Gridlock flourishes and resentments brew under those conditions.

While Saudi public life has flourished there has been a simultaneous crackdown on anything that even hints at more political or religious freedom.

As the fighting ebbed, a flourishing industry of electronic music and dance shows then rose from the ashes, leading to a resurgence of Syrian nightlife.

Larger cities could learn something from the smaller ones whose downtowns are “flourishing,” Kotkin said.

It has flourished because of just how little there is to separate two elite-level operators.