample text: List down the signal word(s) that
indicate definition. Then, notedown the important
details.
 Social engineering is defined as any method
which tricks people to share personal
information using technology. The ‘social’
component in this scheme means that there
is reliance on various psychological tricks
and on the gullibility of users rather than
technical hacking. Social engineering also
refers to various malicious acts online such
as phishing, spamming, and pretexting.
Exemplification
presents the general statement and then provides specific and
concrete examples to expound on the main idea.

 Words that signal exemplification

 after all, as an example, consider the

following ,for example, namely, for instance,
in other words, in particular, in short, to
illustrate, specifically, stated differently,
that is, to be specific, to clarify
Sample text: List down the signal word(s) that
indicate exemplification. Then, note down the
most important details of the text.
 While the internet offers so many benefits to
man, it also has its downsides. One of these is
phishing, which refers to the act of obtaining
personal information, such as passwords and
credit card details, through online means. In
other words, phishing is a form of cybercrime. As
an example, let us consider the case of Mr. X. he
received an email stating that his Gmail account
has been compromised and that he needed to
click a link to update personal information. If Mr.
X clicks on the link, his personal information will
be illegally acquired by cybercriminals.
Description
A descriptive paragraph basically provides details on the idea
by using either a sensory or spatial pattern.
Sample text:
List down the signal word(s) that indicate description
Then, notedown the important details.
 A laptop is one of the greatest inventions of the modern era.

It is a lightweight device that can save a vast amount of

information. The screen, touchpad, speakers, keyboard,
battery, and AC adapter are the basic parts of a laptop. The
most noticeable part of a laptop is its screen, which is
responsible for displaying information. Another major
component is the keyboard. On it are the keys needed to
enter data into the computer. Near the keyboard you will find
a smooth, rectangular surface which acts like a desktop
computer mouse – this is the touchpad. At the bottom part of
this rectangular surface, you will see buttons that operate
like a mouse button. Below the keyboard and touchpad, built
into the laptop itself are the speakers which allow you to
hear sounds and music. Found at the back of the keyboard is
the battery; it serves as the lifeline of the computer. Finally,
a laptop also comes with an AC adapter which charges the
battery and serves as the source of electric power when it is
plugged in.
Comparison and Contrast
A comparison and contrast pattern organizes ideas based on how the
events, places, people, things, and concepts are similar to or different
from one another.
Sample text: List down the signal word(s) that indicate
compare-contrast Then, notedown the important
details.
 Are you not sure yet which phone to buy? To help you decide, this
review will inspect the basic similarities and differences of the
flagship phones of two giant companies: Apples iPhone 6 and
Samsung’s Galaxy S5. Both brag to be the best smart phones in
the market to date. While these state-of-the-art phones have
similarities in the form of sleek design, multi-touch touch screen,
and multimedia features, they have their distinctive features as
well. First, Galaxy S5 has a larger screen at 5.1 inches as
compared to iPhone 6’s 4.7 inches. As for the operating system,
iPhone 6 uses iOS(8x) while S5 uses Android (5.0, 2.4.2). In terms
of the camera, S5 has a 2.1megapixel front-facing camera which
is higher than iPhone’s 1.2 megapixels. Unlike S5, iPhone’s battery
is not user - replaceable and has a shorter talk time, but when it
comes to built-in storage, iPhone 6 outperforms S5. Now that you
know the basic differences of the two phones, you can decide!
Classification and Division
A classification pattern organizes ideas into
categories or divisions based on criteria and
standards
Sample text:
List down the signal word(s) that indicate a classification and
division pattern. Then, note down the important details
afterwards


 Earthquakes can be classified into three main types

based on the plate movements. The first type is
known as a convergent boundary. Also known as
destructive plate boundary, this type of earthquake
happens when two tectonic plates move toward one
another and collide. The second type of earthquake is
called divergent boundary. During this type of
earthquake, two plates are forced to move away from
each other resulting in a rift zone. The last type is
called the conservative plate boundary or transform
fault. During this type of earthquake, two tectonic
plates slide past one another.
Cause and Effect
A cause-effect pattern organizes details based on the cause, the
reason, and the result or consequences of a certain phenomenon
Sample text: List down the signal word(s) that indicate
a cause-and-effect pattern. Then, note down the
important details afterwards.
 The advancement in technology and economy has created
major changes in modern society. One of these changes is
globalization. As we know, globalization has affected the
world in many ways. First, it served as a catalyst to worldwide
trading, thus allowing countries to access foreign products.
Although this had positive effects, it also posed a real threat
to the merchandise of local traders. Second, globalization
affected the financial market. As a result, different countries
had more access to funds, and the exchange in national
currencies dramatically increased. Finally, globalization also
led the privatization of various facilities, such as public health
institutions. These institutions were being privatized due to
the idea that the private sector can better manage and
provide health services. In consequence, health policies
become more and more of a commodity on a global scale
Problem-solution
A problem-solution pattern organizes ideas
into problems and proposed solutions
Sample text: List down the signal word(s) that indicate
problemsolution pattern. Then, note down the
important details
 Today, most of the energy resources we have generated from
coal, oil, and natural gas. However, these resources are
limited. If continuously consumed at an alarming rate, fossils
necessary for generating power to operate vehicles and
factories will run out before long. Nonetheless, this problem
can be resolved using alternative sources of energy and
conservation efforts. First, using alternative sources of energy
such as solar energy and fusion energy would lessen pollution.
These alternatives are actually more accessible and cost-
efficient. Although there are some potential risks in using
fusion energy, these risks can be mitigated by implementing
strictsafety measures. The second solution that governments
can adopt is the enhancement of conservation efforts. To do
this, governments need to make public more aware of the
benefits of conservation, as well as ways of conservingenergy,
such as recycling. Laws can also be passed to mandate the
public and all stakeholders to recycle energy
Persuasion
A persuasion pattern organizes ideas to show how a
set of evidence leads to a logical conclusion or
argument.
Sample text: List down the signal word(s) that
indicate persuasion. Then, note down the
important details
 Euthanasia or mercy killing has been a widely debated
issue. It is an act to end a person’s life to alleviate the
suffering brought about by a terminal or grave illness.
While it may be supported by some, mercy killing is not
only an unethical medical practice, it is also a crime. After
all, on the most basic level, euthanasia still takes a life. In
fact, majority of the countries in the world, including those
that have legalized it, consider it as homicide. Aside from
being a crime, euthanasia is unethical in the medical
context because it violates the principle of “primum non
nocore” which means “first, do no harm.” In their codeof
ethics, doctors have responsibility of saving lives, not
destroying them, which is why euthanasia can never be
acceptable. Source: Academic Reading and Writing by
Jessie s. Barrot PhD
Directions: Pick one thesis statement below
and then develop it into a paragraph.
 1. Although Instagram and Twitter have
significant similarities, they alsohave striking
differences.
 2. iPhone 6 has many features that make it stand
out in the market.
 3. There are many reasons why unemployment
continues to increase.
 4. Freedom is a concept that needs to be
understood.
 5. All provincial buses should not be allowed to
pass through EDSA.