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Vijayanagar Empire & Bhamini Kingdom

The document outlines the history and structure of the Vijayanagar Empire (1336-1672) and the Bahmini Kingdom (1347), detailing the dynasties, notable rulers, and cultural achievements. Key figures include Krishnadevaraya, known for his military prowess and patronage of literature, and the administration of both kingdoms, which was well-organized yet faced challenges such as rivalry and social issues. The economic conditions were prosperous, with agriculture as the chief occupation, while the Bahmini Kingdom reached its peak under Mohammed Shah I, who shifted the capital and faced internal strife leading to its decline.

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9 views13 pages

Vijayanagar Empire & Bhamini Kingdom

The document outlines the history and structure of the Vijayanagar Empire (1336-1672) and the Bahmini Kingdom (1347), detailing the dynasties, notable rulers, and cultural achievements. Key figures include Krishnadevaraya, known for his military prowess and patronage of literature, and the administration of both kingdoms, which was well-organized yet faced challenges such as rivalry and social issues. The economic conditions were prosperous, with agriculture as the chief occupation, while the Bahmini Kingdom reached its peak under Mohammed Shah I, who shifted the capital and faced internal strife leading to its decline.

Uploaded by

Sathya
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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VIJAYANAGAR EMPIRE & BHAMINI

KINGDOM
VIJAYANAGAR KINGDOM (1336 – 1672)
• Comprises of 4 dynasties
1. Sangama Dynasty
2. Saluva Dynasty
3. Tuluva Dynasty
4. Aravidu Dynasty
• Sources to know about Vijayanagar Kingdom
1. Krishnadevaraya’s “Amukthamalyada”
2. Gangadevi’S “Maduravijayam”
3. Allasani pedanda’s “ Manicharitam”
• Foreign Travelers Visited VK
1. Ibn Battuta
2. Nicolo de Conti (Spoke about the existing slavery system
3. Abdur Razak
4. Domigo Paes
• Copper plate inscriptions of Devaraya 2 found in Srirangam provides information about
the achievements of Vijayanagar kingdom.
• This kingdom was founded in 1336 by Harihara and Bukka (Brothers of Sangama
Dynasty). Initially, the brothers served under the Kakatiya rulers of warrangal
• They were imprisoned in Kampli and converted to Muslims
• Later while they came to their own place, they were converted back to Hindu by the
Saint Vidyaranya
• Vijayanagar Kingdom is located in the south bank of the river Tungabhadra
• Decline of Hoysala kingdom paved the way for Harihara and Bhukara to capture that place
• There was always rival between Vijaya Nagar and Sultan of Madurai (This existed for almost
40 years)
• Vijayanagar Kingdom covers almost whole of south India up to Rameswaram
• Vijayanagar kingdom and Bahmini kingdom fought for the doab “Raichur doab” which is
between River Tungabhadra and Krishna and another doab which is between Godhawari and
Krishna Rivers
SANGAMA DYNASTY
• Important ruler – Devaraya 2
• After his death every rulers became weak and Sangama dynasty declined
SALUVA DYNASTY
• Founder – Saluva Narashimha
THULUVA DYNASTY
• Founder – Veera Narashimha
• Greatest ruler of Vijayanagar kingdom
• Famous king – Krishnadevaraya
KRISHNADEVARAYA
• He had great military ability and high intellectual quality
• First work – Check Bahmini forces and capture Raichur doab
• Maintained friendly relationship with Portuguese
• Albuquerque (Foreign Traveler) sent his ambassadors to krishnadevaraya
• He was a Vaishnavite but still respected all the religion
• He was a great patron of Literature and Art
• He was also called “Andhra Bhoja”
• He had 8 eminent scholars inside Krishnadevaraya’s court – This is called “Ashtadiggajas”
• Important Scholar – Allasani Peddana. He is considered as “Andhra Kavitha Pitamagan”
• Allasani’s writings,
i. Manucharitham
ii. Harikanthasaram
• Other important scholars
i. Pingali Surranna
ii. Tenali Ramakrishna
• KDR’s work
i. Amukthamalyadha (Telugu)
ii. Jambavati Kalyanam (Sanskrit)
iii. Usha Parinayam (Sanskrit)
• Repaired many temples. He also built Vittalaswamy temple and Hazara Ramaswamy temple
• Built new city – Nagalapuram (On the memory of his wife Queen Nagala Devi)
• KDR was succeeded by Acutadava then Venkata
• Battle of Talikota (1565) also called “Rakshasha Thangadi”
• Bahmini kingdom separated into independent kingdoms (Bijapur, Golkondom, Ahmen Bidar).
They together fought against Ramaraya and defeated him
ARAVIDU DYNASTY
• Ruled by Sriranga, Thirumala and Venkata 2
• Last Ruler – Sriranga 3
ADMINISTRATION UNDER VIJAYANAGAR KINGDOM:
• Well organized
• Executive, Judicial and Legislative powers where under King
• Succession – Heridetitory
• King was assisted by Council of Ministers for day to day activity
• Empire was divided into 4
i. Mandalas (Has Governors – Mandaleshwar/Nayak)
ii. Nadus
iii. Sthalas
iv. Grammas
• Land revenue - one-sixth of the production to be provided to the government
• Justice – Harsh punishment ( Includes Mutilation and throwing to the elephants)
• Top grade officers – Poligars or Nayaks
• Salary – land called “Amaram”
• Soldiers were paid Cash
• Allasani Peddana’s – Manuchitram (4 caste) – Brahmins, Satriyas, Vishnava and Sudras
• Slavery existed
• Borbosa – Religious Freedom
• Position of women did not improved
• Devadasi System, Polygamy and Sati were practiced
ECONOMIC CONDITION
• Wealthiest Kingdom
• Chief occupation – Agriculture
• Irrigation facilities
• Numerous industries
• Dimond mines
CULTURE
• Tall Raya gopurams or gateways and Kalyan mandapam pillars were prevalent
• Horse is the most prevalent animal in the pillar
• Amman shrines were added
• Popular temple – Hampi
• Other famous temples – Varatharaja and Ekamparathanatha
BAHMINI KINGDOM (1347)
• Founder – Allauddin Baman Shah (Hasan Gangu)
• Captial – Gulbarga
• 14 sultan’s ruled
• Important Sultans were
i. Alauddin Baman Shah
ii. Mohammed Shah 1
iii. Firoz Shah
• Ahmad Wali Shah – Shifted the Capital from Gulbarga to Bidar
• Reached its peak under M.Shah (Arabian sea to Bay of Bengal). His success was because of his minister
Mohammed Gawan
• Mohammed Gawan was a persion merchant
• M.Shah promoted Gawan as his CM
ADMINISTRATION
• Mohammed Gawan advised the king to reduce the allowances to the nobels
• Nobels killed MG owing to this
• 1526 – Deccan Sultans declared themselves independent from bhamini kingdom

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