Trigonometry

Formulas
By Aniket Shrivastava

From Class 10th A

Trigonometry is a branch of
mathematics that studies the
relationships between the angles and
sides of triangles.
Basic Trigonometric
Ratios
Sine, Cosine, Tangent
In a right triangle, sine (sin) is the ratio of the opposite
side to the hypotenuse, cosine (cos) is the ratio of the
adjacent side to the hypotenuse, and tangent (tan) is the
ratio of the opposite side to the adjacent side.

Reciprocal Functions
The reciprocal of sine is cosecant (csc), cosine is secant (sec),
and tangent is cotangent (cot). These are defined as csc =
1/sin, sec = 1/cos, and cot = 1/tan.

Unit Circle Approach

The unit circle provides a way to define trigonometric functions
for all angles. The coordinates of a point on the unit circle
correspond to (cos θ, sin θ) for an angle θ from the positive x-
Trigonometric Identities
Trigonometric identities are essential for simplifying
expressions and solving equations. They include the
Pythagorean identity, angle sum and difference identities, and
double angle formulas, which provide foundational knowledge
for further mathematical exploration.

1 Pythagorean Identity
The fundamental identity states that sin² θ + cos² θ = 1
for any angle θ.

2 Angle Sum and Difference Identities

Formulas like sin (A ± B) = sin A cos B ± cos A sin B.

3 Double Angle and Half Angle Formulas

Formulas such as sin(2θ) = 2 sin θ cos θ.
Trigonometric Equations
Using Identities for
Solutions
Trigonometric identities can
transform equations, making
Solving Basic them easier to solve. For
Equations example, transforming sin² θ
2
into (1 - cos² θ) can facilitate
To solve simple equations
solving.
like sin θ = k, we find
1
angles θ within specified
intervals where the sine General Solutions
function takes on the value
3 The general solution for angles
k, utilizing both reference
involves adding multiples of
angles and sign rules.
the period (360° for sine and
cosine, 180° for tangent) to
the principal solutions, which
Trigonometric
Functions and Graphs
This presentation explores the key aspects of trigonometric
functions, including their graphs and transformations.
Understanding these concepts is essential for analyzing
periodic phenomena in various fields such as physics,
engineering, and computer science.

Graphing Graphing Transforma

Sine and Tangent tions of
Cosine Functions Graphs
The graphs of Trigonometric
sine and cosine The tangent
functions can
oscillate function has a
be shifted or
between -1 and period of 180°
stretched by
1, with a period (or π radians)
adjusting their
of 360° (or 2π with vertical
equations.
radians). Sine asymptotes
Vertical shifts
Applications of Trigonometry
Navigational Uses
Trigonometric ratios are used
in navigation (both terrestrial
and maritime) to determine
Real-life Applications 2 routes and positions by
Trigonometry is widely employing triangulation
used in architecture, techniques.
engineering, and physics
1
to model relationships
involving angles and Astronomy and Surveying
distances, such as
Astronomers and surveyors
calculating heights and
3 frequently use trigonometric
distances indirectly.
principles to measure
distances across vast spaces
and to calculate positions of
celestial bodies.
Conclusion and Summary

Recap of Key Points Importance of Practice Further Study

Recommendations
This presentation highlighted Mastery in trigonometry Students are encouraged to
the basic trigonometric comes with practice. explore additional resources,
ratios, essential identities, Engaging with diverse worksheets, and online
equations, graphing problems helps reinforce tutorials to deepen their
techniques, and real-world concepts and improves understanding of
applications. problem-solving skills. trigonometric principles.
Study Resources for Trigonometry
Practice Worksheets

2 Utilize worksheets available in

Textbooks and your curriculum or online.
Online Resources
1
Refer to mathematics Discussion and
textbooks and reputable Collaboration
online platforms.
Engage in group studies and
3 discussions for enhanced
learning.
Thank You Message
1 Gratitude for 2 Encouragement
Attention to Explore
Appreciation for listening I encourage you to dive
to my presentation. deeper into trigonometry
topics.

3 Open for Questions 4 Looking Forward

to Feedback
Feel free to ask any I look forward to your
questions you may have. thoughts and insights.