SAMARTH GROUP OF INSTITUTUIONS,COLLEGE

OF ENGINEERING,BELHE-412410

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

A PRPJECT ON
“PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT BY GROUND GRANULATED
BLAST FURNANCE SLAG (GGBFS) ALONG WITH STEEL AND
POLYPROPYLENE FIBRE IN CONCRETE”
PRESENTED BY

Gawade Gopinath B. Gunjal Ashish B.

Shinde Omkar P. Bhalerao Mangesh B.

GUIDED BY
Prof. Bargaje S.S.
 CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Objectives
 Scope
 Literature Review
 Methodology
 Results
 Conclusion
 References
 INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS GGBFS?

• It is a by-product of the manufacture of iron in a blast

furnace.
• Obtained by quenching molten iron slag from a blast
furnace in water or stream, dried and ground into a powder.
PRODUCTION PROCCES ON GGBFS.
 OBJECTIVES

To determine the performance of concrete by partial

replacement of cement by GGBFS in 10%, 20%, 30%
& 40 % variants.
To determine the performance of concrete by partial
replacement of cement by GGBFS and steel and
polypropylene Fiber ( up to 2%).
To determine the compressive strength and split
tensile strength of concrete for 7 days and 28 days
curing.
To determine the most appropriate percentage of
GGFBS in concrete which gives high strength and
result.
 SCOPE
Scope of present work is to use the optimum ratio
of the materials which will enhance the different
parameters of the concrete.
Use of GGBFS as a partial replacement of cement
in concrete is a new option that has now emerged in
the world of concrete. As GGBFS is a waste
material produced from the steel industry.
This replacement reduces the demand of deficient
cement and ultimately solves some environmental
concerns.
It has got one of its application, which is studied in
this seminar report and the same enhances waste
management.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
Sr. Name of Description
No. Authors
1 M. Pavan The cement has been replaced by GGBFS accordingly in the
Kumar (2015) range of 0% (without GGBFS), 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by
weight of cement for M25 mix. The sand has been replaced
by Copper slag accordingly in the range of 0% (without
Copper slag), 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% by weight of cement
for M25 mix. Concrete mixtures were produced, tested and
compared in terms of compressive, flexural and split tensile
strength with the conventional concrete.
2 S. P. Sangeetha Author carried out the study on flexural behaviour of reinforced
(2014)- concrete beams with partial replacement of GGBFS. And this
study focuses on the structural behaviour of reinforced concrete
beam with Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS).It
is an inexpensive replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement
(OPC) used in concrete, and it improved fresh and hardened
properties of concrete. Experimental investigation included
testing of eight reinforced concrete beams with and without
GGBFS.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
Sr. Name of
No. Authors Description

3 Santosh In the research paper naming Strength and Durability Studies on

Kumar GGBFS Concrete shows that, Workability of concrete increases with
Karri the increase in GGBFS replacement level. The compressive strength of
(2015) concrete increased when cement is replaced by GGBFS for both M20
and M40 grade of concrete. At 40% replacement of cement by GGBFS
the concrete attained maximum compressive strength for both M20
and M40 grade of concrete
4 Siddharth In this experimental work the compressive strength, split tensile
(2005) strength, flexural strength tests were conducted by adding ground
granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) in various percentage of 0%,
10%, 20%, 30% and 40% to the weight of cement and 1% steel fibres
of round crimped type having aspect ratio 54 were used. From the test
results it was concluded that strength of the concrete increases with the
increase of GGBFS up to 40% and also increase in load carrying
capacity of40% GGBFS beams compare to conventional beams.
From the overall study it was concluded that there was
improvement in the strength of concrete by addition of GGBFS up to
40% with 1% of steel fibre.
METHODOLOGY
FLOW CHART
 PROCEDURE

MATERIALS USED
TESTINFG OF MATERIALS
CONCRETE MIX DESIGN
CASTING OF MOULDS
CURING
TESTING
 MATERIALS USED
Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS)
Ordinary Portland Cement
Coarse Aggregate
Fine Aggregate
Steel Fibre
Polypropylene Fibre
Water
 TESTING OF MATERIALS
TESTING OF OPC

a) Standard Consistency Test

b) Initial and Final Setting time
c) Fineness Test
 MIX DESIGN
Steel Polypropylene
Cement GGBFS F.A. C.A. Water
Sr.No Fibre Fibre
m 3
m 3
m 3
m 3
m 3
m3 m3

1. 0.127 0 0.256 0.419 0. 197 - -

2. 0.114 0.013 0.256 0.419 0.197 0.005 0.005

3. 0.101 0.026 0.256 0.419 0.197 0.01 0.01

4. 0.088 0.039 0.256 0.419 0.197 0.015 0.015

5. 0.076 0.052 0.256 0.419 0.197 0.020 0.020

 CASTING OF MOULDS

Casting of following moulds was done:

Cube (Size -150 X 150 X 150) mm

 Cylinder (Size -150 X 300 ) mm
 Beam (Size- 150 X 150 X 750) mm
 CASTING OF MOULDS

Casting of Cubes Casting of Beam

 CURING
4.5 Curing
The test specimen- shall be stored in a place, free from
vibration, in moist air of at least 90 percent relative humidity
and at a temperature of 27° ± 2°e for 24 hours ± l hour from
the time of addition of water to the dry ingredients, After this
period, the specimens shall be marked and removed from the
moulds and, unless required for test within 24 hours,
immediately submerged in clean, fresh water or saturated
lime solution and kept there until taken out just prior to test.
The water or solution in which the specimens are submerged
shall be renewed every seven days and shall be maintained at
a temperature of 27° ± 2°C. The specimens shall not be
alk.weo to become dry at any time until they have been
tested.
 TESTING OF SPECIMENS
Various tests are carried out on different
specimens like cube,beam and cylinder.

1. Compressive strength test

2. Split tensile strength test
3. Flexural test
 RESULTS
Compressive Strength of Cube.

FCK (N/mm2) at 7 FCK (N/mm2) at 28

MIX
days days

Only OPC 100% 14.82 20.93

GGBS (10%) 12.26 17.82

GGBS (20%) 16.45 22.07

GGBS (30%) 17.05 22.92

GGBS (40%) 18.92 26.60

 RESULTS
Split Tensile Strength of Cylinder

FCK (N/mm2) at 7 FCK (N/mm2) at 28

MIX
days days
Only OPC (100%) 0.45 2.83

GGBS (10%) 1.23 1.84

GGBS (20%) 0.88 1.98

GGBS (30%) 1.41 2.62

GGBS (40%) 1.37 2.62

 RESULTS
Flexural Strength of Beam
Avg
% GGBFS Flexural
Avg Load Avg Deflection
Sr No. Designation Replacement of Remarks Strength
(KN) (mm)
Cement of Beam at
28 day

First crack load

26 0.77
Conventional and deflection 16.35
1 0
Beam N/mm2
Ulti. Load &
93 2.76
Deflection

First crack load

29 1.11
& deflection 19.31
2 GGBFS Beam 40
N/mm2
Ulti. Load &
112 3.93
Deflection
 CONCLUSIONS
Blast Furnace Slag concrete mix having various cement
replacement level up to 40% Exhibited satisfactory results for
compressive strength.
The optimum use of GGBFS along with steel and polypropylene
Fibre upto certain percentage of cement replacement gives higher
compressive ,split tensile and flexural strength.
Use of high volume GGBFS as a replacement of cement, in any
construction work, provides Lower impact on environment
(reduced CO2 emission) and judicious use of resources(energy
conservation, use of by-product etc.)
 Use of GGBFS reduces the amount of cement content as well as
heat of hydration in a mortar mix. Thus, the construction work
with GGBFS concrete becomes economical and also
environmentally safe.
 CONCLUSIONS
The optimum dosage for partial replacement of cement by
ground granulated blast furnace slag is 40%
The optimum dosage for addition of steel fibred is 2%
The percentage of increase in compressive strength for
M20, grade for partial replacement of cement by GGBS
(40%) + addition of steel fibre and polypropylene (2%) are
nearly same for other proportion of GGBFS,steel and
polypropylene.
Test results reveal that higher fibre content has brought
about increased compressive strength, flexural strength,
and fibre crack-control effect. Hence the addition of steel
fibre within FRC is more helpful for the flexural strength
than the compressive strength.
 REFERENCES
Santosh Kumar Karri,G.V.RamaRao, P.Markandeya
Raju “Strength and Durability Studies on GGBFS
Concrete” (SSRG-IJCE) – volume 2 Issue 10 October
2015.
Prof Siddharth, Prof. Seetharam.Munnur,”
Experimental Study on Strength Properties of
Concrete using Steel Fibre and GGBFS as Partial
Replacement of Cement”, International Journal of
Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN:
2278-0181Vol. 4 Issue 01,January-2015
S.P. Sangeetha, P.S Joanna,” Flexural behavior of
Reinforced concrete beams with partial replacement
of GGBFS”,AJER, e-ISSN: 2320-
0936,Volume3,Issue01,pp-119-127,2014
 REFERENCES
Premlal. V G,Prof. A. Nizad, “Strength and Durability
Characteristics of Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete
Containing Copper Slag as Partial Replacement of Fine
Aggregate”, International Journal of Engineering Research
& Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181Vol. 4 Issue 09,
September-2015
M. Pavan Kumar, Y. Mahesh, “The Behaviour of Concrete
by Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate with Copper Slag
and Cement with GGBFS - An Experimental Study” IOSR
Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE)
e-ISSN:2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 12, Issue 3
Ver. III (May. - Jun. 2015), PP 51-56
D. Suresh and K. Nagaraj,” Ground Granulated Blast Slag
(GGBFS) In Concrete – A Review” IOSR Journal of
Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE),e- ISSN:
2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 12, Issue 4 Ver.
VI (Jul. - Aug.2015), PP 76-82”.