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Units 9

The document provides an overview of various materials including glass, plastic, asphalt, bitumen, tar, and geosynthetics, detailing their types, properties, uses, and importance in construction. It also covers gypsum products and composite materials, along with model questions for an NEC exam related to these topics. Each material is described with its specific characteristics and applications in engineering and construction.

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2 views36 pages

Units 9

The document provides an overview of various materials including glass, plastic, asphalt, bitumen, tar, and geosynthetics, detailing their types, properties, uses, and importance in construction. It also covers gypsum products and composite materials, along with model questions for an NEC exam related to these topics. Each material is described with its specific characteristics and applications in engineering and construction.

Uploaded by

ashokbishwokarma21
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 9 Geosynthetics, Asphalt,

Bitumen, Tar and Miscellaneous


Material
GLASS
Glass is an amorphous , inorganic, homogenous,
transparent or translucent material.
Types of glass
• Soda-lime glass : Na2O . CaO . 6SiO2
• Potash-lime glass : K2O . CaO . 6SiO2
• Potash-lead glass : K2O . PbO . 6SiO2

• Special varieties of glass :


1. Bullet proof glass
2. Fiber glass
3. Foam glass
4. Glass blocks
5. Obscured glass
6. Safety glass
7. Soluble glass
8. Optical glass
9. Wired glass
Uses of glass
• To make laboratory apparatus.
• To make optical instruments.
• Decorative articles.
• Spectacles, lenses.
• Windows, doors, ventilators.
• Prisms
• Medicine bottles.
• Glass bricks.
• Combustion tubes.
• Cooking utensils.
• Panel walls, partition walls.
• Electrical appliances, bulbs, tubes.
Properties of glass
• Available in varieties of colours.
• No effect of air and water.
• Resistance to chemicals.
• Can not deform.
• Hard.
• Affected by alkalies.
• No sharp melting point.

Importance of glass
• Glass blocks cut off the glare but it admits sunlight and
controls sound and heat in a better way.
• Missile contains thousands of glass items.
Solar Roof Panel
PLASTIC
The plastic is an organic substance and it
consists of natural or synthetic binders or
resins with or without moulding compounds.
Requirements of plastics
• Provide good heat resistance.
• Their colours should not be faded easily.
• Possess good strength.
• Their shape and size should not be distorted
easily. Uses of plastics
• Durable with good resistance to cracks and breaks.
They are used to make-
• Furniture like sofa, table, chair, etc.
• Optical lenses, spectacles, frames.
• Handles of tools, cases of machines, covers.
• Waterproof doors, bags.
• Sanitary fittings like taps, pipes, valves, etc.
Types of plastic
 Thermo plastic :
• Linear or chain structure.
• They are used for toys, electric insulators, pipes, valves, fan
blades, etc.
• Acrylic, P.V.C., polystyrene, polyethylene, nylons, etc. are
thermoplastic.

 Thermosetting plastic :
• Cross linked or network structure.
• Telephone receivers, switches, plugs, adhesives, foams, etc.
are made from thermosetting plastics.
• Bakelite, polyesters , malamines, etc. are thermosetting
plastics.
Properties of plastic
• Light in weight.
• Absorb shocks.
• Free from corrosion.
• Low thermal and electrical conductivity.
Importance of plastic
• Plastic
doors on external walls and in bath w.c. are not
affected by water and are easily openable.
• Decorative and light weight furnitures are easy to clean
and rearrange in buildings.
Engineering Use of Plastic
Asphalt, Bitumen and Tar
Bitumen, asphalt and tar are termed as
bituminous materials.

Asphalt: It is a natural or artificial mixture in


which bitumen is associated with inert mineral
matter. It is black and brownish color.
Types of Asphalt
 Natural Asphalt
 Residual or petroleum or artificial asphalt
 Forms of Asphalt
• Cutback asphalt
• Mastic asphalt
• Asphaltic Cement
• Asphaltic Emulsion
Properties of Asphalt
• It is sticky or adhesive and binds strongly as
cement.
• It is black brownish in color
• They are semi solid state
• It is water proof
• Elastic in nature
• Ductile, good conductor of heat and electricity
• Soluble in varying degree.
Uses of Asphalt
• Used for DPC
• Use for lining walls of tanks, swimming pools, etc
• Used for flooring purpose & for preparing paints
• Used for roadway construction
• Used for preparing useful electric insulating materials
Asphalt, Bitumen and Tar
Bitumen: It may be define as a solid or semi
solid black, sticky, ductile substance, obtained
as an important by product from the fractional
distillation of crude petroleum.
Types of Bitumen
 Bitumen Emulsion
 Blown Bitumen
 Cutback Bitumen
 Straight run Bitumen
 Plastic Bitumen
 Modified Bitumen
Properties of Bitumen
• Semi Solid, black, sticky
• Carbon 87 % hydrogen 11% and oxygen 2%
• Soft at 300C to 1000C
• Sp gravity 1.09
• Complete soluble in carbon disulphide
• Affected by oil
Uses of Bitumen
• DPC
• Roadway construction
• Paint, roofing felt
• Sealing etc
Asphalt, Bitumen and Tar
Tar: Deep dark black in color viscous liquid
produced by destructive distillation of organic
materials such as coal, wood etc.

Types of Tar
 Coal Tar
 Wood Tar
 Mineral Tar
Properties of Tar
• Higher percentage of carbon
• Properties depends on types of tar
• Hardness much quicker than asphalt
• Possesses toxicity to a high degree

Uses of Tar
• Roofing and road marking
• Used for bituminous paint and water proofing compounds
• Preservative of timber
• Painting of latrine wall
Geosynthetics
• Geosynthetics are polymeric (plastic)
man-made products used to solve
geotechnical problems in
construction projects. They may be
planar, strips or three-dimensional
structures.
The types of geosynthetics

There are nine different types of geosynthetics, each


differing in the way that they’re designed and created, as
well as what they’re used for. The categories of
geosynthetics are:
1. Geogrids
2. Geotextiles
3. Geocells
4. Geonets
5. Geopipes
6. Geofoam
7. Geocomposites
8. Geomembranes
9. Geosynthetic clay liners
Geotextiles
Geogrids

Geonets
Geocells
Geopipes

geosynthetic clay liners

Geomembranes

Geocomposites
The functions of geosynthetics
Geosynthetics can be applied in a wide variety of geotechnical applications.

• Stabilization
• Reinforcement
• Drainage
• Erosion control
• Filtration
• Separation
• Barrier
• Protection
Gypsum product and composite materials

• Gypsum is a non hydraulic binder occurring naturally as a soft


crystalline rock or sand.

Types: Plaster of praise, Gypsum wall plaster, Hard finish plaster,


Gypsum Board, etc.
Properties:
• Relatively small bulk density, good sound absorbing capacity,
good fire resistance, Incombustibility, Resistance of insects, good
surface finish, poor in wet state
Gypsum product and composite materials

• Combination of more than two construction


material as composite materials.
• Types: Few example are given here, PCC,
RCC,CFRP ( Carbon Fiber Reinforced
Plastic),ACP(Aluminium Composite Panel)
Asphalt, Premix carpet etc.
Model Question for NEC Exam
1. For sanitary pipes and chemical stone wares,
(A) Salt glazing is used
(B) Lead glazing is used
(C) Opaque glazing is used
(D) None of these
Answer: Option A

2. The most commonly used retarder in cement is


(A) Gypsum
(B) Calcium chloride
(C) Calcium carbonate
(D) None of the above
Answer: Option A
Model Question for NEC Exam
3. Non acid-resistant asbestos is:
(A) Tremolite asbestos
(B) Chrysotile asbestos
(C) Amosite asbestos
(D) None of these
Answer: Option B
4. Gypsum is a
(A) Mechanically formed sedimentary rock
(B) Igneous rock
(C) Chemically precipitated sedimentary rock
(D) Metamorphic rock
Answer: Option C
Model Question for NEC Exam
5. Pick up the correct statement from the following:
(A) Blistering may be cured by applying water paint finished with oil paint dried with a
little
copal varnish
(B) Cracked paints may be cured by removing paint and giving a fresh coat of paint
(C) Crawling paints may be cured by sand preparing the surface and giving a fresh coat
with
plenty of trumps
(D) All the above
Answer: Option D
6. The vehicle used in case of enamel paints is usually
(A) Linseed oil
(B) Water
(C) Varnish
(D) None of the above
Answer: Option C
Model Question for NEC Exam
7. The commonly used thinner in oil paints, is
(A) Naphtha
(B) Turpentine
(C) Both (a) and (b)
(D) None the these
Answer: Option C

8. The pigment used in paints for corrosive resistance, is


(A) White lead
(B) Ferrous oxide
(C) Zinc white
(D) Red lead
Answer: Option D

9.Bitumen paints offer


(A) Pleasing surface
(B) Hard surface
(C) Smooth surface
(D) Protective surface
Answer: Option D

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