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Dengue is a mosquito-borne disease primarily transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, affecting around 400 million people annually, with symptoms including rash, severe pain, and bleeding. Chikungunya, caused by the chikungunya virus, also spreads through Aedes mosquitoes and is characterized by fever and debilitating joint pain. Prevention for both diseases focuses on reducing mosquito breeding sites and using protective measures like repellents and nets.

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Salwa Mateen
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13 views12 pages

Presentation 1

Dengue is a mosquito-borne disease primarily transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, affecting around 400 million people annually, with symptoms including rash, severe pain, and bleeding. Chikungunya, caused by the chikungunya virus, also spreads through Aedes mosquitoes and is characterized by fever and debilitating joint pain. Prevention for both diseases focuses on reducing mosquito breeding sites and using protective measures like repellents and nets.

Uploaded by

Salwa Mateen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Dengue and

chikungunya
What is Dengue?
Dengue is a transmitted disease and it may have major consequences to any person. The pronunciation of dengue is den-gey. It is caused by female
mosquitoes, named Aedes mosquitoes. It is most seen and felt in tropical and subtropical areas such as the torrid zone. Dengue is caused by the mosquitoes
when they bite you, and this generally happens in the daytime. These mosquitoes are generally found in human habitats. Dengue is a major disease and in fact,
nearly 400 million people in this entire world are affected by it in a year. The more basic way to understand this is that every one mosquito in every four
mosquitoes is a female Aedes mosquito that causes dengue. This virus is so deadly that it might affect an individual four times in his lifetime.
Causes of Dengue:
• 1. Mother to child - The dangerous thing is that the dengue virus
can also affect a fetus or womb of a mother. This means that if the
mother is suffering from dengue and she is pregnant, the disease will
pass on to the baby as well. It is also a known fact that dengue can
be transmitted through breastfeeding.

• 2. Mosquito bites - This is the most common method of getting


infected by this disease. If a mosquito bites you and if that mosquito
is a dengue mosquito, you will need treatment as the chances of you
getting infected is one hundred percent.

• 3. Other miscellaneous sources - Other scientific methods or


biological methods of transmitting the disease are organ transplant,
blood transfusion, etc. Now, let us study some symptoms that you
might notice when a dengue mosquito bites you
Symptoms of
Dengue
• Rash.
• Nausea and vomiting.
• Severe joint and muscle pain and
abdominal pain.
• Bleeding from nose and gums.
• Loss of appetite.
• Blood in stool, urine and vomit.
• Difficulty in breathing.
• Clammy or cold skin (shock).
• Restlessness and sudden fall in blood
pressure.
• Swollen glands.
• These symptoms usually persist for 2-
7 days. Then the patients typically
Dengue Treatment
To date, no vaccine or medicine has
been developed. But for patients
with mild symptoms can
Rest as much as possible.
Drink lots of fluid (water, drinks
with electrolytes) for extra
hydration.
Take paracetamol to relieve pain or
control fever.
For a severe condition, the patients
need to seek hospitalization and
may require blood transfusion or
intravenous fluid supplementation.
Prevention
• One of the valid dengue reasons includes waterlogging. These
mosquitoes typically lay eggs and breed in clean stagnant water.
Therefore, get rid of all nearby standing water sources. Also,
change the water of flower vases daily.
• Try to stay at well-screened houses and keep all the doors and
windows shut especially during dawn, dusk and night as well. The
Aedes mosquitoes can bite during both daytime and night too.
• Use mosquito repellents containing at least 10 percent
concentration of DEET throughout the day. Also, use mosquito
nets while sleeping.
• Wear long-sleeved pants, shirts etc. when you have to travel to
mosquito-infested areas.
• Daily remove the garbage and waste and keep your surroundings
clean.
Chikungunya

• Chikungunya is a mosquito-
borne viral disease caused
by the chikungunya virus
(CHIKV), an RNA virus in the
alphavirus genus of the
family Togaviridae. The
name chikungunya derives
from a word in the
Kimakonde language,
meaning “to become
contorted”.
Transmissio
n
• Chikungunya virus is transmitted by
mosquitoes, most commonly Aedes (Stegomyia)
aegypti and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus, which
can also transmit dengue and Zika viruses.
These mosquitoes bite primarily during
daylight hours. They lay eggs in containers with
standing water. Both species feed outdoors,
and Ae. aegypti also feeds indoors.
• When an uninfected mosquito feeds on a
person who has CHIKV circulating in their
blood, the mosquito can ingest the virus. The
virus then replicates in the mosquito over
several days, gets to its salivary glands, and can
be transmitted into a new human host when
the mosquito bites them. The virus again
begins to replicate in this newly infected person
and reaches high concentrations in their blood,
at which point they can further infect other
mosquitoes and perpetuate the transmission
cycle.
Symptoms
• In symptomatic patients, CHIKV disease
onset is typically 4–8 days (range 2–12
days) after the bite of an infected
mosquito. It is characterized by an
abrupt onset of fever, frequently
accompanied by severe joint pain. The
joint pain is often debilitating and
usually lasts for a few days but may be
prolonged, lasting for weeks, months or
even years. Other common signs and
symptoms include joint swelling, muscle
pain, headache, nausea, fatigue and
rash. Since these symptoms overlap
with other infections, including those
with dengue and Zika viruses, cases can
be misdiagnosed. In the absence of
significant joint pain, symptoms in
infected individuals are usually mild and
the infection may go unrecognized.
Prevention
• Prevention and control relies heavily on reducing
the number of natural and artificial water-filled
container habitats that support breeding of the
mosquitoes. This requires mobilization of
affected communities. During outbreaks,
insecticides may be sprayed to kill flying
mosquitoes, applied to surfaces in and around
containers where the mosquitoes land, and used
to treat water in containers to kill the immature
larvae.

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