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Naming Ionic and
Simple Covalent
Compounds
 Learning Objective
Model the rearrangement of atoms in chemical reactions using
word and simple balanced chemical equations.

Success Criteria
• I can identify the criteria for ionic and covalent bonding.
• I can identify some ionic and covalent compounds.
• I can apply the naming convention for ionic compounds.
• I can apply the naming convention for some simple covalent
compounds.
You are already familiar with some chemical names of
compounds or substances used in everyday life or in
the science laboratory.
For example, copper wire, oxygen gas and water (H 2O)

With the person next to you, think of as many

chemical formulas, names of compounds, elements
and substances that you know about.

Times
Up!

Start!
How did you go?
You might also want to add:
• Is what you have come up with a name or a formula?
• Is it an element or a compound?
• If it is a compound, is it ionic or covalent?
• Do you know what state (solid, liquid or gas) this element or compound was
in when you used or saw it?

When instructed, share your ideas with the class.

Name and Formula
Many chemicals used in a science laboratory can be identified by their name
and their formula.
For example, when we say ‘carbon dioxide’ we are giving the name but also
telling someone the formula of the compound.
In this case, carbon dioxide has:
Do you know the chemical name of water?
One carbon atom
Two oxygen atoms Dihydrogen Monoxide
The prefix ‘di-’ means two.
Does this name provide any more information about
Sometimes, we give the common name,
the formula for molecule?
of this example, ‘water’, but you might
also know it as H 2O. (Hint: Think about the prefixes given)
In this example, the common name doesn’t tell us about its chemical
composition, but the formula shows us that water has:
Two hydrogen atoms
One oxygen atom
Name and Formula
Sometimes though, the name doesn’t give us much information about the
formula.
For example, did you know that oxygen gas exists as the diatomic molecule
O 2?
This means that it bonds with another oxygen atom.
Other examples include the Noble gas, neon (Ne) that exists as a single atom.
Name and Formula
Some compounds don’t tell you their chemical formula either!
For example, sodium chloride (table salt) is made up of:
One sodium atom
One chloride atom

With
But the salt, allchloride
calcium this conflicting
is made up of:information
-
Some of you may notice that
One calciumhow
atomare you supposed to know the
technically I should have said ‘ions’ -
chemical
Two chloride atoms name and formula of these
you clever ducks!
chemical compounds?
We will get to that in a moment!
Ionic and Covalent
To help us determine how to name each compound, it is helpful to identify the
type of bond.

Ionic Covalent
• Occurs when atoms lose or • Occurs when two or more
gain electrons. atoms ‘share’ electrons to
• This results in atoms that achieve a full outer shell.
have a positive or negative • Takes place between
charge and are called ions. nonmetals.
• Takes place between • For example, CH 4
metals and nonmetals. (methane) is formed when
• For example, Mg2+ and Cl- one carbon atom shares
are ions that form the ionic electrons with four
compound MgCl 2 hydrogen atoms.
Naming Ionic Compounds
Recall that an ionic bond is formed when metal ions combine with non-metal ions. In this
type of bond there is an exchange of electrons.
When naming ionic compounds, you should follow these steps:
1. Determine which element comes first in the compound name. Metals usually form
positive ions known as cations and nonmetals form negative ions known as anions.
The cation is written before the anion. If you can’t remember the order - the element
that is furthest to the left on the periodic table goes first
2. In a binary compound (compound made of two types of elements), the second
element name changes its ending, -IDE replaces the -INE suffix. Oxygen is also
included here, whenever oxygen appears at the end of a binary compound, change
the ending to -IDE. E.g. oxide.
3. When you see any of the following polyatomic ions, use the following names:
CO32- - carbonate
SO42- - sulfate
PO43- - phosphate

OH- - hydroxide
NO3- - nitrate
NH4+ - ammonium
Let’s Try Some Examples
Which element comes first?
Let’s look at an example using the elements sodium and chloride.
You might recall that the positive ion (cation) comes first and that the negative ion
(anion) comes second.
The cation in this example is sodium (Na +) and the anion is chloride (Cl -).
However, you can also look at the periodic table to determine that sodium is furthermost
left on the table. This means that it appears first in the formula and name.
Your turn!
Which of the following elements would you place first when naming the compound?

1. Iodine and potassium potassium

2. Lithium and chlorine lithium

3. Silver and oxygen silver

4. Aluminium and oxygen aluminium

5. Bromine and potassium potassium

Let’s Try Some Examples
Change the -INE suffix to -IDE

Now that we can determine which ion comes first, we must complete the second step.

In the previous slide we determined that in an ionic compound made up of sodium and
chlorine, sodium (the cation and furthermost left on the table appears first).

This means that we must change the ending of chlorine (the anion).

chlorine → chloride

This means that the name of this ionic compound is sodium chloride.
Your turn!
Give the name of the compound made up of the following elements.
Determine which element comes first and which one needs to have the ending changed.

1. Zinc and chlorine zinc chloride

2. Iodine and potassium potassium iodide

3. Bromine and strontium strontium bromide

4. Magnesium and chlorine magnesium chloride

5. Lithium and oxygen lithium oxide

Let’s Try Some Examples
Remember that the following polyatomic ions have special names.
CO32- - carbonate
SO42- - sulfate
PO43- - phosphate

OH- - hydroxide
NO3- - nitrate
NH4+ - ammonium

For example, if I were to see the compound NH 4NO3 I would follow the same first rule
(cation then anion).
Now I can write the name ammonium nitrate.
Your turn!
Give the names of the following ionic compounds that contain polyatomic ions.
The formulas have been given to you next to the name so that you can easily identify the
cations and anions.
1. Sodium (Na+) and Hydroxide (OH -) sodium hydroxide

2. Magnesium (Mg2+) and sulfate (SO42-) magnesium sulfate

3. Phosphate (PO43-) and calcium (Ca 2+) calcium phosphate

4. Nitrate (NO3-) and silver (Ag+) silver nitrate

5. Carbonate (CO32-) and calcium (Ca 2+) calcium carbonate

Naming Covalent Compounds
Recall that a covalent bond is formed between nonmetals.
In this type of bond electrons are shared between the atoms.
The naming of covalent compounds begins similarly to ionic compounds. Firstly:
1. Determine which element comes first in the compound name. The element that is
furthest to the left on the periodic table is written first.
2. In a binary compound (compound made of two types of elements), the second
element name changes its ending, -IDE replaces the -INE suffix. Oxygen is also
included here, whenever oxygen appears at the end of a binary compound, change
the ending to -IDE. E.g. oxide.
This is where covalent compounds differ from ionic compounds.
3. Use the molecular formula to determine the number of each type of atom. This
number is added as a prefix to each element, with the exception of one for the first
element in the name.
Naming Covalent Compounds
The table below lists the numerical prefixes used to specify the number of atoms from
one to ten.
Decade…
Number is ten years
of Atoms Prefix
Monorail…
1 means one rail mono-
Decimal…
Octave… is our base ten
system2 ofisnumbers
a series of di-
eight notes
Monochrome…
These prefixes mighton a means
musical
seem overwhelming and
Tripod…
3 means three legs tri
scale
onelike
coloura lot to remember.
December…
4 which should tetra-
But I am guessing
Triangle… you
means are
three already familiar with
actually
Octopus… be the
means tenth
eight
Monocle…
5
many
angles means
of these one- prefixes.
penta-
month
feet of the year. (The
eyed(tentacles)
Let’s (in this case
6look we are examples…
at some hexa-
sequence of months were
referring
Triathlon…
7 outto means
one eyethree
glass) hepta-
placed of order
Octagon… means eight when
competitions
July
sidesand
8 August (named octa-
(athlon is related
after Julius to the
and Augustus
9 nona-
Greek word ‘athlos’
Caesar respectively) werethat
means10 deca-
insertedcompetition)
into the middle.
Prefixes Activity
Let’s try some activities to help us remember these prefixes.
1. Try to think of some words that use the prefixes shown in the table on the previous
slides. If you can’t think of any, search for some words where the prefix used relates
to the number. What can you find?
2. Come up with a mnemonic device (memory technique) to help you remember the
prefixes. For example, you would know the acronym BEDMAS as a way to remember
the order of operations.
Naming Covalent Compounds
Let’s review… Number of Atoms Prefix
The naming of covalent compounds begins 1 mono-
similarly to ionic compounds. Firstly:
2 di-
1. Determine which element comes first in
the compound name. The element that 3 tri
is furthest to the left on the periodic 4 tetra-
table is written first.
5 penta-
2. In a binary compound (compound made
of two types of elements), the second 6 hexa-
element name changes its ending, -IDE 7 hepta-
replaces the -INE suffix. Oxygen is also
included here, whenever oxygen 8 octa-
appears at the end of a binary 9 nona-
compound, change the ending to -IDE.
E.g. oxide. 10 deca-
3. Use the molecular formula to determine
the number of each type of atom. This
number is added as a prefix to each
element, with the exception of one for
the first element in the name.
Let’s Try Some Examples
What would be the name of the compound CO 2?

1. First determine which element name to write first.

Out of carbon and oxygen, carbon is the furthermost left on the periodic table,
so it is named first.
Let’s Try Some Examples
2. The suffix for the second element (oxygen) is changed to -IDE.

So, →
oxygen oxide
Let’s Try Some Examples
3. We add prefixes that identify how many of each element are present in the
molecule.

Carbon has no
number next to it,
CO Oxygen has
the number
two next to it,
this means
this means that there
that there are
is only one of these
two of these
in the molecule.
in the

2 molecule.
Let’s Try Some Examples
So now we know that we have Number of Atoms Prefix
one carbon atom and two oxygen
atoms in CO2. 1 mono-
2 di-

Using the table we can see that 3 tri

the prefix for two is di-. 4 tetra-
Remember that we don’t use the 5 penta-
prefix mono- for the first element
in the name. 6 hexa-
7 hepta-
Now we can complete our name 8 octa-
9 nona-
Carbon + oxide → carbon dioxide 10 deca-
Some Exceptions
There are some exceptions to the rules (one which you already know).
1. The prefix mono- is not added to the first element in the name, only the
second element.
2. The ‘a’ or ‘o’ at the end of the prefix is dropped when the name of the
element begins with a vowel. For example, four oxygen atoms is tetr oxide
and not tetraoxide.
3. The element that appears first is usually the one that is furthermost left on
the periodic table. With the exception of carbon which always appears first,
for example CH4. Additionally, in a formula such as NH 3, hydrogen appears
after nitrogen.
Your turn!
Write the name of the compound with the Number of Atoms Prefix
formula PCl3
1 mono-
The rules below and table to the right are there
to help you. 2 di-

1. Determine which element comes first in the 3 tri

compound name. The element that is furthest 4
to The name
the left on the of the table
periodic compound
is written with the formula PCl3 is… tetra-
first. 5 penta-
2. In a binary compound phosphorus
(compound made of trichloride 6 hexa-
two types of elements), the second element
7 hepta-
name changes its ending, -IDE replaces the -
INE suffix. Oxygen is also included here, 8 octa-
whenever oxygen appears at the end of a 9 nona-
binary compound, change the ending to -IDE.
E.g. oxide. 10 deca-
3. Use the molecular formula to determine the
number of each type of atom. This number is
added as a prefix to each element, with the
exception of one for the first element in the
name.
Your turn!
Write the name of the compound with the Number of Atoms Prefix
formula N2S4
1 mono-
The rules below and table to the right are there
to help you. 2 di-

1. Determine which element comes first in the 3 tri

compound name. The element that is furthest 4
to The name
the left on the of the table
periodic compound
is written with the formula N2S4 is…tetra-
first. 5 penta-
2. In a binary compound dinitrogen
(compound madetetrasulfide
of 6 hexa-
two types of elements), the second element
7 hepta-
name changes its ending, -IDE replaces the -
INE suffix. Oxygen is also included here, 8 octa-
whenever oxygen appears at the end of a 9 nona-
binary compound, change the ending to -IDE.
E.g. oxide. 10 deca-
3. Use the molecular formula to determine the
number of each type of atom. This number is
added as a prefix to each element, with the
exception of one for the first element in the
name.
Your turn!
Write the name of the compound with the Number of Atoms Prefix
formula CCl4
1 mono-
The rules below and table to the right are there
to help you. 2 di-

1. Determine which element comes first in the 3 tri

compound name. The element that is furthest 4
to The name
the left on the of the table
periodic compound
is written with the formula CCl4 is…tetra-
first. 5 penta-
carbonmade
2. In a binary compound (compound tetrachloride
of 6 hexa-
two types of elements), the second element
7 hepta-
name changes its ending, -IDE replaces the -
INE suffix. Oxygen is also included here, 8 octa-
whenever oxygen appears at the end of a 9 nona-
binary compound, change the ending to -IDE.
E.g. oxide. 10 deca-
3. Use the molecular formula to determine the
number of each type of atom. This number is
added as a prefix to each element, with the
exception of one for the first element in the
name.
Your turn!
Write the name of the compound with the Number of Atoms Prefix
formula H2O
1 mono-
The rules below and table to the right are there
to help you. 2 di-

1. Determine which element comes first in the 3 tri

compound name. The element that is furthest 4
Theleftname
to the of the table
on the periodic compound
is written with the formula H2O is… tetra-
first. 5 penta-
dihydrogen
2. In a binary compound (compound made ofmonoxide 6 hexa-
(commonly
two types of elements), known as water) 7
the second element
hepta-
name changes its ending, -IDE replaces the -
INE suffix. Oxygen is also included here, 8 octa-
whenever oxygen appears at the end of a 9 nona-
binary compound, change the ending to -IDE.
E.g. oxide. 10 deca-
3. Use the molecular formula to determine the
number of each type of atom. This number is
added as a prefix to each element, with the
exception of one for the first element in the
name.
Your turn!
Now it’s your turn to practise these skills by completing the worksheet titled
Naming Ionic and Covalent Compounds Worksheet.