跳去內容

大調

出自維基百科,自由嘅百科全書
\header { tagline = "" }
\score {
	\layout {
		indent = #0
		line-width = #72
		ragged-last = ##f
		\context { \Score
			\override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2
			\remove System_start_delimiter_engraver
		}
	}
	<<
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Time_signature_engraver
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8
		} \transpose c c' {
			\time 32/4
			c4-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			d\stopGroup
			e-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup
			f\stopGroup
			g-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			a\stopGroup
			b-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#909090"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#909090"
			\parenthesize c'1\stopGroup
		}
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver
			\remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver
			\override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN
			\override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1)
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9
		} \transpose c c' {
			\hideNotes
			\time 32/4
			c4
			d-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			e\stopGroup
			f-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			g\stopGroup
			a-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			b\stopGroup
			c'1
		}
	>>
}
\score {
	\midi { \tempo 4 = 144 }
	\transpose c c' {
		\time 32/4
		c4 d e f g a b c'1
	}
}
C 大調 / C 艾奧尼安調式。
  想搵第二個意思嘅話,請睇大調 (搞清楚)

大調英文major scale)係一種七個音階,按照現時西樂樂理嘅定義,係由七個音程組成,順序係全音、全音、半音、全音、全音、全音、半音[1];加埋啱啱一個八度。喺鍵盤樂器,最簡單嘅大調係 C 大調,因為唔使用黑色琴指,五線譜亦冇升號降號

同一個大調,喺唔同嘅音開始,按音階順序上,攞齊七個音,可以得出七個唔同嘅調式;由第一個音開始嘅叫艾奧尼安調式[註 1]Ionian mode),亦即係大調本身亦可以睇成係調式嘅一種。不過,有啲音樂人認為,如果話一件作品係用咗艾奧尼安調式(而唔係話佢用咗某個大調),就應該寫到佢唔似調性音樂

雖然大調個名係喺西樂度度嚟,但係唔係淨係西樂先有呢樣嘢。例如,阿拉伯音樂土耳其音樂都有呢樣嘢,只係佢哋唔係叫佢做大調[2]

順階和弦

[編輯]

構成大調嘅七個音,對應七個順階和弦

構成音 性質 例(C 大調)
羅馬數字 數字和弦
I 1 1-3-5 大和弦
\new Staff \with {\remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Bar_engraver} \transpose c c' { <c e g>1 }
ii 2- 2-4-6 小和弦
\new Staff \with {\remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Bar_engraver} \transpose c c' { <d f a>1 }
iii 3- 3-5-7 小和弦
\new Staff \with {\remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Bar_engraver} \transpose c c' { <e g b>1 }
IV 4 4-6-1 大和弦
\new Staff \with {\remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Bar_engraver} \transpose c c' { <f a c'>1 }
V 5 5-7-2 大和弦
\new Staff \with {\remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Bar_engraver} \transpose c c' { <g b d'>1 }
vi 6- 6-1-3 小和弦
\new Staff \with {\remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Bar_engraver} \transpose c c' { <a c' e'>1 }
vii° 7-2-4 減和弦
\new Staff \with {\remove Time_signature_engraver \remove Bar_engraver} \transpose c c' { <b d' f'>1 }

調式

[編輯]
起音音級 別名 例(中央 C 起音)
1 艾奧尼安調式[註 2]
(Ionian)
大調
\header { tagline = "" }
\score {
	\layout {
		indent = #0
		line-width = #72
		ragged-last = ##f
		\context { \Score
			\override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2
			\remove System_start_delimiter_engraver
		}
	}
	<<
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Time_signature_engraver
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8
		} \transpose c c' {
			\time 32/4
			c4-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			d\stopGroup
			e-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup
			f\stopGroup
			g-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			a\stopGroup
			b-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#909090"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#909090"
			\parenthesize c'1\stopGroup
		}
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver
			\remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver
			\override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN
			\override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1)
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9
		} \transpose c c' {
			\hideNotes
			\time 32/4
			c4
			d-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			e\stopGroup
			f-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			g\stopGroup
			a-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			b\stopGroup
			c'1
		}
	>>
}
\score {
	\midi { \tempo 4 = 144 }
	\transpose c c' {
		\time 32/4
		c4 d e f g a b c'1
	}
}
2 多里安調式[註 3]
(Dorian)
唔適用
\header { tagline = "" }
\score {
	\layout {
		indent = #0
		line-width = #72
		ragged-last = ##f
		\context { \Score
			\override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2
			\remove System_start_delimiter_engraver
		}
	}
	<<
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Time_signature_engraver
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8
		} \transpose d c' {
			\time 32/4
			d4-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			e\stopGroup
			f-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			g\stopGroup
			a-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			b\stopGroup
			c'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#909090"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#909090"
			\parenthesize d'1\stopGroup
		}
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver
			\remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver
			\override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN
			\override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1)
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9
		} \transpose d c' {
			\hideNotes
			\time 32/4
			d4
			e-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup
			f\stopGroup
			g-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			a\stopGroup
			b-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup
			c'\stopGroup
			d'1
		}
	>>
}
\score {
	\midi { \tempo 4 = 144 }
	\transpose d c' {
		\time 32/4
		d4 e f g a b c' d'1
	}
}
3 費里吉安調式[註 4]
(Phrygian)
唔適用
\header { tagline = "" }
\score {
	\layout {
		indent = #0
		line-width = #72
		ragged-last = ##f
		\context { \Score
			\override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2
			\remove System_start_delimiter_engraver
		}
	}
	<<
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Time_signature_engraver
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8
		} \transpose e c' {
			\time 32/4
			e4-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup
			f\stopGroup
			g-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			a\stopGroup
			b-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup
			c'\stopGroup
			d'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#909090"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#909090"
			\parenthesize e'1\stopGroup
		}
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver
			\remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver
			\override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN
			\override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1)
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9
		} \transpose e c' {
			\hideNotes
			\time 32/4
			e4
			f-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			g\stopGroup
			a-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			b\stopGroup
			c'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			d'\stopGroup
			e'1
		}
	>>
}
\score {
	\midi { \tempo 4 = 144 }
	\transpose e c' {
		\time 32/4
		e4 f g a b c' d' e'1
	}
}
4 利地安調式[註 5]
(Lydian)
唔適用
\header { tagline = "" }
\score {
	\layout {
		indent = #0
		line-width = #72
		ragged-last = ##f
		\context { \Score
			\override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2
			\remove System_start_delimiter_engraver
		}
	}
	<<
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Time_signature_engraver
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8
		} \transpose f c' {
			\time 32/4
			f4-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			g\stopGroup
			a-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			b\stopGroup
			c'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			d'\stopGroup
			e'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#909090"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#909090"
			\parenthesize f'1\stopGroup
		}
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver
			\remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver
			\override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN
			\override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1)
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9
		} \transpose f c' {
			\hideNotes
			\time 32/4
			f4
			g-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			a\stopGroup
			b-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup
			c'\stopGroup
			d'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			e'\stopGroup
			f'1
		}
	>>
}
\score {
	\midi { \tempo 4 = 144 }
	\transpose f c' {
		\time 32/4
		f4 g a b c' d' e' f'1
	}
}
5 米索利地安調式[註 6]
(Mixolydian)
唔適用
\header { tagline = "" }
\score {
	\layout {
		indent = #0
		line-width = #72
		ragged-last = ##f
		\context { \Score
			\override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2
			\remove System_start_delimiter_engraver
		}
	}
	<<
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Time_signature_engraver
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8
		} \transpose g c' {
			\time 32/4
			g4-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			a\stopGroup
			b-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup
			c'\stopGroup
			d'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			e'\stopGroup
			f'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#909090"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#909090"
			\parenthesize g'1\stopGroup
		}
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver
			\remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver
			\override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN
			\override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1)
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9
		} \transpose g c' {
			\hideNotes
			\time 32/4
			g4
			a-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			b\stopGroup
			c'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			d'\stopGroup
			e'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup
			f'\stopGroup
			g'1
		}
	>>
}
\score {
	\midi { \tempo 4 = 144 }
	\transpose g c' {
		\time 32/4
		g4 a b c' d' e' f' g'1
	}
}
6 伊奧利安調式[註 7]
(Aeolian)
自然小調
\header { tagline = "" }
\score {
	\layout {
		indent = #0
		line-width = #72
		ragged-last = ##f
		\context { \Score
			\override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2
			\remove System_start_delimiter_engraver
		}
	}
	<<
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Time_signature_engraver
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8
		} \transpose a c' {
			\time 32/4
			a4-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			b\stopGroup
			c'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			d'\stopGroup
			e'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup
			f'\stopGroup
			g'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#909090"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#909090"
			\parenthesize a'1\stopGroup
		}
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver
			\remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver
			\override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN
			\override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1)
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9
		} \transpose a c' {
			\hideNotes
			\time 32/4
			a4
			b-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup
			c'\stopGroup
			d'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			e'\stopGroup
			f'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			g'\stopGroup
			a'1
		}
	>>
}
\score {
	\midi { \tempo 4 = 144 }
	\transpose a c' {
		\time 32/4
		a4 b c' d' e' f' g' a'1
	}
}
7 洛克里安調式[暫譯][註 8]
(Locrian)
唔適用
\header { tagline = "" }
\score {
	\layout {
		indent = #0
		line-width = #72
		ragged-last = ##f
		\context { \Score
			\override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2
			\remove System_start_delimiter_engraver
		}
	}
	<<
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Time_signature_engraver
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8
		} \transpose b c' {
			\time 32/4
			b4-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup
			c'\stopGroup
			d'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			e'\stopGroup
			f'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			g'\stopGroup
			a'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#909090"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#909090"
			\parenthesize b'1\stopGroup
		}
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver
			\remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver
			\override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN
			\override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1)
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9
		} \transpose b c' {
			\hideNotes
			\time 32/4
			b4
			c'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			d'\stopGroup
			e'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup
			f'\stopGroup
			g'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			a'\stopGroup
			b'1
		}
	>>
}
\score {
	\midi { \tempo 4 = 144 }
	\transpose b c' {
		\time 32/4
		b4 c' d' e' f' g' a' b'1
	}
}

參考資料

[編輯]
  1. Michelmore 2020, 4:27.
  2. Hines, Edward J. "What are makams? Part 2" (英文). 喺2024年10月30號搵到.

[編輯]
  1. 譯名見:課程發展處藝術教育組, p. 27
  2. 譯名見:藝術教育組 2023年, p. 27
  3. 譯名見:藝術教育組 2023年, p. 17
  4. 譯名見:藝術教育組 2023年, p. 40
  5. 譯名見:藝術教育組 2023年, p. 30
  6. 譯名見:藝術教育組 2023年, p. 33
  7. 譯名見:藝術教育組 2023年, p. 2
  8. 譯名參考:藝術教育組 2023年;又:M5 無日期。香港教育局畀嘅譯名明顯係普通話簡轉繁(出現唔正常嘅 「裏」 字、唔係用 「安」),教育局畀嘅名呢度只能夠做參考。

書目

[編輯]
Circle of fifths
Circle of fifths
調號升/降號數量 升號 降號
大調 小調 大調 小調
常用七大/小調 0 C大調 - A小調
1 G大調 E小調 F大調 D小調
2 D大調 B小調 B♭大調 G小調
3 A大調 F♯小調 E♭大調 C小調
4 E大調 C♯小調 A♭大調 F小調
5 B大調 G♯小調 D♭大調 B♭小調
6 F♯大調 D♯小調 G♭大調 E♭小調
7 C♯大調 A♯小調 C♭大調 A♭小調
理論調 8 G♯大調 E♯小調 F♭大調 D♭小調
pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy