2023 2023

Owens and Tabor Represent UMass Law at Northeastern Conference

UMass Law professors Lisa Owens and AnnaMarie Tabor present at Northeastern University

McDonald Interviewed on the Purdue Pharma Bankruptcy Case

Professor McDonald was interviewed on the Purdue Pharma bankruptcy case, which brings attention to the opioid epidemic.

2024 Annual Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Breakfast to celebrate the civil rights leader and explore Diversity, Equity & Inclusion

The January 26 event will feature a keynote from Theo E.J. Wilson that analyzes the challenges and opportunities of implementing DEI initiatives

Biology alumna and associate professor win Journal of Zoology's "Paper of the Year"

Paper explores ecological consequences of chronic road noise near predatory environments

UMass Law Adjunct Professor Judge George Phelan Reflects on a Busy 2023 and His Unlikely Path to the Judiciary

Judge George Phelan reflects on a busy 2023, while focusing on the year ahead.

UMass offering $5,000 annual scholarships for Massachusetts community college graduates finishing in top 10% of their class

The UMass Community College Advantage Scholarship is designed to encourage timely associate’s degree completion, expand access to a four-year college degree for historically underrepresented students, and strengthen the Commonwealth’s talent pipeline

The sun rises on new careers for accelerated nursing program graduates

Accelerated Bachelor of Science in Nursing program graduates receive their nursing pins after completing the 17-month program

Model United Nations wins three awards in Germany

Two UMassD student groups won awards in the group's first international competition

Year in Review: Top stories of 2023

Corsairs soar to new heights

College of Engineering and College of Visual and Performing Arts students join forces to revitalize Fall River waterfront

Students in civil engineering and interior architecture and design work together to benefit the city's future and leave their mark on the SouthCoast.

UMass Dartmouth appoints first-ever Chief Marketing Officer

Sam Mead to lead the University's Enrollment Marketing efforts

Commonwealth Professor Hong Liu named Leo M. Sullivan Teacher of the Year

The UMass Dartmouth Faculty Federation named Dr. Liu the 2023 recipient of the the Leo M. Sullivan Teacher of the Year award

UMass Dartmouth partners with local high schools

From remote lectures to campus visits, local students find a supportive early college pathway through the Commonwealth Collegiate Academy program.

CVPA Professor wins Faculty Federation Scholar of the Year

Art History and Art Education Professor Pamela Karimi awarded prestigious honor

Ramprasad Balasubramanian named Provost

Chancellor Mark Fuller appointed Dr. Ramprasad Balasubramanian, better known as Ram Bala, to serve as UMass Dartmouth’s next Provost and Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs.

U.S. Supreme Court hears maritime insurance case researched by Jonathan Goldman, JD '21

First maritime law case heard by the Court in nearly 70 years could change insurance rulings across the U.S.

UMass Dartmouth's Medical Laboratory Science Program celebrates equipment upgrades

Grant of $750,000 for professional laboratory equipment was awarded by the Massachusetts Life Sciences Center to prepare students for in-demand life sciences careers

CVPA students bring captivating color to New Bedford

Illustration and fashion design students bring life to electrical boxes

Spencer Argues at Supreme Judicial Court on Alimony Law

UMass Law’s Shaun Spencer argued before the Mass. Supreme Judicial Court that the state’s alimony law should allow alimony awards that maintain patterns of savings that the parties followed during their marriage.

Dylan Cantara '24 and Christian Fall '24 win the 2023 Corsair Idea Challenge

$1,000 of cash prizes awarded in eighth annual pitch competition

Hangjian Ling receives NSF CAREER award

The $505K award provides funding for research and student training in hydrodynamics and marine technology.

College of Engineering adjunct faculty finds new evidence for ringing black holes

A study led by Collin Capano, adjunct faculty in the Department of Physics, has been published in Physical Review Letters.

Tabor Testifies Before ERISA Advisory Council on Record Keeping in the Digital Age

Professor Anna-Marie Tabor tells the U.S. Department of Labor’s ERISA Advisory Council why retirees need stronger benefit protections.

Nursing faculty enthusiastically present their research at Biennial Nursing Faculty Scholarship Celebration

Event provides an opportunity for nursing faculty to share their research with colleagues and students who were inspired by their professors' work

UMassD hosts Fall River Entrepreneurship Day

Charlton College of Business presents regional tourism panel to community stakeholders

Chaudhry Presents in Berlin on Real Estate Taxation

Professor Chaudhry presented his latest research on real estate taxation and affordable housing in Berlin.

CVPA first-years embark on Envision Resilience Challenge

Visual & Performing Arts students explore historical public art collections in New Bedford

UMass Law students assist newly arrived migrant families in MA shelter

Students experienced real-world issues in international law

The future is female: UMassD students, professionals celebrate women in STEM industries

Over a dinner and engaging professional development workshop, Corsairs represented the blossoming future of STEM fields and six received a scholarship that supports their educational journeys.

Visiting Artist: Ann Agee

Friday, November 17th, 2023

Dunlap joins the Executive Committee of the Massachusetts Access to Justice Commission

UMass Law Professor Justine Dunlap joined the executive committee of the Massachusetts Access to Justice Commission.

UMass Law and Nichols College establish an accelerated law degree partnership

Nichols becomes the 16th institution to offer a joint undergraduate and UMass Law degree in six years

UMassD Student Investment Fund performs best in UMass system

Fund beats S&P 500 by 7.12%, up 26.71% in FY23

University lands on list of nation's most environmentally responsible colleges for 12th year straight

The Princeton Review Guide to Green Colleges: 2024 Edition hails campus sustainability

Visiting Artist: Danielle Rante

Virtual Artist Talk and Cyanotype Demo, 8:00 AM, Tuesday, November 7th, 2023

Visiting Artist: Jacinda Russell

Metaphorical Antipodes: Stories of Ice, Virtual Artist Talk, 3:00 PM, Monday, November 6th, 2023

Office of Undergraduate Research announces Fall 2023 award winning student researchers

Awards are given to undergraduate students to fund research projects alongside a faculty supervisor

Honors College enrollment increases by 32% in just three years

Growth follows change from a program to college, higher admission standards, and increased Honors courses and opportunities

Dr. June Andrews Horowitz elected president of international family nursing organization

Also honored with the Excellence in Family Nursing Award during annual conference that featured presentations by CNHS graduate students and faculty

UMass Dartmouth generated $618 Million in annual economic impact for Massachusetts

New UMass Donahue Institute study shows more than 4,000 jobs sustained by the University

UMassD hosts 11th STEM4Girls Day

200 3rd to 8th-grade girls attend day of engaging STEM activities and conversations

Conference on intersection of race and labor to bring national experts to campus

"Waging Liberation: Dynamics of Race & Labor" will feature discussions and presentations by scholars and activists

Sylvia Discusses the Legal Ramifications of Using Generative Artificial Intelligence in the Workplace

With conversational and generative AI systems like ChatGPT on the rise, Professor Sylvia gave a talk on the ramifications of using artificial intelligence in the professional sphere.

Owens Publishes a New Article in Special Issue of Frontiers in Sociology

Professor Owens recently published a new Article in a special issue of Frontiers in Sociology on Ethnography in the Open Science and Digital Age. The Article, Encountering Deception in Virtual Spaces: Guidelines for Virtual Ethnography, draws from an experience of deception in virtual fieldwork and considers implications for those designing methodologies for virtual ethnographies.

UMassD PhD students and faculty gain new insights on binary black holes

PhD students lead international study on gravitational waves and black hole mergers

2023 Internal Seed Funding & Fellows Awards

Celebrate faculty research excellence

UMass Law bar pass rate soars in latest results

80% first time pass rate on July 2023 Massachusetts Bar Exam among best in state

Rain or shine: UMassD pride prevails during Blue & Gold Weekend festivities

As the UMass Dartmouth community united on campus for a weekend to remember, fun events like the Corsair Tailgate put their university pride on display.

Crime and justice studies faculty and alumni contribute to new book

"Abolish Criminology" features contributions by abolitionist professors, artists, poets, imprisoned and formerly imprisoned scholars from around the country

Engineering Professor Iren Valova Named ELATES Fellow in National Leadership Program

Dr. Valova is one of 38 faculty across the U.S. and Canada selected for national leadership development program designed to promote women in academic STEM fields.

Chancellor Statement Regarding Violence in Israel

Chancellor Fuller releases statement on the ongoing violence in Israel

Leduc Center honors during 2023 Civic Leadership Awards

The ceremony featured students, faculty, and trustee winners

UMass Dartmouth signs first international accelerated MS degree agreement

International agreement will create an accelerated pathway for MS degree in mechanical engineering with an industrial and systems engineering option

Honors College launches students' achievements through individual advising, mentoring, and funding

Staff supports students in meeting their goals and prepares them for graduate school and career success

College of Nursing & Health Sciences' undergraduate nursing program jumps to top 8% of the nation’s best

The college's standing in the most recent U.S. News & World Report rankings attributed to "supportive and inclusive" student learning

Heeseop Yoon: Adrift

CVPA Campus Gallery | September 26 - November 12, 2023

UMassD unveils new Esports arena

Corsair Esports to play in new state-of-the-art gaming space

UMass Dartmouth continues to climb in latest U.S. News & World Report national rankings

Trend of upward trajectory vaults University and its programs on the national stage

Claire T. Carney Library Associates to host 15th Annual Authors Brunch

The October 15 event to feature Jacquelyn Mitchard, Sara Paretsky, and Adriana Trigiani

CVPA professor and alumna curate solo exhibition commemorating Iran's "Woman, Life, Freedom" uprising

Sept. 22 exhibition features the works of Tehran-based activist artist Meysam Azarzad

Chancellor's Fall 2023 Update

Chancellor Fuller provides updates to the campus community at the start of the fall semester

Students return to Dartmouth to begin the 2023 academic year

The campus community joined together to celebrate the start of the fall semester

UMass Dartmouth premieres renovations, reopens Hirshfeld-Dowd Observatory

After over a decade of harsh New England winters, the observatory’s rotatable dome now sits atop a rebuilt, well-sealed foundation, ready to resume scholarly use.

Blue & Gold Weekend: Join the Fun, Community, and Celebration on October 5-7!

As days tick by, anticipation is rising on campus for the upcoming Blue & Gold Weekend festivities, including a tailgate with live music.

UMassD Believes essay contest winners announced

The longstanding tradition showcases first-year student stories as they enter the campus community

Christopher Norton '24 wins prestigious Google scholarship for student veterans

The electrical engineering major is 1 of 8 recipients nationwide.

Ready for the fall semester at UMassD?

Here's your guide to getting your 2023 academic year started off right

New date announced for second annual Run for Veterans 5K

Proceeds from the October 22 community run to support student veterans

Jiawei Yuan receives $299K NSF grant

Associate professor of computer and information science receives grant for research on artificial intelligence and unmanned aerial vehicles

Xiaofei Jia awarded two NIH R01 grants to study HIV-1 eradication

Biochemistry professor wins two R01 grants in two months

Liudong Xing receives $420K NSF grant

Professor of electrical and computer engineering awarded $420K for research on modeling and mitigating cascading failures in the Internet of Things.

UMass Dartmouth students participate in reciprocal exchange with U.K. charity

Students explore careers in the offshore wind industry on both continents

Thais Sousa ’17, DNP ’22 changes the law with evidence uncovered in doctoral thesis

When Sousa’s doctoral thesis exposed overwhelming evidence that pointed to mothers in recovery needing an outspoken advocate, she didn’t hesitate to rise to the occasion.

SMAST PhD candidate Megan Winton '23 publishes groundbreaking study on white sharks

SMAST PhD candidate is published in Marine Ecology Progress Series and featured on National Geographic TV special "Return of the White Shark."

Biology class studies microbial diversity in Iceland

Students earn three credits in two weeks with European peers

Jiawei Yuan receives $240K NSF grant

Dr. Jiawei Yuan, associate professor of computer and information science, was recently awarded a $240K grant by the National Science Foundation (NSF) to promote cybersecurity education.

Matthew Napoli '24 awarded highly competitive Elizabeth Greenshields Foundation grant

Painting MFA student awarded $12,900 from international foundation

UMass Dartmouth offers multiple paid internships to New Bedford High School students

Meeting the demand for a diverse and highly skilled workforce in some of the fastest growing industries

Response to recent Supreme Court decisions

Chief Diversity Officer David A. Gomes discusses the affirmative action ruling

Two faculty members named U.S. Fulbright Scholars

Professors Arpita Joardar and Shakhnoza Kayumova to conduct research internationally

Shakhnoza Kayumova named U.S. Fulbright Scholar

Associate Professor of STEM Education will conduct research in Uzbekistan during the spring semester of 2024

Arpita Joardar named U.S. Fulbright Scholar

Associate Professor of Management & Marketing will teach in India during the spring 2024 semester

Cate O’Keefe ’13 named Executive Director of New England Fishery Management Council

O’Keefe’s impressive 20-year career in fisheries science and management sparked at UMass Dartmouth’s SMAST and resulted in her recent promotion to a new position.

Stephanie McGoldrick receives Manning Prize for teaching excellence

Assistant Teaching Professor of Interior Architecture + Design recognized for exemplary teaching and service

Owens Publishes “The Court of Student Excuses” in a Teaching Resources & Innovation Library

Professor Owens recently published a discussion-based activity she developed to help students learn more about the function and concepts of law and society. The exercise encourages students to build a new ‘court’ in the classroom which will adjudicate the excuses that students communicate to instructors.

New Dean of the Claire T. Carney Library appointed

Nancy M. Godleski, former Associate University Librarian at Vanderbilt University, named Dean

New Dean of the School of Law appointed

Sam Panarella, professor of Law and former Executive Director of the Max S. Baucus Institute, named Dean

College of Engineering recognizes faculty and staff for outstanding service

The College of Engineering honors Banafsheh Seyed-Aghazadeh and Dapeng Li, winners of the 2023 Faculty Award for Excellence in Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion and the 2023 Outstanding Staff Award

College of Engineering announces inaugural Outstanding Graduate Student Teaching Award

PhD candidate Merin Bosco '24 is the award's first recipient

Dylan Kaplowitz Receives the 2023 Art & Civic Engagement Award

Branding solutions for the Cambodian Community of Fall River

Sound in Space, Sound in Place

Art History Featured in Celebrated “Sound Art” Exhibition at the New Bedford Art Museum

New Dean of the School for Marine Science & Technology appointed

Kevin Stokesbury selected as Dean after decades of leadership with SMAST

Kevin Stokesbury awarded $1.4 million from NOAA Fisheries

This funding will support four scallop research projects through the 2023-2024 Scallop Research Set-Aside Program.

Class of 2023 honored during Commencement ceremonies

1,800 examples of student success celebrated during four ceremonies across campus

Inaugural Dean of the Honors College appointed

Amy Shapiro selected as Dean after serving as Director of the Honors College since September 2021

UMassD’s Rosie Amato ’22 lands residency at Arrowmont School of Arts & Craft

Amato will join four other artists for an eleven-month program that strengthens their creative talents in Gatlinburg, TN.

Institutional design class partners with CO-OP for service-learning experience

IAD 302 class redesigns local nonprofit's facility for practical learning experience

UMass Law celebrates the Class of 2023

Graduates prepared to pursue justice for all

Owens Serves as Judge in Harvard Law School’s Inaugural Mock Trial Tournament

Professor Owens was invited to serve as a judge in Harvard Law School’s inaugural mock trial tournament. The tournament brought together 24 mock trial teams from law schools across the country.

Alum-sponsored engineering capstone project dares UMassD seniors to strive for excellence

Engineering students partnered with Kimley-Horn to devise a renovation plan for a Raising Cane’s restaurant.

Collegiate DECA shines in Orlando competition

Four of six UMass Dartmouth teams finish in top 15 of their respective categories

UMassBrut to unveil modernist virtual tour at AHA! Night

Public launch will celebrate new virtual tour of Paul Rudolph’s iconic brutalist campus Thursday, May 11, at 6:30pm

UMass Law ranks 7th in U.S. for public service employment

Also reached #1 ranking among New England law schools in the same metric

Office of Undergraduate Research announces summer award winners

Twenty undergraduate student researchers from across campus to conduct unique research during the summer

Inaugural Founders' Scholarships awarded to two incoming students

Scholarships cover high-achieving Massachusetts residents' tuition, fees, food, and housing for four years

Charlton faculty complete study on organizations' cyberattack preparedness

Companies move forward in their battle against cyber threats

Golden celebration for UMass Dartmouth alumni, guests at 50th Alumni Awards

UMass Dartmouth proudly welcomed alumni, faculty, and more to honor their impactful contributions to society.

Class of 2023 Commencement Ceremony details

Four ceremonies will celebrate the achievements of students

UMass Dartmouth debuts new Veterans' Resource Center

The Veterans’ Resource Center is a community space for military-affiliated students seeking support from specialized UMassD programs and services.

Student Commencement Speakers for Class of 2023 announced

Capri McLucas, Marilyn Naeem, Anne Jean, and Natalie Peters to inspire their peers with stories of perseverance and success

Men's Head Basketball Coach honored by Massachusetts House of Representatives

Brian Baptiste received a citation for his 40 years of coaching accomplishments

University to honor impactful community partners during 2023 Commencement

Little Doe Baird, Loretta “Lee” Blake, and Mark Dion to receive honorary degrees

Inaugural outstanding faculty research mentor award recipients announced

Professors Kristen Sethares (Adult Nursing), Vijaya Chalivendra (Mechanical Engineering), Rebecca Hutchinson (Art & Design), and Scott Field (Mathematics) all honored

Inaugural outstanding student research award recipients announced

Undergraduate student Mckenzie Ferrari and graduate students Benjoe Rey Visayas and Yasmin Zandomenico Vasconcelos all received awards

Model United Nations wins outstanding delegation

Joint presentation with Japanese delegation also takes home honorable mention in NYC conference

The Office of Undergraduate Research presents 2023 Three Minute Thesis competition

UMass Dartmouth undergraduate and graduate students competed in the 2023 Three Minute Thesis competition.

McDonald Publishes on Bankruptcy Solutions to Homelessness in the Yale Law & Policy Review

Professor McDonald published an article on bankruptcy solutions to homelessness in the Yale Law and Policy Review.

2023 MFA Thesis Exhibition and Artist Talks

March 28 – Saturday, May 13, 2023

Visiting Artist: Haley MacKeil

Friday, April 14th, 2023

Visiting Critic: Ruth Erickson

10:30 AM, Thursday, April 13th, 2023

Scholar Day: Students, donors celebrate scholarship impact at UMassD

UMassD students and donors bonded over brunch to showcase the significance of scholarships on student success in the classroom and beyond.

Political Science student honored as Newman Civic Fellow

Gent Haviari recognized for commitment to solving public problems

UMassD students help build sustainable water filtration solutions in Guatemala

Eleven students spent their spring break improving the health and hygiene of Guatemalan women and children

Big Data Club wins Best Data Visualization at DataFest

Award is the fifth consecutive for Business and Engineering students

Three student teams win prizes at Startup Weekend

Forty participants competed on eight teams to present the best startup venture idea

Clifford Submits an Amicus Brief to the U.S. Supreme Court on Real Estate Tax Foreclosure Systems

Professor Ralph Clifford submitted an amicus brief to the U.S. Supreme Court that argues that real estate tax foreclosure systems are unconstitutional.

Visiting Artist: Richard Notkin

March 20 - April 2, 2023

Upcoming Career and Networking Events on Campus

Upcoming events on campus help students grow their networks, explore careers and land jobs.

UMassD Alumni Association to host 50th annual Alumni Awards

A special ceremony and lively reception are planned to honor the 50th anniversary of the Alumni Awards and the award recipients on Wednesday, April 26.

Leadership Lessons with Peter de Silva ’84

Alum Peter de Silva will discuss his book “Taking Stock” on April 13 at CCB

Engaged Scholarship Symposium on Anti-Racist Community Engagement coming to campus on March 31

The hybrid event will feature panels and workshops with national experts

Marine and UnderSea Technology Research Program (MUST) receives $3.6M grant for sustained research efforts in critical blue economy sectors

The latest award from the Office of Naval Research to create new marine science and technology projects

Owens Presents on Expert Housing Policy Panel

On an expert panel called “Good Intentions vs. Good Laws: Why Housing Advocacy Matters”, Professor Lisa Lucile Owens discussed the Housing Choice Voucher Program and its strengths and shortcomings.

Celebrate Women's History Month

The month-long celebration features a speaker series, workshops, and film screenings

College of Nursing & Health Sciences to present online forum on sex trafficking and domestic violence on February 28

Event designed to prepare future nurses and health care workers and to share information with the community

President Meehan's 2023 State of the University Address

UMass System President Marty Meehan remarks on another incredible year

Professor Brian Glyn Williams to present a Corsair Chat on a year of war in Ukraine

Williams will discuss the latest updates in the ongoing Russian war and take questions from the audience during the hybrid event

UMass Law BLSA Moot Court and Mock Trial teams make a strong showing at regional competition

Black Law Students Association Moot Court Team wins Best Petitioner Brief Award in first appearance at the event

Music Majors Partner with Our Sisters’ Middle School

CVPA Music Majors volunteer with area middle school music program

Office of Undergraduate Research announces undergraduate student awards

Student researchers from across campus to conduct unique research during the spring

Owens Leads Legal Workshop for New Bedford Entrepreneurs

Professor Owens led a workshop to help local New Bedford entrepreneurs with the legal challenges of starting a business.

Celebrate Black History Month

The UMassD community celebrates Black History Month 2023 through virtual and in-person cultural and educational events

The CyberCorps Scholarship for Service: Accelerating Cybersecurity Education, Scholarship and Service

UMass Dartmouth received a $3.5 million grant from the National Science Foundation to advance the study of cybersecurity and prepare students for future careers in the field.

Supporting Our Community Following the Memphis Video Release

Chancellor Fuller comments and reviews resources for the campus community

Emerging Young Artists 2023 Juried Exhibition

Virtual Exhibition Opening, Reception, and Awards Presentation: Friday, January 27, 6:30pm - 7:30pm

Hélio and Amélia Pedroso/Luso-American Foundation Endowed Chair in Portuguese Studies for spring 2023 semester announced

UMass Dartmouth and the Center for Portuguese Studies and Culture welcome Professor Maria do Carmo Piçarra Ramos

CVPA graphic design class partners with DATMA

Students gain real-world experience promoting non-profit artwork

Newly released American Bar Association data establishes UMass Law as one of the nation’s fastest-growing law schools

Ranks 3rd in U.S. for enrollment growth while setting record high LSATs and UGPAs and maintaining the smallest class sizes and most affordable tuition of any MA law school

Celebrate the legacy of MLK at the 21st Annual Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Breakfast

The virtual event on January 27 will honor the civil rights leader with musical performances and a keynote address from activist and author Feminista Jones

Acclaimed author Jean Twenge to give public lecture on campus

Twenge to discuss iGen, her influential study of Gen Z smartphone use on February 2

Honoring the legacy of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

Chief Diversity Officer David A. Gomes reflects on the occasion of Dr. King's 94th birthday celebration

Boivin Center for French Language and Culture announces first program of spring semester

Professor Victoria Richter and her musical group, Gained in Translation, to perform Early Valentine’s Afternoon music

Men’s basketball head coach Brian Baptiste reaches 700 career wins

The milestone cements Baptiste as the most winningest active coach in Division III basketball

Dr. Peeranuch LeSeure is developing a Smartphone app to assist patients with Type 2 diabetes

The free mobile app is geared toward those of Portuguese descent to help them in managing and treating their disease

Pat Coomey Thornton: Moment to Moment

University Art Gallery, January 11 - March 9, 2023

Charlton College of Business celebrates inaugural BayCoast Scholar graduates

Reception with Bristol Community College and BayCoast Bank highlighted five students’ successful graduation from BCC and transfer to the CCB

Phelan Looks Back on an Accomplished 2022

UMass Law Adjunct faculty member Judge George Phelan looks back on an accomplished year.

Governor Healey leads climate change discussion at UMass Dartmouth

The workforce development-focused roundtable featured top state officials, local politicians, and student and faculty researchers

Shaun Spencer examines a new era of law, technology, and privacy

UMass Law Associate Dean Shaun Spencer informs emerging debates over the appropriate regulation of privacy, technology, and information policy

Strong year of growth for UMass Law

In 2022, UMass Law reached record high LSATs and UGPAs while expanding enrollment, adding 3+3 programs, and pursuing justice

Drew Participates in the ABA’s HIV/AIDS Impact Project Discussions

Professor Margaret Drew was invited to participate in a series of discussions hosted by the American Bar Association in honor of World Aids Day.

Spencer Presents on the EU-US Data Privacy Framework

UMass Law’s Shaun Spencer presented on the EU-US Data Privacy Framework and the history of US surveillance regulation.