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Digestive System

The document provides an overview of the digestive system, detailing its organization, phases of digestion, and the roles of various organs. It explains the gastrointestinal tract, the functions of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, as well as the roles of accessory organs like the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Key processes include ingestion, mechanical and chemical digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of waste.

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mayumiocampo1981
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13 views20 pages

Digestive System

The document provides an overview of the digestive system, detailing its organization, phases of digestion, and the roles of various organs. It explains the gastrointestinal tract, the functions of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, as well as the roles of accessory organs like the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Key processes include ingestion, mechanical and chemical digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of waste.

Uploaded by

mayumiocampo1981
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Digestive

System
Digestive System Organization

1.

2.

3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

2
Digestion
• Phases Include
1. Ingestion
2. Movement
3. Mechanical and Chemical Digestion
4. Absorption
5. Elimination
Digestion
• Types
– Mechanical (physical)
• Chew
• Tear
• Grind
• Mash
• Mix
– Chemical
• Enzymatic reactions to improve digestion of
– Carbohydrates
– Proteins
– Lipids
Digestive System Organization
• Gastrointestinal (Gl) tract
– Tube within a tube
– Direct link/path between organs
– Structures
• Mouth
• Pharynx
• Esophagus
• Stomach
• Small intestine
• Large Intestine
• Rectum

5
Mouth
• Teeth mechanically • Epiglottis is a flap-like
break down food into structure at the back of
small pieces. Tongue the throat that closes
mixes food with saliva over the trachea
(contains amylase, preventing food from
which helps break down entering it. It is located
starch). in the Pharynx.
Esophagus
• Approximately 20 cm long.
• Functions include:
1. Secrete mucus
2. Moves food from the throat to
the stomach using muscle
movement called peristalsis
• If acid from the stomach gets in
here that’s heartburn.
Mouth, Pharynx and Esophagus Video
Stomach
• J-shaped muscular bag that stores the food you
eat, breaks it down into tiny pieces.
• Mixes food with Digestive Juices that contain
enzymes to break down Proteins and Lipids.
Lipids
• Acid (HCl) in the stomach Kills Bacteria.
• Food found in the stomach is called Chyme.

8
Small Intestine
• Small intestines are roughly 7 meters long
• Lining of intestine walls has finger-like
projections called villi, to increase surface
area.
• The villi are covered in microvilli which
further increases surface area for
absorption.

Crash Course Review


9
Small Intestine
• Nutrients from the food pass into the
bloodstream through the small
intestine walls.

• Absorbs:
– 80% ingested water
– Vitamins
– Minerals
– Carbohydrates
– Proteins
– Lipids

• Secretes digestive enzymes


10
Large Intestine
• About 1.5 meters long
• Accepts what small intestines don’t
absorb
• Rectum (short term storage which
holds feces before it is expelled).
Large Intestine
• Functions
– Bacterial digestion
• Ferment carbohydrates

– Absorbs more water


– Concentrate wastes
Accessory Organs The Glands
• Not part of the path
of food, but play a
critical role.
• Include: Liver, gall
bladder, and
pancreas
Liver
• Directly affects digestion by producing
bile
– Bile helps digest fat
• filters out toxins and waste including
drugs and alcohol and poisons.

14
Gall Bladder
• Stores bile from the
liver, releases it into the
small intestine.
• Fatty diets can cause
gallstones
Pancreas
• Produces digestive
enzymes to digest fats,
carbohydrates and
proteins
• Regulates blood sugar
by producing insulin

Web Page Reinforcement Video


On a sheet of paper, write the name of
each colored organ:
• Green:
• Red:
• Pink:
• Brown:
• Purple:
• Green:
• Yellow:
How’d you do?
• Green: Esophagus
• Red: Stomach
• Pink: Small Intestine
• Brown: Large Intestine
• Purple: Liver
• Green: Gall Bladder
• Yellow: Pancreas

Great Job!
References and Links
• Your Digestive System and How It Works
– Digestive system diagram comes from this site
• The Real Deal on the Digestive System
• Pancreas: Introduction and Index
• Your Gross and Cool Body - Digestive System
• Laurentian Regional High School Data Base
- you must know the Username and Password

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