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Four Subsystems of Earth

The document explains that Earth consists of four major subsystems: the atmosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere, each interacting with one another to facilitate various processes. It details the characteristics and components of each subsystem, including the layers of the atmosphere and geosphere, as well as the composition of the hydrosphere and biosphere. The lesson aims to help students understand the flow of matter and energy across these subsystems and their interdependencies.

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107 views26 pages

Four Subsystems of Earth

The document explains that Earth consists of four major subsystems: the atmosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere, each interacting with one another to facilitate various processes. It details the characteristics and components of each subsystem, including the layers of the atmosphere and geosphere, as well as the composition of the hydrosphere and biosphere. The lesson aims to help students understand the flow of matter and energy across these subsystems and their interdependencies.

Uploaded by

shifukugenjitsu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Four Subsystems of Earth

Learning Competency

At the end of this lesson, the given DepEd learning


competency should be met by the students.

Explain that the Earth consists of four subsystems,


across whose boundaries matter and energy flow
(S11/12ES-Ia-e-4).
Learning Objectives

At the end of this lesson, the learner should be able


to do the following:

● Explain that the Earth consists of four


subsystems, across whose boundaries matter
and energy flow.

● Differentiate among these four subsystems of


Earth.
The word sphere comes from the Greek word sphaira, which means globe or ball. Each sphere is
composed of matter that are similar in nature, which is also the basis for their names
What makes each sphere unique?
Try it!
Warm-Up

Order Please!
1. You will be assigned with one of the roles.
a. cashier
b. kitchen crew 1 (receives the order)
c. kitchen crew 2 (prepares the food)
d. kitchen crew 3 (cleans the tables)
e. store manager (coordinates activities
and handles problems)
f. customers (all other students are
customers)
2. The class is given three minutes to plan
your demonstration.
Try it!
Warm-Up

Guide Questions:
1. Why are there roles for each employee in the
restaurant?

2. What do these roles tell you about a system?

3. How are these roles similar to the systems of


Earth?
Learn about it!

The Earth has four


major subsystems,
namely:

● The atmosphere,
● The geosphere,
● The hydrosphere,
and
● The biosphere.
Each subsystem interacts with the other
subsystems.

The interaction between these subsystems


makes many processes on Earth possible.
Identify the subsystem associated with that word.

○ ocean ○ nitrogen ○ mantle


○ river ○ animals ○ core
○ clouds ○ crust
○ oxygen plants
Learn about it!

The Atmosphere
● The atmosphere makes up of all the gases on Earth.

● The atmosphere has different layers: troposphere, stratosphere,


mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere.

● The most abundant gas is nitrogen, which makes up 78.1% of the


atmosphere. Oxygen comes second at 20.9%, and argon, a noble gas,
is at 0.9%. Lastly, carbon dioxide and the rest of the gases combined
constitute 0.1%
LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE

The troposphere is the lowest


layer where the weather
disturbances occur.
The stratosphere contains the
ozone layer that absorbs almost all of
the sun's harmful ultraviolet light.
The mesosphere protects Earth
from the impact of space debris.
The thermosphere has charged
particles that are affected by Earth’s
magnetic field.
The exosphere is the outermost
layer.
Learn about it!

The Geosphere
● Geosphere comes from
the Greek word geo
which means ground.

● It includes all the soil,


rocks, and minerals
present in the crust to
the core of Earth.
Internal structure of Earth
Learn about it!

Layers of the Geosphere


Crust
This is the outermost layer, and is solid.

Mantle
This is the middle layer, and its upper layer is more fluid than its lower layer. 2 900
km thick layer below the crust that is mostly made up of silicate rocks rich in
oxygen, magnesium, silicon, and iron. Mantle’s temperature increases with its depth

Core
This is the innermost layer, and its outer layer is liquid, while its inner layer is liquid.
radius of 3 480 km, is the innermost layer of Earth. It is made up of iron and nickel.
Learn about it!

The Hydrosphere
● It is composed of all water on Earth in any form: water vapor, liquid
water, and ice.

● It is comprised of 97.5% saltwater and 2.5% freshwater

● These are found almost everywhere on Earth, although the majority is


found in bodies of water.
Learn about it!

The hydrosphere consists of 97.5% saltwater.


Learn about it!

The Biosphere
● It includes all the organisms on Earth and their interrelations.
It includes all microbes, plants, and animals

● It extends to the upper areas of the atmosphere where insects


and birds can be found. It also reaches the deep parts of the
oceans where marine organisms can still survive.
Learn about it!

Biosphere consists of all living things including the microorganisms.


Process questions.
a. How does the atmosphere affect the other
subsystems?
b. Is life possible without the geosphere? Why?

c. How are the atmosphere and the hydrosphere


connected?
Key Points

● Atmosphere
includes the gases, and has five distinct layers.

● Geosphere
includes the ground, and has three distinct layers.

● Hydrosphere
includes all of the watery environments on the planet.

● Biosphere
includes all the planet’s living organisms that interact with each other.
Check Your Understanding
Match the item to the sphere where it belongs by checking the box under its field.

Atmosphere Geosphere Hydrosphere Biosphere


Eagle
Oxygen gas
Pasig River
Mayon Volcano
Mango
Laguna de Bay
Neon lights
Batanes Islands
Bacteria
Worksheet
• How is the biosphere dependent on the
other subsystems?
• What will happen if the atmosphere will be
gone in the subsystems of Earth? Explain.
• How do h
• What are ways that we can reduce the
impact on the four subsystems? Human
activities affect the subsystems?
Check Your Understanding

Identify the following.


1. It is how water moves in the oceans.
2. It is the combination of the crust and upper
mantle.
3. It is the process where water moves into the
atmosphere.
4. It is where water in the oceans is warmed.
5. It is the innermost layer of Earth’s interior.
Check Your Understanding

6. All living things are part of this sphere.

7. It is the layer of the atmosphere where weather occurs.


re
Bibliography

Botkin, Daniel B and Edward A Keller. 2011. Environmental Science Earth as a Living Planet. USA: John
Wiley and Sons, Inc.

Hefferan, Kevin and John O’Brien. 2010. Earth Materials. UK: Wiley-Blackwell.

Marshak, Stephen. 2009. Essentials of Geology 3rd Edition, New York: W.W. Norton & Company.

NASA. “International Cooperation.” Accessed April 3, 2018.


https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/cooperation/index.html.

NASA. “Astronaut Requirements.” Accessed April 3, 2018.


https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/postsecondary/features/F_Astronaut_Requirements.ht
ml
.

Prothero, Donald R and Robert H. Dott, Jr. 2010. Evolution of the Earth. New York: McGraw-Hill.

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