The Apache FOP Project

The Apache™ FOP Project

Apache™ FOP: Configuration

Configuration File Basics

The Apache™ FOP configuration file is an XML file containing a variety of settings that are useful for controlling FOP's behavior, and for helping it find resources that you wish it to use.

The easiest way to get started using a FOP configuration file is to copy the sample found at {fop-dir}/conf/fop.xconf to a location of your choice, and then to edit it according to your needs. It contains templates for the various configuration options, most of which are commented out. Remove the comments and change the settings for entries that you wish to use. Be sure to follow any instructions, including comments which specify the value range. Also, since the configuration file is XML, be sure to keep it well-formed.

Making Configuration Available to FOP

After creating your configuration file, you must tell FOP how to find it:

See Setting the Configuration Programmatically for instructions on how to do so in an embedded environment.

Summary of the General Configuration Options

Element Data Type (for the value) Description Default Value
base1 URL or directory Specifies the base URL based on which relative URL will be resolved. current directory
font-base1 URL or directory Specifies the base URL based on which relative font URLs will be resolved. base URL/directory (above)
hyphenation-base1 URL or directory Specifies the base URL based on which relative URLs to hyphenation pattern files will be resolved. If not specified, support for user-supplied hyphenation patterns remains disabled. disabled
hyphenation-pattern String, attribute lang, attribute country (optional) Register a file name for the hyphenation pattern for the mentioned language and country. Language ll and country CC must both consist of two letters. ll_CC
source-resolution Integer, dpi Resolution in dpi (dots per inch) which is used internally to determine the pixel size for SVG images and bitmap images without resolution information. 72 dpi
target-resolution Integer, dpi Resolution in dpi (dots per inch) used to specify the output resolution for bitmap images generated by bitmap renderers (such as the TIFF renderer) and by bitmaps generated by Apache Batik for filter effects and such. 72 dpi
strict-configuration Boolean (true, false) Setting this option to 'true' will cause FOP to strictly verify the contents of the FOP configuration file to ensure that defined resources (such as fonts and base URLs/directories) are valid and available to FOP. Any errors found will cause FOP to immediately raise an exception. false
strict-validation Boolean (true, false) Setting this option to 'false' causes FOP to be more forgiving about XSL-FO validity, for example, you're allowed to specify a border on a region-body which is supported by some FO implementations but is non-standard. Note that such a border would currently have no effect in Apache FOP. true
break-indent-inheritance Boolean (true, false) Setting this option to 'true' causes FOP to use an alternative rule set to determine text indents specified through margins, start-indent and end-indent. Many commercial FO implementations have chosen to break the XSL specification in this aspect. This option tries to mimic their behaviour. Please note that Apache FOP may still not behave exactly like those implementations either because FOP has not fully matched the desired behaviour and because the behaviour among the commercial implementations varies. The default for this option (i.e. false) is to behave exactly like the specification describes. false
complex-scripts attribute disabled (optional) If present and if an attribute 'disabled' is specified with the value 'false', then complex script features are disabled. The same result can be obtained on an FOP per-invocation basis by specifying a '-nocs' command line option when invoking FOP. When complex script features are disabled, all bidirectional processing and complex character to glyph mapping processing is disabled; in addition, the loading of GDEF, GSUB, and GPOS advanced typographic tables is disabled for OpenType and TrueType fonts. Unless disabled by this mechanism or by use of the '-nocs' command line option, complex script features will be enabled by default. n/a
default-page-settings n/a Specifies the default width and height of a page if "auto" is specified for either or both values. Use "height" and "width" attributes on the default-page-settings element to specify the two values. "height" 11 inches, "width" 8.26 inches
prefer-renderer boolean (true, false) By default, FOP prefers the newer output implementations based on the IFDocumentHandler interface. If no such implementation can be found for a given MIME type, it looks for an implementation of the Renderer interface. If necessary, you can invert the lookup order to prefer the Renderer variant over the IFDocumentHandler variant by setting this value to true. false
use-cache boolean (true, false) All fonts information that has been gathered as a result of "directory" or "auto-detect" font configurations will be cached for future rendering runs. This setting should improve performance on systems where fonts have been configured using the "directory" or "auto-detect" tag mechanisms. By default this option is switched on. true
cache-file String This option specifies the file/directory path of the fop cache file. This file is currently only used to cache font triplet information for future reference. ${base}/conf/fop.cache
table-border-overpaint Boolean (true, false) Setting this option to 'true' will cause FOP to produce table borders without uneven lines false
simple-line-breaking Boolean (true, false) Setting this option to 'true' will cause FOP to use a faster line breaking algorithm false
renderers (see text below) Contains the configuration for each renderer. See below. N/A
skip-page-position-only-allowed Boolean (true, false) Controls output of 'blank' pages. See below. true

This is an excerpt from the example configuration file coming with FOP:

<fop version="1.0">

  <!-- Strict user configuration -->
  <strict-configuration>true</strict-configuration>

  <!-- Strict FO validation -->
  <strict-validation>true</strict-validation>

  <!-- Base URL for resolving relative URLs -->
  <base>./</base>

  <!-- Font Base URL for resolving relative font URLs -->
  <font-base>./</font-base>

  <!-- Source resolution in dpi (dots/pixels per inch) for determining the size of pixels in SVG and bitmap images, default: 72dpi -->
  <source-resolution>72</source-resolution>
  <!-- Target resolution in dpi (dots/pixels per inch) for specifying the target resolution for generated bitmaps, default: 72dpi -->
  <target-resolution>72</target-resolution>

  <!-- default page-height and page-width, in case
       value is specified as auto -->
  <default-page-settings height="11in" width="8.26in"/>

  <!-- Use file name nl_Bel instead of the default nl_BE -->
  <hyphenation-pattern lang="nl" country="BE">nl_Bel</hyphenation-pattern>
  <!-- or for xml file -->
  <hyphenation-pattern lang="fr" extension="xml">lang/fr.xml</hyphenation-pattern>
  <!-- or for binary file -->
  <hyphenation-pattern lang="fr" extension="hyp">lang/fr.hyp</hyphenation-pattern>

  <!-- etc. etc..... -->
</fop>

Image Loading Customization

Apache FOP uses the image loading framework from Apache XML Graphics Commons to load images using various plug-ins. Every image loader plug-in has a hard-coded usage penalty that influences which solution is chosen if there are multiple possibilities to load an image. Sometimes, though, these penalties need to be tweaked and this can be done in the FOP configuration. An example:

<fop version="1.0">
  [..]
  <image-loading>
    <penalty value="10000"
      class="org.apache.xmlgraphics.image.loader.impl.ImageLoaderRawCCITTFax"/>
    <penalty value="INFINITE"
      class="org.apache.xmlgraphics.image.loader.impl.ImageLoaderInternalTIFF"/>
  </image-loading>
  <renderers....
</fop>

The first penalty element increases the penalty for the raw CCITT loader. This practically forces the decoding of CCITT compressed TIFF images except if there are no TIFF codecs available.

The second penalty element sets an "infinite" penalty for the TIFF loader using the internal TIFF codec. This practically disables that plug-in as it will never be chosen as a possible solution.

Negative penalties are possible to promote a plug-in but a negative penalty sum will be treated as zero penalty in most cases. For more details on the image loading framework, please consult the documentation there.

The ImageLoaderPNG and ImageLoaderRawPNG have a hard-coded penalty of 1000 and as such the ImageLoaderImageIO image loader will be selected by default when loading PNGs unless the latter is disabled by awarding a INFINITE penalty to it, or one of the former two is promoted by awarding a strong negative penalty (say, -10000) to it.

<fop version="1.0">
  [..]
  <image-loading>
    <penalty value="-10000"
        class="org.apache.xmlgraphics.image.loader.impl.ImageLoaderRawPNG"/>
    <penalty value="INFINITE"
        class="org.apache.xmlgraphics.image.loader.impl.ImageLoaderPNG"/>
    <penalty value="INFINITE"
        class="org.apache.xmlgraphics.image.loader.impl.imageio.ImageLoaderImageIO"/>
  </image-loading>
  <renderers....
</fop>

Renderer configuration

Each Renderer has its own configuration section which is identified by the MIME type the Renderer is written for, ex. "application/pdf" for the PDF Renderer.

The configuration for the PDF Renderer could look like this:

<renderers>
  <renderer mime="application/pdf">
    <filterList>
      <!-- provides compression using zlib flate (default is on) -->
      <value>flate</value>
    </filterList>
    <fonts>
      <font metrics-url="arial.xml" kerning="yes" embed-url="arial.ttf">
        <font-triplet name="Arial" style="normal" weight="normal"/>
        <font-triplet name="ArialMT" style="normal" weight="normal"/>
      </font>
      <font metrics-url="arialb.xml" kerning="yes" embed-url="arialb.ttf">
        <font-triplet name="Arial" style="normal" weight="bold"/>
        <font-triplet name="ArialMT" style="normal" weight="bold"/>
      </font>
    </fonts>
  </renderer>

  <renderer mime="application/postscript">
  <!-- etc. etc..... -->

The details on the font configuration can be found on the separate Fonts page. Note especially the section entitled Register Fonts with FOP.

Special Settings for the PDF Renderer

The configuration element for the PDF renderer contains two elements. One is for the font configuration (please follow the link above) and one is for the "filter list". The filter list controls how the individual objects in a PDF file are encoded. By default, all objects get "flate" encoded (i.e. simply compressed with the same algorithm that is also used in ZIP files). Most users don't need to change that setting. For debugging purposes, it may be desired not to compress the internal objects at all so the generated PDF commands can be read. In that case, you can simply use the following filter list. The second filter list (type="image") ensures that all images still get compressed but also ASCII-85 encoded so the produced PDF file is still easily readable in a text editor.

<renderer mime="application/pdf">
  <filterList>
    <value>null</value>
  </filterList>
  <filterList type="image">
    <value>flate</value>
    <value>ascii-85</value>
  </filterList>

  <fonts....
</renderer>

Another (optional) setting specific to the PDF Renderer is an output color profile, an ICC color profile which indicates the target color space the PDF file is generated for. This setting is mainly used in conjunction with the PDF/X feature. An example:

<renderer mime="application/pdf">
  <filterList...

  <output-profile>C:\FOP\Color\EuropeISOCoatedFOGRA27.icc</output-profile>

  <fonts....
</renderer>

Some people don't have high requirements on color fidelity but instead want the smallest PDF file sizes possible. In this case it's possible to disable the default sRGB color space which XSL-FO requires. This will cause RGB colors to be generated as device-specific RGB. Please note that this option is unavailable (and will cause an error) if you enable PDF/A or PDF/X functionality or if you specify an output profile. This setting will make the PDF about 4KB smaller. To disable the sRGB color space add the following setting:

<renderer mime="application/pdf">
  <filterList...

  <disable-srgb-colorspace>true</disable-srgb-colorspace>

  <fonts....
</renderer>

FOP supports encryption of PDF output, thanks to Patrick C. Lankswert. This feature is commonly used to prevent unauthorized viewing, printing, editing, copying text from the document and doing annotations. It is also possible to ask the user for a password in order to view the contents. Note that there already exist third party applications which can decrypt an encrypted PDF without effort and allow the aforementioned operations, therefore the degree of protection is limited. For further information about features and restrictions regarding PDF encryption, look at the documentation coming with Adobe Acrobat or the technical documentation on the Adobe web site.

<renderer mime="application/pdf">
  <encryption-params>
     <encryption-length>128</encryption-length>
     <user-password>testuserpass</user-password>
     <owner-password>testownerpass</owner-password>
     <noprint/>
     <nocopy/>
     <noedit/>
     <noannotations/>
     <nofillinforms/>
     <noaccesscontent/>
     <noassembledoc/>
     <noprinthq/>
  </encryption-params>
</renderer>

By default FOP produces PDF files of version 1.4, but this can be changed in order to benefit from features that appeared in newer versions of PDF. At the moment, only a few features from PDF 1.5 have been implemented, but the configuration element will accept any value between 1.4 and 2.0. This is the value that will appear in the PDF header, although only features up to 1.5 will actually be used.

<renderer mime="application/pdf">
  <version>1.5</version>
  <!-- Versions 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7 and 2.0 are accepted, all other values are invalid -->
</renderer>

Special Settings for the PostScript Renderer

Besides the normal font configuration (the same "fonts" element as for the PDF renderer) the PostScript renderer has an additional setting to force landscape pages to be rotated to fit on a page inserted into the printer in portrait mode. Set the value to "true" to activate this feature. The default is "false". Example:

<renderer mime="application/postscript">
  <auto-rotate-landscape>true</auto-rotate-landscape>

  <fonts>
    <font metrics-url="arial.xml" kerning="yes" embed-url="arial.ttf">
      <font-triplet name="Arial" style="normal" weight="normal"/>
      <font-triplet name="ArialMT" style="normal" weight="normal"/>
    </font>
    <font metrics-url="arialb.xml" kerning="yes" embed-url="arialb.ttf">
      <font-triplet name="Arial" style="normal" weight="bold"/>
      <font-triplet name="ArialMT" style="normal" weight="bold"/>
    </font>
  </fonts>
</renderer>

Special Settings for the PCL Renderer

Non-standard fonts for the PCL renderer are made available through the Java2D subsystem which means that you don't have to do any custom font configuration in this case but you have to use the font names offered by Java.

Additionally, there are certain settings that control how the renderer handles various elements.

<renderer mime="application/x-pcl">
  <rendering>quality</rendering>
  <text-rendering>bitmap</text-rendering>
</renderer>

The default value for the "rendering" setting is "speed" which causes borders to be painted as plain rectangles. In this mode, no special borders (dotted, dashed etc.) are available. If you want support for all border modes, set the value to "quality" as indicated above. This will cause the borders to be painted as bitmaps.

The default value for the "text-rendering" setting is "auto" which paints the base fonts using PCL fonts. Non-base fonts are painted as bitmaps through Java2D. If the mix of painting methods results in unwelcome output, you can set this to "bitmap" which causes all text to be rendered as bitmaps.

Special Settings for the AFP Renderer

Additionally, there are certain settings that control how the renderer handles various elements.

<renderer mime="application/x-afp">
  <images mode="b+w" bits-per-pixel="8" native="true"/>
  <renderer-resolution>240</renderer-resolution>
  <line-width-correction>2.5</line-width-correction>

  <!-- a default external resource group file -->
  <resource-group-file>resources.afp</resource-group-file>
</renderer>

The default value for the images "mode" setting is "b+w" (black and white). When the images "mode" setting is "b+w" a "bits-per-pixel" setting can be provided to aid the grayscale conversion process. With this setting all images referenced in your source document are converted to an IOCA FS45 grayscale bitmap image form. When the setting is "color" all images are converted to an IOCA FS45 color bitmap image form. When "native" setting is "true", all images encountered (TIFF, GIF, JPEG and Encapsulated Postscript etc.) will be embedded directly in the datastream in their native form using a MO:DCA Object Container.

The default value for the "renderer-resolution" is 240 dpi.

The default line width is device dependent and may need to be fine tuned so that the output matches the expected result. The default correction value is 2.5.

By default if there is no configuration definition for "resource-group-file", external resources will be placed in a file called resources.afp.

skip-page-position-only-allowed

When set to false, a second page with no content in the body (but other content such as region-after) may be produced when a conditional-page-master-reference with page-position="only" is a master candidate.

Ordinarily (i.e. when this setting not set to false), the processor will consider using conditional-page-master-references with page-position="only" one time only; if it fails to successfully construct the document on the first attempt, these conditional-page-master-references are ignored in further attempts. This default behaviour avoids the output of a 'blank' page - a second page with no content in the body where the processor fails to fit all the content onto a single page. In some cases however, this final page devoid of any body content is required and setting skip-page-position-only-allowed to false will allow this second page with no body content to be output.

A specific example of the use of this flag is where a simple-page-master with page-position="only" specifies a large region-after and the amount of content is such that the processor cannot quite fit the body content and the large region-after onto one page. The processor will then produce a second page and fall back to using alternative simple-page-masters which have smaller region-afters and so the content and smaller region-after will fit on the first page and the second page will have no content in the body. The default behaviour will be to suppress that second page with no body content. But if skip-page-position-only-allowed is set to false the second page will be produced.

When it does not work

FOP searches the configuration file for the information it expects, at the position it expects. When that information is not present, FOP will not complain, it will just continue. When there is other information in the file, FOP will not complain, it will just ignore it. That means that when your configuration information is in the file but in a different XML element, or in a different XML path, than FOP expects, it will be silently ignored.

Check the following possibilities:

and run the configuration file through a validating schema parser. Note that the schema cannot detect all errors, and that it is stricter about the order of some elements than FOP itself is.

  1. Relative URIs for those properties are evaluated relative to the base URI of the configuration file. If the configuration is provided programmatically, the base URI can be set with FopFactory.setUserConfigBaseURI ; default is the current working directory. ↩↩↩

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