BASKETBALL

BASKETBALL:
HISTORY, FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT
HISTORY
• Basketball was invented by Dr. James Naismith in 1891 in
Springfield, Massachusetts.

• Dr. Naismith was a college professor who wanted to create

a game that his physical education classes could play inside
during the long winters.
• The first games used peached baskets nailed to the wall for
rims. The first ball used was the soccer ball.

• In 1893, he replaced the peach basket with iron hoops and a

hammock-style basket.
The Game
Basketball Game
-basketball is played by 2 teams consist of 5 players.
Basket: Opponent/own
-attacked by a team is the opponents basket and the basket
which is defended by a team’s own basket.
Winner of a game
-team that has scored the greater number of points at the
end of the playing time shall be the winner.
FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT

The only essential equipment in basketball is the court.The court is a flat, hard surface free from
obstructions, 28m long and 15m wide, measured from the inner edge of the boundary line. The
backcourt is the team's own basket, inbounds part of the backboard and the part of the playing court
limited by their own end line, side lines and center line.
Backboard and Basket
A regulation basketball court in international games is
28 by 15 meters (approx., 92 by 49 ft) and in the NBA
is
94 by 50 feet ( 29 by 15m). Most of the courts are
made
of wood. A steel basket with net and backboard hang
over each end of the court. At almost all levels of
competition, the top of the rim is exactly 10 feet(3.05m)
above the court and 4 feet (1.2 m) inside the baseline.
The basketball is the only piece of equipment
necessary to play the game of basketball.
During the game, the ball must be bounced
continuously (dribbling), thrown through the air
to other players (passing) or thrown towards the
basket (shooting).
• The ring is a piece of basketball equipment in the form of a circular metal ring that supports
the net.
• The Game Clock is used for timing periods of play and the intervals between them.
• Time-Out Watch- a stopwatch is used for timing time-outs
• 30-Second Device- the device shall be automatic, digital count down type, indicating the time
in seconds. The signal of the device should automatically sound with a very loud signal when it
reaches “zero”.
• Score sheet- is used by the official scorer for recording games.
• Play foul Marker- is used for indicating the number of fouls committed by a player. For game
played in four periods of 12 minutes they shall be numbered 1-6 (1-5 in black, 6 in red).
• Ring and Back Board- both team foul markers shall be red, and they shall be positioned on
the scorer’s table when a team has reached the penalty status.
• Team Foul Indicators- are suitable devices to indicate the number of team fouls. The device
shall stop the number of team fouls ( 8 for games of 2x20 minutes and 5 for games of 4x 12
minutes) to indicate that a team has reached the penalty status.
Scoreboard- shall indicate the time remaining in a period as prescribed by the game clock. It
shall also indicate the points scored and the number of time-outs taken by each team, the fouls
submitted by each player on the teams, and the number of tea fouls from 1 to 8 for games played
in 2x20 minutes and from 1 to 5 for games played in 4x12 minutes.

The Referee- A referee is commonly known as “ref.”. They are the authority who is responsible
for running a basketball match from a neutral point of view. They keep a close eye on the game
and make sure that the players are following the rules. Moreover, they have thorough knowledge
about basketball and are in charge of the game.
The team
Each team shall consist of:
  Not more than (12) team members entitled to play, including captain.
  A coach , and if a team wishes , an assistant coach
  A maximum of (5) team followers with special responsibilities.
 Five (5) players from each team shall be on the playing court during playing time and mayba
substituted.
 Players shall not wear equipment or (objects) that may cause injury to other players.
Player’s Positions and Roles

In a typical game of basketball, there are usually

five players on each team on the court, and each
player has their roles and responsibilities.

Traditionally, players who filled this position would

solely stick to their role and focus on their task, but
basketball has advanced a lot since then and every
player these days are required to play two or more
positions at one
time.
1.) THE CENTER- On the offensive play, most centres do not consistently score midrange or
beyond the arch. Instead, most of their points should be from offensive rebounds and are also
required to block defenders to open other players up for driving to the basket. On the defence,
the centre is responsible for keeping the opponent from shooting by blocking shots and passes in
the vital area. They’re also expected to fight for rebounds as they’re usually taller
physically.
2.) POWER FORWARD- Power Forwards are usually the second tallest in the team and are the
closest to the centre in terms of physical attributes and playing style but with more speed. They
are often the most versatile player, being able to score in the paint as well as being able to shoot
from midrange. It will be more effective if they’re able to land a three-point consistently.
Defensively, they are required to have the strength to guard bigger players close to the
basket.
3.) SMALL FORWARD- Is usually the shorter of the two forwards on the team but plays the most
versatile role out of the main five positions. He must have enough height and the ability to play on the
inside as well as agility to play on the outside, similar to a shooting guard. Small Forwards are usually
the second or third best shooters on the team and should be able to do a little bit of everything on the
court.
4.) SHOOTING GUARD- Potentially the shortest player on the team, the Shooting Guard is the team’s
best outside shooter. Besides being able to shoot well, the Shooting Guard needs to be good at
dribbling fast, passing and having court vision by seeing the court. He is also responsible for driving
the ball down the court and setting up offensive plays. A good Shooting Guard will be a threat to his
opponent as he’s able to score from anywhere on the court.
5.) POINT GUARD - is usually the shortest but the best ball handler on the team. Also known as the
‘coach on the floor’ or the ‘floor general’, a point guard is responsible for directing plays. He needs to
have good court vision to create open shots for the receivers as well as drive the ball down the court
and initiate offensive plays. Point Guards need to have an excellent long-distance shooting, though it’s
not quite as crucial as for shooting guards, some point guards take as
many shots as shooting guards.
 FOULS AND VIOLATION
Personal fouls: Personal fouls include any type of illegal physical contact.

1. Reaching in. When a defender tries to steal the ball but makes illegal contact with the
offensive.
2. Blocking. When a defender moves into the path of an offensive player without establishing
position, causing illegal contact.
3. Charging. Occurs when an offensive player runs into a defender who has established position
and is stationary.
4. Pushing. When a player uses their hands or body to push an opponent away.
5. Holding. When a player grabs an opponent’s body, jersey, or arm, restricting their movement.
6.Shooting foul. When a defender makes illegal contact with a player while they are attempting
a shot. This can result in free throws if the short doesn’t go in.
7. Hack. Refers to when a defender slaps or strikes the arm of the player attempting to shoot,
often referred to as “Hack-a-Shaq” when done intentionally.
8. Illegal Screen. When a player sets a pick but does not remain stationary, or they move into a
defender, causing illegal contact.
9. Elbowing. When a player uses their elbow in a way that makes illegal contact with an
opponent.
10. Over-the-back. Committed when a player jumps to rebound and makes illegal contact with
an opponent, usually by going over their back to grab the ball.
 VIOLATIONS

1. Traveling. Moving one’s pivot foot without dribbling or taking too many steps without dribbling.
2. Carrying (or palming). When a player dribbles the ball with his hand too far to the side of or,
sometimes, even under the ball.
3. Double Dribble. Dribbling the ball with both hands on the ball at the same time or picking up
the dribble and then dribbling again is a double dribble.
4. Goal tending. Blocking a shot on its way down toward the basket or when it’s directly above
the rim.
5.3-seconds Violation. A player cannot stand in the key (paint area) for more than 3 seconds if
their team is in possesion of the ball.
6. 5-seconds Violation. The player holding the ball must pass, shoot, or dribble within 5 seconds
when closely guarded.
7. 8-seconds Violations. The offensive team has 8 seconds to advance the ball past half-court
after gaining possesion.
8. Backcourt violation. Once the offense has brought the ball across the mid-court line, they
cannot go back across the line during possession. If they do, the ball is awarded to the other
team to pass inbounds.
9. Foul. Commiting personal fouls such as pushing, holding, or blocking an opponent illegally.
10. Lane Violation. During free throws, players cannot enter the key until the ball has hit the rim.
• BASIC SKILLS

BASIC SKILLS
1. Passing
2. Dribbling
 Dribbling
3. Shooting
 Shooting
4. Blocking
 Passing
5. Rebounding
 Blocking
 Rebounding
1. Passing
- good passing is necessary to maintain positions of the ball and the quickest way
to move the ball to an affective offense in accuracy in passing.
Types of Passing:
• Chest Pass
• Bounce Pass
• Overhead Pass
2. Dribbling
-is a movement of the ball, caused by a player in control, who throws or taps the
ball to the floor.
• Is the skill of controlling the ball as you bounce it to the floor.
Types of Dribbling:
 High and Low bounce
 Crossover
 Between the legs
 Behind the back
3. Shooting
-the primary purpose of the game is to score goals. The effectiveness of a player is
to be able to shoot a variety of shots from varying distances.
Types of Shooting:
• Shooting
• Slam dunk
• Two-points shot
• Three-points shot
4. Blocking
-it occurs when the offensive player shoots
and the defender swats the ball away.
Blocking its trajectory to the basket and
preventing any points from being scored.
5. Rebounding
-is a vital component of the game as it allows the team that has missed a shot to
have another opportunity to score. The possession of the ball changes after a
successful shot or rebound.
Types of rebound:
• Defensive rebound
• Offensive rebound