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10 Reliability Model

The document defines reliability as the probability that a component or system will perform its function over a specified time in its design environment. It discusses the main causes of failure, types of reliability models, and important aspects such as the failure rate and mean time between failures (MTBF). Additionally, it highlights methods for estimating and improving reliability, including life testing and redundancy in system design.

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4 views

10 Reliability Model

The document defines reliability as the probability that a component or system will perform its function over a specified time in its design environment. It discusses the main causes of failure, types of reliability models, and important aspects such as the failure rate and mean time between failures (MTBF). Additionally, it highlights methods for estimating and improving reliability, including life testing and redundancy in system design.

Uploaded by

mgzx9991
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Reliability Model

Dr. S. Somokanta Singh


somokanta@manipuruniv.ac.in
MIMS, Manipur University
Definition
• Reliability is defined as the probability that a component (or an entire
system) will perform its function for a specified period of time, when
operating in its design environment.
• Reliability is the time dependent probability of correct operation if we
assume that a component is used for its intended function in its
design environment and if we clearly define what we mean with
"failure".
• Reliability is the probability of a device performing its purpose
adequately for the period of time intended under the operating
conditions encountered
Reliability basics
• The period of regular operation of an equipment ends when any
chemical-physical phenomenon, said fault, occurred in one or more of
its parts, determines a variation of its nominal performances.
• This makes the behavior of the device unacceptable. The equipment
passes from the state of operation to that of non-functioning.
Main causes of failure
Failure cause Description

Function of the temporal and spatial distribution of the load conditions and of the response of the
material. The structural characteristics of the component play an important role, and should be
Stress, shock, fatigue
assessed in the broadest form as possible, incorporating also possible design errors, embodiments,
material defects, etc..

Operational variable that depends mainly on the specific characteristics of the material (thermal
Temperature
inertia), as well as the spatial and temporal distribution of heat sources.

State of physical degradation of the component; it manifests itself as a result of aging phenomena that
Wear
accompany the normal activities (friction between the materials, exposure to harmful agents, etc..)

Phenomenon that depends on the characteristics of the environment in which the component is
Corrosion operating. These conditions can lead to material degradation or chemical and physical processes that
make the component no longer suitable.
Types of Reliability model
• Reliability models can be divided into static and dynamic ones.
• Static models assume that a failure does not result in the occurrence
of other faults.
• Dynamic reliability, instead, assumes that some failures, so-called
primary failures, promote the emergence of secondary and tertiary
faults, with a cascading effect.
Important aspects of reliability
• Reliability is a function of time. We would not expect an almost worn
out light bulb to be as reliable as one recently put into service
• Reliability is a function of conditions of use. In very severe
environments we expect to encounter frequent system breakdowns
than in normal environment
• Reliability is expressed as a probability which helps us to quantify it
and think of optimizing system reliability.
Failure rate
• The failure rate is defined as the number of failures in a given time
interval, i.e.

• Where remains constant, i.e., the number of failures in equal time


intervals do not change, the probability of non-occurrence of failure,
over a time period of t years will be (1-which is equal to
Thus
(1-=
• Taking logarithm, this gives

• Differentiating w.r.t t, we get


= - = , a constant
• Reliability at any time t is given by

• Where
Bath-tub-Shaped Failure Rate
• The failure rate for most systems follow a typical “bath-tub” pattern
• It starts with a high failure rate during the initial period of operation
called the infant mortality on the debugging period
Bath-tub Shaped Hazard Function
(Failure Rate)
Hazard Rate

Infant Operating Wear Out


mortality period period
• The operating period following this period has essentially a constant
failure rate because failures during this period are typically due to
chance
• Upon reaching the workout period the failures tend to increase quite
rapidly
• Failures, in this interval, are result of gradual degradation of some
property of the system essential to proper operation.
• For the purpose of reliability analysis we can assume the failure rate
to be constant which characterizes an experimental reliability function
Instantaneous Failure Rate
• Hazard rate or instantaneous failure rate is given by

• Where and are the reliabilities at time and


• Again, , where denotes failure probability
distribution

• Where denotes the probability density function such that


Mean time between failures (MTBF)
• Suppose that an equipment or a system is in operation. Assume that
when the equipment fails it is repaired, the repair time being
negligible
• Then the average failure time is identical with the average time
between successive failures.
• This is referred to as mean time between failures (MTBF)
• The mean time between failures is related with reliability through the
simple equation as

• When the failure distribution is exponential,


• More is the more is the reliable is the device
Estimation of Reliability
• The reliability of a component is estimated by a procedure known as
Life Testing
• In this procedure a number of components are subjected to identical
operational conditions with respect to various physical characteristics.
• The time of failure of each component is recorded till the last one
fails.
• The reliability of the component at is estimated as , where

• The estimated failure rate is given by


Reliability Improvement
• System reliability can be improved either by improving the design or
by providing redundancy in the system (e.g. twin engine)
• The system with redundancy has a number of standby units which
take over if the other component of the system fails.
• Thus a reserve stock of standbys improves system’s reliability but at a
higher cost
• The compromise between increased cost due to standby arrangement
and increased reliability will help to decide the optimal redundancy in
the system
Example
• An electronic circuit consists of 15 valves, 20 resistors and 10
capacitors all connected in a series. The components in each category
are identical and their failure times are found to follow exponential
distribution with the following mean failure times:

Valves Resistors Capacitors


Mean failure time (hours) 10,000 20,000 20,000

• What is the mean time between failure of the system? What is its
reliability for 100 hours?
Source:
• https://www.intechopen.com/books/operations-management/
reliability-and-maintainability-in-operations-management

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