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2 - 5 SafeInternetUse CAT

The document provides guidelines for safe internet use, detailing various types of malware such as viruses, worms, and Trojans, along with prevention strategies. It emphasizes the importance of using anti-virus software, being cautious with email and downloads, and maintaining good password practices. Additionally, it highlights the risks of phishing, pharming, and online interactions, urging users to stay informed and vigilant.

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Shaniece Kubie
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16 views27 pages

2 - 5 SafeInternetUse CAT

The document provides guidelines for safe internet use, detailing various types of malware such as viruses, worms, and Trojans, along with prevention strategies. It emphasizes the importance of using anti-virus software, being cautious with email and downloads, and maintaining good password practices. Additionally, it highlights the risks of phishing, pharming, and online interactions, urging users to stay informed and vigilant.

Uploaded by

Shaniece Kubie
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 27

Module 2.

5
Safe internet use
• What comes to mind when you hear safe
internet use ?
• What do you think safe internet use topic is
about?

2
CONTENT
• Viruses
• Computer worms
• Trojans
• Spam
• Hoaxes and scams
• Phishing
• Pharming
• Email spoofing
•Guidelines for using the inter 3
COMPUTER VIRUSES

• Software that disrupts normal functioning of a computer


• Loaded on computer without knowledge or consent of user
• Designed to create and exploit security loopholes
• Try to reproduce and spread to other computers
• Do not attack hardware – but software that manages and
controls hardware
• What do you think malware is?
• What is the difference between
hardware and software? 4
How does a virus spread?
Infected …

files on
email internet files shared
portable
attachments downloads on network
media

Most viruses activate when you run or open the infected file
5
How do I know if I have a virus?

• Files suddenly start disappearing


• The computer slows down a lot
• Programs stop working properly
• Free space on the computer suddenly reduced greatly
• Error messages not seen before start appearing
• Computer no longer boots up
• Anti-virus software reports presence or threat of a virus

6
Virus prevention
Anti-virus software can be configured to:
• warn you of the presence of a virus on your computer
• automatically delete any virus it detects
• quarantine a virus

The pattern that uniquely


identifies a virus is called a virus
signature or definition.

7
Virus prevention
Prevent viruses by:
• installing an anti-virus program
• keeping your anti-virus software and
definitions (signatures) up to date
• scanning files stored on portable media
(e.g. flash drives) before using them
• scanning email attachments and
downloaded files before opening them

8
Virus prevention
Prevent viruses by (cont.):
• setting your anti-virus software to scan incoming and
outgoing email
• avoiding pirated software – malware is often packaged
with such software
• not running programs obtained from untrusted sources

9
Virus prevention
Prevent viruses by (cont.):
• disabling the autorun feature for flash drives

10
COMPUTER WORMS

Malware that is able to distribute itself over


a network, normally via email, without a
person running an infected program

• Can reproduce itself many times – computer could send out


hundreds of worms with devastating effect
• Can cause computer to run very slowly and even crash

Prevention: Install anti-virus software on the computer (keep


it updated!) and do not open unrecognized / suspicious emails

Malware (malicious software)- software with bad intentions


Adware( a type of malware)- causes advertisements to keep
popping up 11
TROJANS

• Destructive program disguised as a useful application


• Seems to be legitimate software
• Deletes files on your computer, or scans it for personal
information to send to person who created the Trojan
• Do not reproduce themselves or infect other files
• They rely on someone to activate them

Prevention: Do not open attachments or run any programs


unless you are quite sure it is safe to do so
12
SPAM

Email advertisements sent to you that you did not request ‘junk
mail’

13
Prevention tips for spam

• Be careful who you give your


email address to

• Check if your ISP can help –


many ISP’s filter out spam

• Investigate capabilities of your


email program

14
Prevention tips for spam (cont.)
• Some anti-virus programs include anti-spam software
• Mailwasher: specialised utility to filter out spam
• Never respond to spam – just confirms a valid email address

15
HOAXES AND SCAMS
Internet hoax is an email message or article
intended to deceive or defraud others
Scams include get-rich-quick
schemes

16
How to protect yourself from these

• Never accept information at face value


• Always check source of information
• Often just a rumour – not based on fact
• Just delete it – warn sender about the hoax
• Be aware of virus hoaxes that encourage you to delete
important files from your computer
• Many websites investigate hoaxes and publish their
results – visit these sites to check validity of messages

17
PHISHING

Conning users into giving


out personal and
confidential details such
as PIN numbers and
passwords by posing as a
legitimate organisation,
(often a bank), usually via
email.
SMiShing is when
phishing is done via
SMS on a smartphone.
Short for SMS phishing 18
Prevention tips for phishing

• Do not respond to email requests to confirm details like


bank account numbers, PINs and passwords
• Type in the URL of bank websites etc. directly – do not click
on a link in an email to go to these sites
• Check that site is secure

Secure site: https:// and not http://

19
PHARMING

• User is automatically redirected to another (fake)


website even if he/she types in the correct URL for
the official website

• Criminal is able to use any data the user enters –


usually passwords and PINs

20
Prevention tips for pharming

• Ensure you have up-to-date anti-spyware software installed


• Many sites requiring secure information will warn you if you
are redirected to another site – heed these warnings
• Ensure that the site you are accessing is secure

Spyware: programs with bad intentions (malware) that


try to monitor and record how you use your computer

21
EMAIL SPOOFING

• The changing of an email header (addressing part of the


email) so that the email appears to come from a
different source
• Used in spam and phishing emails to disguise their
origin – make the email seem more believable

spoofing
22
Guidelines for using the internet
safely
General Guidelines

• Keep operating system up to date


• Keep anti-virus software definitions up to date
• Be careful when installing software from the internet
• Do not click on links in pop-ups
• Be careful when opening attachments or programs –
especially internet downloads
• Have good password policies
• Stay informed – keep abreast of news and tips
• Don’t be gullible
23
Guidelines for using the internet
safely
Good password policies
• Don’t use personal information as a password
• At least 8 characters long
• Mixture of letters (upper and lower case), numbers and
special symbols, e.g. S1T&pl&fg7
• Use different passwords for different accounts
• Change passwords them from time to time
• Don’t write passwords down – remember them
• Don’t give your passwords out!
24
Guidelines for using the internet
safely
Interacting with others online – best practices

• Do not give out personal details online


• Do not make arrangements to meet in person with
someone you met online
• If someone makes you feel uncomfortable,
discontinue the conversation and inform an adult
• Remember – no posting on a social networking site
can be regarded as private

25
Guidelines for using the internet
safely
Interacting with others online (cont.)

• It is acceptable to ignore friend requests from


strangers on social networking sites

• Be suspicious of someone who is just too ‘perfect’

• Consider turning off the geotagging function on your


mobile device – to keep your location secret

26
TEST AND IMPROVE
Summary – concepts, terms and tips

Computer
Malware Virus
worm

Trojan Phishing Pharming

Email Hoaxes
Spam
spoofing and scams

27

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