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Algebra

The document covers various mathematical concepts including significant figures, factoring, laws of exponents, and types of equations such as linear, quadratic, and cubic equations. It also discusses binomial expansion, partial fractions, and provides examples of word problems, number problems, rate problems, work problems, and age problems. Additionally, it includes calculator techniques for solving equations and examples for practice.

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10 views27 pages

Algebra

The document covers various mathematical concepts including significant figures, factoring, laws of exponents, and types of equations such as linear, quadratic, and cubic equations. It also discusses binomial expansion, partial fractions, and provides examples of word problems, number problems, rate problems, work problems, and age problems. Additionally, it includes calculator techniques for solving equations and examples for practice.

Uploaded by

zukihina4
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATHEMATICS

(ALGEBRA)
ENGR. MAE ANN P. NAVIDA, RMEE
SIGNIFICANT FIGURES
Without Decimal With Decimal
- Trailing zeroes are insignificant - Count from right to left and
only
stop at a NON-ZERO digit.
Examples:
990 2 significant figures 66.10 4 significant figures
14000 2 significant figures 14.00 4 significant
figures
5.8 x 104 2 significant figures 6.0380 5 significant
figures
0.0060380 5 significant figures
FACTORING
LAW OF EXPONENTS
PROBLEMS:

1. Which number has four significant figures?


a. 0.0014 b. 0.01414 c. 0.141 d. 1.4140

2. Solve: 3. Expand:
LOGARITHM

Example:
EQUATIONS
1. LINEAR EQUATION (First Degree Equation)
A. Linear Equation (First Degree Equation)
Solution: Simple Transpose

3 𝑋 +2= 𝑋 + 8
Calculator Technique: Shift Solve
B. Linear equation with two or more unknownCalculator Technique: Mode 5(EQN)
-1
Solution: a. Substitution method
b. Elimination Method
c. Determinants
Example:
2. QUADRATIC EQUATION (Second Degree Equation)
A. Quadratic Equation with only one unknownCalculator Technique: Mode 5(EQN) -
General Equation: 3

Solution: 1. Quadratic Formula


2. Completing the Square
3. Factoring if factorable
Example:
1. Quadratic Formula
Discriminant

Note: – roots are equal. There is only one solution


– roots are unequal and real
– roots are imaginary

Properties of roots:
Sum of roots:
Product of roots:
B. Quadratic Equation with two unknowns Calculator Technique: Mode 5(EQN)
-1
Solution: Elimination Method
Substitution Method
Determinants
Example: Solve for x and y

3. CUBIC EQUATION ( Third Degree Equation)


Best Solution: Using Calculator
Calculator Technique: Mode 5(EQN)
-4
1. What is the solution to the following system of simultaneous linear
equations?
2A + 3B – C = -10 -A +4B + 2C = -4 2A – 2B + 5C = 30
a. 8.38, -4.81, 4.32 c. 6.38, -9.81, 4.32
b. 1.38, -5.81, 4.32 d. 1.38, -2.81, 4.32

2. What are the roots of the cubic equation


a. X = 1.602, -0.2398, -1.262c. X = 3.602, -0.4398, -3.262
b. X = 2.602, -0.3398, -2.262d. X = 4.602, -0.5398, -4.262
BINOMIAL EXPANSION
Binomial expansion is an equation obtained when (x + y)n is expanded.

Pascal Triangle
(x + y)0 1
(x + y)1 1 1
(x + y)2 1 2 1
(x + y)3 1 3 3 1
(x + y)4 1 4 6 4 1
BINOMIAL THEOREM
Note: The coefficient of any term after the first may be found from the
preceding term by multiplying its coefficient by the exponent of x and
dividing by the number of term.

Sample:

Cal Tech: For middle term:


n = exponent
r = term
Find the 3rd term of the expansion (2x+y)5
a. 80x3y2 b. 70x3y2 c. 60x3y2 d. 50x3y2

In the expansion of (2x + 3y)6 find the x5 term.


a. 576x5y b. 577x5y c. 578x5y d. 579x5y
PARTIAL FRACTION
Case 1: Linear Factors not repeated

Solving the equation, A = -2; B= -1; C = 4

Case 2: Repeated Linear Factors

Solving equation, A = 2; B = 3; C = 5; D = 1
Resolve the following into partial fractions.

a. c.
b.
d.

Cal Tech:
1. Type the equation and by using calc set any
number and remember the answer.
2. Do it also in the choices and find the same
answer.
WORDED
PROBLEMS
NUMBER PROBLEMS
Consecutive numbers:
x = first number
x + 1 = second number
x + 2 = third number

Consecutive odd/even numbers:


x = first number
x + 2 = second number
x + 4 = third number
MATH (August 2017)

The sum of the two numbers is 21. If their difference is 9, what is there
product?
a. 54 b. 80 c. 104 d. 90
DIGIT PROBLEMS
Principle: Place Value System
Three-digit number: 100h + 10t + u
Reverses digit number: 100u + 10t + h
Sum of digits: h+t+u

Where, h = hundreds digits


t = tens digits
u = ones digits
In a three digit number, the hundreds digit is twice the units digit. If 396 be
subtracted from the number, the order of the digits will be reversed. Find the
number if the sum of the digits is 17.

a. 665 b. 917 c. 863 d. 854


RATE PROBLEMS
Where: S = distance traveled
v = constant velocity
t = time

A. For horizontal straight path:

1. S = total distance =
2. T = total time =
3. Average Velocity =
In his motorboat, a man can go downstream in 1 hour less time than he can
go upstream the same distance. If the current is 5 mph, how fast can he
travel downstream if it takes him 2 hours to travel upstream the given
distance?
a. 20 mph b. 21 mph c. 22 mph d. 23 mph
WORK PROBLEMS
Principle 1: Man-Hour

Man-Hour is the average work by a man in one hour.

Principle 2: Simultaneous Work

Concepts: , and
(Individual Rates)
Joshua can paint a fence 50% faster than Theo and 20% faster than James
and together they can paint a given fence in 4 hours. How long will it take
Joshua to paint the same fence if he had to work alone?
a. 9 b. 10 c. 11 d. 12
AGE PROBLEMS
MATH (April 2004)

John is four times as old as Harry. In six years, John will be twice as old as
Harry. What is the age of Harry now?
a. 5 b. 4 c. 3 d. 2

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