SCHOOL OF

ELECTRONICS
TOPI

MOBILE
C-

SUBMITTED
NITIN RAJPUT
BY
24ECN04
OS SUBMITTED
DR. KIRTI P.
TO
BHATI
M.SC. (ECN) 2ND
MOBILE
OS
A mobile operating system is the software
which allow smartphone, smartwatch,
tablets and other devices to run application
and program.
Also we can say that an operating system
connects hardware to the user

The purpose of Mobile OS is to manages

hardware and software resource providers a
user interface and enable app development
 FEATUR
ES OF
MOBILE
01 User interface The user interface is how a
(UI) person interacts with their

OS
mobile device. Most mobile OSs
support touchscreens, allowing
users to navigate through
gestures like swiping, tapping,
and pinching. 03 MULTITASKING This feature lets you use multiple apps at
the same time. For example, you can
listen to music while chatting or checking
emails. The OS manages resources so all
02 SECURITY Mobile OSs ensure your data and apps run smoothly without slowing down
device are safe. They do this by
your phone.
keeping apps separate
(sandboxing), encrypting data to
protect it, and offering features
APP ECOSYSTEM Mobile OSs provide app stores, such as the
like fingerprint scanning or face 04 Google Play Store for Android and the App Store
recognition to lock and unlock for iOS, where users can download, update, and
devices securely.
safely install a wide variety of applications for
different purposes like gaming, education, or
social networking.
TYPES OF
MOBILE OS
ANDROID OS

IOS OS

WINDOWS MOBILE
OS
BLACKBERRY OS
ANDROID OS
Developer Google
-Launch year 2008
-
Android is designed by Google for the touch screen devices. Android is the
world's most popular mobile operating system, used in the billions of devices ranging
from phones to watches, tablets, TVs, and more. The Open Handset Alliance (OHA)
has played an important role in the overall development of the Android OS. The
members of OHA are the mobile handset, chip, Network operators, Software
developers, Component manufacturers, and some other mobile carriers. The OS
contains a Linux-based Operating System (OS), middleware, and critical mobile
applications
FEATURES OF
ANDROID OS
• Android OS allows the customization of the android phone such as
transferring the contacts, installing widgets, downloading the wallpapers etc.
• Open source and Highly customizable by manufacturers and developers.
• Extensive hardware compatibility available on a wide range of devices from
budget to flagship smartphones and tablets.
• Regular security updates, sandboxing, and Google Play Protect.
• Connectivity: Supports 5G, Wi-Fi 6, Bluetooth 5.2, and NFC.
 Application

Android Android Application

Runtime Framework
Architecture

Platform Linux
Libraries Kernal
ARCHITECTURE OF
ANDROID
• Linux Kernel-
OS
-Monolithic kernel for core system functions (memory, process, drivers).
-Modular design for hardware abstraction.
• Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL):
-Standard interface for hardware components (camera, sensors, audio).
-Android Runtime (ART):
• Executes apps using ahead-of-time (AOT) compilation.
-Libraries and Frameworks:
-Includes SQLite, OpenGL, and system frameworks (Activity Manager,
Content Providers).
APPLICATI
ONS - like home, contacts, camera, gallery etc and third party applications
Applications is the top layer of android architecture. The pre-installed
applications
downloaded from the play store like chat applications, games etc. will be
installed on this layer only. It runs within the Android run time with the help of
the classes and services provided by the application framework.

Home Contact

Application

Gallery Calendar
APPLICATION
FRAMEWORK -
Application Framework provides several important classes which are used to
create an Android application. It provides a generic abstraction for hardware
access and also helps in managing the user interface with application resources.
Generally, it provides the services with the help of which we can create a
particular class and make that class helpful for the Applications creation. It
includes different types of services activity manager, notification manager, view
system, package manager etc. which are helpful for the development of our
application according to the prerequisite.
Window Notification
Manager Manager
Application
Framework
Content View
Provider System
APPLICATION
Android Runtime environment is one of the most important part of Android. It
RUNNING
contains components like core libraries and the Dalvik virtual machine(DVM).
Mainly, it provides the base for the application framework and powers our
application with the help of the core libraries. Like Java Virtual Machine (JVM),
Dalvik Virtual Machine (DVM) is a register-based virtual machine and specially
designed and optimized for android to ensure that a device can run multiple
instances efficiently. It depends on the layer Linux kernel for threading and low-
level memory management. The core libraries enable us to implement android
applications using the standard JAVA or Kotlin programming languages.

Dalvik VM
Application Core
Framework libraries
Zygote
PLATFORM
The Platform Libraries includes various C/C++ core libraries and Java based
LIBRARIES
libraries such as Media, Graphics, Surface Manager, OpenGL etc. to provide a
support for android development.

Graphics SQLite Media

Platform
Libraries
Free
Open GL SSL
Type
LINUX KERNEL
Linux Kernel is heart of the android architecture. It manages all the available
drivers such as display drivers, camera drivers, Bluetooth drivers, audio drivers,
memory drivers, etc. which are required during the runtime. The Linux Kernel
will provide an abstraction layer between the device hardware and the other
components of android architecture. It is responsible for management of
memory, power, devices etc
Wifi Display
Driver Driver
Linux Audio USB
Kernel Driver Driver

Camera Bluetooth
Driver Driver
IOS
Developer :- Apple

OS
Launch year :-
2007
Apple iOS stands for iPhone operating system and is designed for use with
Apple's multitouch devices. The mobile OS supports input through direct
manipulation and responds to various user gestures, such as pinching, tapping
and swiping. The iOS developer kit provides tools that allow for iOS app
development.
FEATURES OF IOS
OPERATING SYSTEM
• It is Highly Securer than other operating systems.
• iOS provides the facility of multitasking like while working in one application
we can switch to another application easily.
• The user interface of iOS’s includes multiple gestures like swipe, tap, pinch,
Reverse pinch.
• iBooks, iStore, iTunes, Game Center, and Email are user-friendly.
• It provides Safari as a default Web Browser.
• It has powerful API and Camera.
• It has deep hardware and software integration.
ARCHITECTURE OF
IOS OSdirectly. The layers between the Application Layer and the
The structure of the iOS operating system is Layered based. Its communication
doesn’t occur
Hardware layer will help with Communication

COCOA TOUCH (APPLICATION LAYER)

MEDIA PLAYER

CORE SERVICES

CORE OS
CORE OS LAYER
All the IOS technologies are built under the lowest level layer known as Core OS
layer. These technologies include:
• Core Bluetooth Framework
• External Accessories Framework
• Accelerate Framework
• Security Services Framework
• Local Authorization Framework etc
CORE SERVICE
LAYER
Some important frameworks are present in the CORE SERVICES Layer which
helps the iOS operating system to cure itself and provide better functionality. It is
the 2nd lowest layer in the Architecture. Below are some important frameworks
present in this layer:
-> Address book
-> Cloud kit
-> Core foundation
-> Core motion
-> Health kit
-> Home kit
-> Social
-> Storekit
 IOS

MEDIA LAYER
By taking the media layer’s help, we will enable all graphics video, and audio
technology of the system. This is the second layer in the architecture. The
different frameworks of MEDIA layers are:

• ULKit Graphics: Provides support for designing images and animating the view
content.
• Core Graphics Framework: Support 2D vector and image-based rendering and it is
a native drawing engine for iOS.
• Core Animation: Provides the optimum animation experience of the apps in iOS.
• Media Player Framework: Supports the playing of the playlist. It enables the user to
use their iTunes library.
• AV Kit: Offers a number of easy-to-use interfaces for video presentation and
recording, and even playback of audio and video.
• Open AL: This framework is also an Industry Standard Technology for Audio
provision.
COCOA TOUCH
COCOA Touch is also known as the application layer which acts as an interface for
the user to work with the iOS Operating system. It supports touch and motion
events and many more features. The COCOA TOUCH layer provides the following
frameworks:
• EvenKit Framework: This framework shows a standard system interface using
view controllers for viewing and changing events.
• GameKit Framework: This framework even allows users to share game related
data online via a Game Center.
• MapKit Framework: This framework provides a scrollable map that may be
inserted into the user interface of the app.
• PushKit Framework: This framework provides for registration.
 WINDOWS
MOBILE OS
Developer-> Microsoft
Launch year-> 2010
Discontinued in-> 2017
Windows Mobile Os was a family of mobile operating systems offering a user
experience similar to the desktop version of Windows. It featured elements like the
Start Menu, File Explorer and support for Microsoft Office applications targeting
business professionals and enterprise users. It provided tools for synchronization
and productivity. However it was eventually discontinued and replaced by Windows
Phone in 2010, which later evolved into Windows 10 Mobile. Microsoft has since
exited the mobile OS market.
FEATURES WINDOWS
MOBILE OS
• Resembled the desktop Windows OS with features like the Start Menu, Taskbar,
and File Explorer.
• Supported mobile versions of Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and Outlook.
• Access to the Windows Store for downloading apps, though the ecosystem was
smaller compared to iOS and Android.
• Allowed seamless synchronization of emails, contacts, calendars, and tasks with
Microsoft Exchange Server or Windows PCs.
• Early versions relied on stylus input, but later versions (like Windows Phone)
introduced touch-friendly interfaces with gestures and swipes.
• Introduced in Windows Phone 7, Live Tiles provided real-time updates and
dynamic content on the home screen.
• Enabled phones to connect to external displays, keyboards, and mice, turning
them into a PC-like experience.
ARCHITECTURE OF
WINDOWS MOBILE OS
APPLICATION FRAMEWORK LAYER

SYSTEM SERVICE LAYER

KERNEL LAYER

HARDWARE ABSTRACTION LAYER

HARDWARE
• Role - It acts as an interface between the hardware (memory, storage, sensors,
ABSTRACTION LAYER
etc.) and the operating system.
• Function: Abstracts hardware-specific details, allowing the OS to work
(HAL)
seamlessly across different devices with varying hardware configurations.

KERNEL
• Role - The core of the operating system, responsible for managing system
LAYER
resources and hardware communication.
• Function -
⚬ Windows Mobile: Used the Windows CE kernel, which is lightweight and
designed for embedded systems.
⚬ Windows Phone/Windows 10 Mobile: Used the Windows NT kernel,
which is more advanced and supports modern hardware and multitasking.
⚬ Manages memory, processes, device drivers, and security features like
Secure Boot.
SYSTEM SERVICE LAYER
• It provides essential services and APIs for the OS and applications.
• Function:
⚬ Handles networking (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, cellular), file systems, and security (e.g.,
encryption, authentication).
⚬ Includes services like ActiveSync for email and calendar synchronization.
⚬ In Windows 10 Mobile, introduced Continuum for connecting phones to external
displays and peripherals.

APPLICATION FRAMEWORK
• It handles the interaction between the user and the device.
LAYER
• Function:
⚬ Windows Mobile: Featured a desktop-like interface with a Start Menu, Taskbar, and
File Explorer.
⚬ Windows Phone: Introduced the Metro UI with Live Tiles, offering a dynamic and
touch-friendly home screen.
⚬ Windows 10 Mobile: Used Fluent Design with modern visuals, animations, and
Continuum for a PC-like experience on phones.
BLACKBER
• End-to-End Encryption: Known for its strong encryption protocols, ensuring secure

RY OS
communication.
• BlackBerry Enterprise Server (BES): Provided enhanced security for corporate data,
including remote device management and data wiping.
• Introduced push email technology, allowing users to receive emails instantly without
manual refreshing.
• Supported true multitasking, allowing users to run multiple apps simultaneously without
performance degradation.
• Based on a customized kernel tailored for BlackBerry devices, ensuring efficient resource
allocation and performance.
• Wireless Synchronization: Enabled over-the-air (OTA) updates and synchronization
through carriers supporting OTASL (Over The Air Software Loading).
• Java-Based: Built on Java Micro Edition (JME), specifically the Mobile Information Device
Profile (MIDP) and Connected Limited Device Configuration (CLDC).
HERE ARE FEW OTHER
• HarmonyOS / HarmonyOS NEXT
OPRATING SYSTEM
•
•
KaiOS
watchOS
• Tizen
• Wear OS
• Symbian OS
SOURCE :-
• GEEKS FOR GEEKS
• REASERCHGATE
• EGYANCOURSE
• RESEARCH PUBLIC JOURNAL
THANK
YOU