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MUTATIONS

The document discusses mutations, defined as changes in DNA sequences or chromosomes that can occur in reproductive or somatic cells. It outlines two types of mutations: gene mutations (substitution, insertion, deletion) and chromosome mutations (inversion, deletion, duplication, translocation), and their potential impacts on health, including genetic disorders. The document also includes objectives for learners, review questions, and multiple-choice questions to assess understanding of the topic.

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francismae00
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6 views21 pages

MUTATIONS

The document discusses mutations, defined as changes in DNA sequences or chromosomes that can occur in reproductive or somatic cells. It outlines two types of mutations: gene mutations (substitution, insertion, deletion) and chromosome mutations (inversion, deletion, duplication, translocation), and their potential impacts on health, including genetic disorders. The document also includes objectives for learners, review questions, and multiple-choice questions to assess understanding of the topic.

Uploaded by

francismae00
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MUTATION

SQUARTER 3, MELC 5
Acronym
“PRAY”
Participate actively: Raise your hand to
share your ideas and ask questions. •

Respect others: Be kind and listen to


your classmates and teacher.

Attention please: Focus on the lesson


and avoid distractions.

Your best effort: Try your hardest in all


your work.
Review of Previous
Lesson
• What protein synthesis?
• What are the two stages
of protein synthesis?
• Differentiate transcription
and translation.
Who is this?
What characteristics he has?
What cause
this tiger to
be multi-
colored or to
have white
coat instead
of an orange
coat?
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to:

1.define mutation

2. describe the two types of


mutation

3. cite at least three importance why understanding


mutation is important in our daily lives such as
contribute to genetic disorders.
MUTATION is any change in DNA sequence or in
chromosomes of living cells. It may occur in two
types of cell: reproductive or sex cells and body or
somatic cells. Mutation in sex cells can be passed on
to offspring while mutation in somatic cells can
cause cancer in the body.
Mutation occurs when there is
a:
a. change in the order of nitrogenous
bases
b. mistake in the transcription of genetic
code from DNA to mRNA
c. mistake in the pairing of codon and
anticodon
d. change in chromosome structure
Mutation can:
a. cause changes in the kind, sequence, and number of
amino acids of protein produced by the cells
b. change the protein structure or level expression which
may lead to changes in cellular properties and behavior,
thus an organism is affected
c. be a gain or loss, duplication and translocation of
chromosomes maylead to a variety of genetic disorders
such as Down’s Syndrome, Edward’s Syndrome, and
Klinefelter’s Syndrome
1. GENE MUTATION- occurs when a nitrogenous base
within the gene segment is permanently changed. There
are three kinds of gene mutation.

a. SUBSTITUTION - one base pair is replaced by


another
b.INSERTION or DUPLICATION - one or more base
pair is added to a sequence
c. DELETION - one or more pairs is lost from a
sequence
2. CHROMOSOME MUTATION – occurs when part of a
chromosome is deleted, duplicated, rearranged, or broke off
and rejoined incorrectly during mitosis or meiosis. It may
occur in many ways

a. INVERSION – results when a piece of a chromosomes


has turned in a direction opposite to the usual
b. DELETION – occurs when a piece of chromosomes is lost

c. DUPLICATION – presence of a chromosome piece


more than once in the chromosome
d. TRANSLOCATION – when one chromosome is swapped
with a piece from another chromosome
The presence of mutated chromosomes will
greatly cause problems on the growth,
function, and development of the organisms.
Some individuals will have reproductive
problems because abnormal chromosomes
result to a child withbirth defects. Some
changes will cause medical problems, while
others may have no effect on person’s
health.
Guide Questions: Answer the following
1. What is a mutation
2. What is the difference between a
mutation in a sex cell and a mutation in a
somatic cell?
3. How does a gene mutation differ from
chromosomal mutation, and what their
examples.
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct
answer.
1. What is a mutation?
A) A change in the protein structure
B) A change in DNA sequence or chromosome structure
C) A change in the number of cells
D) A change in the number of chromosomes

2. Which of the following mutations occur in sex cells and can


be passed on to offspring?
A) Somatic mutations
B) Chromosomal mutations
C) Gene mutations
D) Mutations in reproductive cells
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct
answer.
3. Which of the following is an example of a gene mutation?
A) Inversion
B) Deletion
C) Duplication
D) Substitution

4. What is the consequence of a mutation in a somatic cell?


A) It can cause cancer in the body.
B) It can be passed on to the next generation.
C) It affects only the structure of the protein.
D) It does not affect the individual’s health.
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct
answer.
5. Which of the following mutations involves the
rearranging of a part of a chromosome?

A) Inversion
B) Duplication
C) Translocation
D) Deletion
Assignment

Advanced reading about genetic disorders


cause by mutation. For example, Down
Syndrom.

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