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LESSON 4 Computer Network (2)

A computer network is a collection of interconnected devices that facilitate file sharing, resource sharing, and electronic communication. There are three primary types of networks: Local Area Network (LAN), Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), and Wide Area Network (WAN), each differing in size and scope. Various network devices, such as hubs, switches, routers, and firewalls, are essential for enabling communication and managing data transmission within these networks.

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7 views

LESSON 4 Computer Network (2)

A computer network is a collection of interconnected devices that facilitate file sharing, resource sharing, and electronic communication. There are three primary types of networks: Local Area Network (LAN), Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), and Wide Area Network (WAN), each differing in size and scope. Various network devices, such as hubs, switches, routers, and firewalls, are essential for enabling communication and managing data transmission within these networks.

Uploaded by

Joel C. Ruta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPUTER

NETWORK
A computer network refers to a
group of computing devices
that are connected together in
order to exchange files, share
resources, data, and
applications and allow
electronic communication.
THREE BASIC TYPES OF
NETWORK
1. LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)
A LAN is a collection of
connected devices in one
physical location, such as a
home or an offi ce. A LAN can
be small or large, ranging
from a home network with one
user to a large enterprise
network with thousands of
users and devices. A LAN may
include both wired and
wireless devices.
Regardless of size, a LAN's
particular characteristic is
that it connects devices that
are in a single, limited area.
2. METROPOLITAN AREA
NETWORK (MAN)
 MAN is a large computer
network that usually spans a
city or a large campus. It is
usually formed by connecting
multiple L ANs.
 Essentially, this is a computer
network which links users and
serves them various resources
across an area that is too
large to be covered by a L AN,
but smaller than is required by
a WAN.
 MAN is used in communication
between the banks in a city,
college within a city, and even
for communication in the
military.
3. WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN)

 A WAN extends over a large


geographical area and
connects individual users or
multiple L ANs. The Internet
can be considered a WAN.
Large organizations use
WANs to connect their
various sites, remote
employees, suppliers, and
data centers so they can run
applications and access
necessary data.
 Physical connectivity in
WANs can be achieved by
leased lines, cellular
connections, satellite links,
and other means.
The three network types can
diff er from each other in many
aspects. Some of the significant
diff erences are listed in the
table below.
NETWORK DEVICES

Network devices, also known as


network equipment are electronic
devices which are necessary to
allow communication and
interaction between devices on a
network. They mediate data
transmission within a computer
network.
COMMON NETWORK DEVICES
HUB

It is the simplest in


the family of network
connecting devices
because it connects
LAN components with
identical protocols.
Hubs do not perform
packet fi ltering or
addressing functions;
they just send data
packets to all
connected devices.
SWITCH

 Switches have a more


intelligent role than hubs. A
switch is a multiport device
that improves network
effi ciency.
 The switch maintains
limited routing information
about nodes in the internal
network, and it allows
connections to systems like
hubs or routers.
 Generally, switches can
read the hardware
addresses of incoming
packets to transmit them to
the appropriate destination.
ROUTER

 A router derives its name from


the fact that it can route data
it receives from one network
into another. When a router
receives a packet of data, it
reads the header of the packet
to determine the destination
address.
 Once it has determined the
address, it looks in its routing
table to determine whether it
knows how to reach the
destination and, if it does, it
forwards the packet to the next
hop on the route. The next hop
might be the fi nal destination,
or it might be another router.
MODEM

 A modem, short for


modulator/demodulator, is
a device that converts the
digital signals generated
by a computer into analog
signals that can travel
over conventional phone
lines. The modem at the
receiving end converts the
signal back into a format
the computer can
understand. Modems can
be used as a means to
connect to an ISP or as a
mechanism for dialing up
to a L AN.
REPEATER

A repeater is an
electronic device that
amplifi es the signal it
receives. You can think
of repeater as a device
which receives a signal
and retransmits it at a
higher level or higher
power so that the
signal can cover longer
distances, more than
100 meters for
standard LAN cables.
BRIDGE

Bridges are used to divide


larger networks into
smaller sections. They do
this by sitting between
two physical network
segments and managing
the fl ow of data between
the two. By looking at the
MAC (Media Access
Control) address of the
devices connected to each
segment, bridges can
select to forward the data
or block it from crossing.
NETWORK INTERFACE CARD

Network Interface
Card, also called
network card or
LAN card is a
device that
enables a
computer to
connect to the
network.
GATEWAY

 A gateway is simply a device or


hardware that acts as a "gate"
between the networks. We can
also defi ne it as a node that acts
as an entry for other network
nodes. It is also responsible for
facilitating the traffi c fl ow within
the network.
 A gateway is essentially a system
used to communicate between
networks with diff erent protocols
and are responsible for converting
one protocol into another. It is
responsible for providing access
to the internet for households,
thereby serving as an internet
service provider.
FIREWALL

 A fi rewall is a network
device that monitors and
either blocks or allows
traffi c based on a set of
rules. It protects the
computer network from
unauthorized access.
Firewalls can be software,
hardware, or a combination
of both.
 Additionally, the rules
fi rewalls use can be based
on something
straightforward like ports
and IP addresses or use
heuristics to identify
malicious behavior.
THANK YOU

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